Hormones and Signal Transduction. Dr. Kevin Ahern
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1 Dr. Kevin Ahern
2 Signaling Outline
3 Signaling Outline Background
4 Signaling Outline Background Membranes
5 Signaling Outline Background Membranes Hormones & Receptors
6 Signaling Outline Background Membranes Hormones & Receptors Second Messengers
7 Signaling Introduction
8 Signaling Introduction Needs of a Multicellular Organism
9 Signaling Introduction Needs of a Multicellular Organism Responding to Environment
10 Signaling Introduction Needs of a Multicellular Organism Responding to Environment Food Status
11 Signaling Introduction Needs of a Multicellular Organism Responding to Environment Food Status Danger
12 Signaling Introduction Needs of a Multicellular Organism Responding to Environment Food Status Danger Growth
13 Signaling Introduction Needs of a Multicellular Organism Responding to Environment Food Status Danger Growth Injury
14 Signaling Introduction Coordination of Cellular/Tissue Responses
15 Signaling Introduction Coordination of Cellular/Tissue Responses
16 Signaling
17 Signaling Membranes Organization of Bilayer Around Cell
18 Signaling Membranes Lipid Bilayer Prevents Entry of Most Molecules Organization of Bilayer Around Cell
19 Signaling Membranes Lipid Bilayer Prevents Entry of Most Molecules Lipid Bilayer Organization of Bilayer Around Cell
20 Signaling Membranes Lipid Bilayer Prevents Entry of Most Molecules Lipid Bilayer Organization of Bilayer Around Cell
21 Signaling Membranes Lipid Bilayer Prevents Entry of Most Molecules Lipid Bilayer Organization of Bilayer Around Cell Information must move across membrane
22 Signaling Membranes Lipid Bilayer Prevents Entry of Most Molecules Lipid Bilayer Organization of Bilayer Around Cell Information must move across membrane Signal Transduction
23 Signaling
24 Signaling Simplest Signaling
25 Signaling Simplest Signaling Signal
26 Signaling Simplest Signaling Signal Response
27 Nerve System Signaling
28 Hormones
29 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages
30 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages Hormones are Made in One Part of the Body
31 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages Hormones are Made in One Part of the Body Exert Effects in Other Part of Body
32 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages Hormones are Made in One Part of the Body Exert Effects in Other Part of Body First Messengers of a Multi-component Message
33 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages Hormones are Made in One Part of the Body Exert Effects in Other Part of Body First Messengers of a Multi-component Message Numerous Chemical Forms
34 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages Hormones are Made in One Part of the Body Exert Effects in Other Part of Body First Messengers of a Multi-component Message Numerous Chemical Forms Thyroid Hormone
35 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages Hormones are Made in One Part of the Body Exert Effects in Other Part of Body First Messengers of a Multi-component Message Numerous Chemical Forms Thyroid Hormone Epinephrine
36 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages Hormones are Made in One Part of the Body Exert Effects in Other Part of Body First Messengers of a Multi-component Message Numerous Chemical Forms Thyroid Hormone Epinephrine Epidermal Growth Factor
37 Hormones Hormones Communicate Messages Hormones are Made in One Part of the Body Exert Effects in Other Part of Body First Messengers of a Multi-component Message Numerous Chemical Forms Thyroid Hormone Epinephrine Epidermal Growth Factor Progesterone
38 Introduction
39 Introduction Cellular Signaling Has Complexity
40 Introduction Cellular Signaling Has Complexity Responses Aimed at Benefitting Organism
41
42 Binding to Receptor
43 Binding to Receptor
44 Binding to Receptor Steroid Hormones Diffuse Through Membrane
45 Binding to Receptor Steroid Hormones Diffuse Through Membrane Cytosolic Receptor
46 Binding to Receptor Steroid Hormones Diffuse Through Membrane Cytosolic Receptor Receptor Binding Inside Cell
47 Binding to Receptor Steroid Hormones Diffuse Through Membrane Cytosolic Receptor Receptor Binding Inside Cell
48 Binding to Receptor Non-steroid Hormone Steroid Hormones Diffuse Through Membrane Cytosolic Receptor Receptor Binding Inside Cell
49 Binding to Receptor Receptor Binding Outside of Cell Non-steroid Hormone Steroid Hormones Diffuse Through Membrane Cytosolic Receptor Receptor Binding Inside Cell
50 Receptor Binding Outside of Cell Hormones and Signal Transduction Binding to Receptor Non-steroid Hormone Numerous Internal Message Carriers Steroid Hormones Diffuse Through Membrane Cytosolic Receptor Receptor Binding Inside Cell
51 Receptors
52 Receptors Interaction of Hormone with Receptor Changes Receptor
53 Receptors Interaction of Hormone with Receptor Changes Receptor Receptor Change Alters Interactions with Other Proteins
54 Receptors Interaction of Hormone with Receptor Changes Receptor Receptor Change Alters Interactions with Other Proteins Changes on Hormone Binding
55 Membrane-bound Receptors G-Protein Coupled Receptor
56 G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)
57 G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Almost 800 Genes in Human Genome
58 G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Almost 800 Genes in Human Genome 460 Olfactory
59 G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Almost 800 Genes in Human Genome 460 Olfactory β-adrenergic Receptor
60 G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Almost 800 Genes in Human Genome 460 Olfactory β-adrenergic Receptor Membrane Bound
61 G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Almost 800 Genes in Human Genome 460 Olfactory β-adrenergic Receptor Membrane Bound Seven Transmembrane Domains
62 G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Almost 800 Genes in Human Genome 460 Olfactory β-adrenergic Receptor Extracellular Domain Membrane Bound Seven Transmembrane Domains
63 G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Almost 800 Genes in Human Genome 460 Olfactory β-adrenergic Receptor Extracellular Domain Intracellular Domain Membrane Bound Seven Transmembrane Domains
64 GPCR Action Cycle
65 GPCR Action Cycle
66
67 Hormone
68 Hormone Binding of Hormone
69 Binding of Hormone Hormone Structural Change of Receptor
70 Binding of Hormone Hormone Structural Change of Receptor Replacement of GDP by GTP
71 Binding of Hormone Hormone Structural Change of Receptor Activation of an Enzyme Replacement of GDP by GTP
72 Binding of Hormone Hormone Structural Change of Receptor Return to Original State Activation of an Enzyme Replacement of GDP by GTP
73 Receipt of Message
74 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message
75 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message Activate Synthesis of Second Messengers
76 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message Activate Synthesis of Second Messengers Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate (IP3)
77 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message Activate Synthesis of Second Messengers Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate (IP3) Cyclic AMP (camp)
78 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message Activate Synthesis of Second Messengers Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate (IP3) Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca++ Ca Ca Cyclic AMP (camp) Calcium Ions
79 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message Activate Synthesis of Second Messengers Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate (IP3) Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca++ Ca Ca Cyclic AMP (camp) Calcium Ions Cyclic GMP (cgmp)
80 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message Activate Synthesis of Second Messengers Covalent Modification of Downstream Proteins Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate (IP3) Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca++ Ca Ca Cyclic AMP (camp) Calcium Ions Cyclic GMP (cgmp)
81 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message Activate Synthesis of Second Messengers Covalent Modification of Downstream Proteins Alteration of Gene Expression Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate (IP3) Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca++ Ca Ca Cyclic AMP (camp) Calcium Ions Cyclic GMP (cgmp)
82 Receipt of Message Membrane Receptor Proteins Internalize Message Activate Synthesis of Second Messengers Covalent Modification of Downstream Proteins Alteration of Gene Expression Change of Enzyme Activities Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate (IP3) Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca ++ Ca++ Ca Ca Cyclic AMP (camp) Calcium Ions Cyclic GMP (cgmp)
83 GPCRs and G-Proteins
84 GPCRs and G-Proteins GPCR β γ
85 GPCRs and G-Proteins GPCR Resting State β γ
86 GPCRs and G-Proteins G-Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides (GDP and GTP) GPCR Resting State β γ
87 GPCRs and G-Proteins G-Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides (GDP and GTP) Heterotrimeric - α,β,γ Subunits GPCR Resting State β γ
88 GPCRs and G-Proteins G-Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides (GDP and GTP) Heterotrimeric - α,β,γ Subunits Associate with GPCRs GPCR Resting State β γ
89 GPCRs and G-Proteins G-Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides (GDP and GTP) Heterotrimeric - α,β,γ Subunits Associate with GPCRs Altered by GPCR s Binding of Hormone GPCR Resting State β γ
90 GPCRs and G-Proteins G-Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides (GDP and GTP) Heterotrimeric - α,β,γ Subunits Associate with GPCRs Altered by GPCR s Binding of Hormone GPCR β γ Resting State Epinephrine
91 GPCRs and G-Proteins G-Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides (GDP and GTP) Heterotrimeric - α,β,γ Subunits Associate with GPCRs Altered by GPCR s Binding of Hormone Epinephrine Epinephrine β γ GPCR β γ GPCR Resting State
92 GPCRs and G-Proteins G-Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides (GDP and GTP) Heterotrimeric - α,β,γ Subunits Associate with GPCRs Altered by GPCR s Binding of Hormone Epinephrine Epinephrine β γ GPCR β γ GPCR Resting State GTP GDP
93 GPCRs and G-Proteins G-Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides (GDP and GTP) Heterotrimeric - α,β,γ Subunits Associate with GPCRs Altered by GPCR s Binding of Hormone GPCR Epinephrine β γ Epinephrine β γ GPCR Epinephrine GPCR + Resting State β γ GTP GDP Active
94 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger
95 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger
96 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger Adenylate Cyclase
97 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger Adenylate Cyclase Also Membrane Bound
98 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger Adenylate Cyclase Adenylate Cyclase Also Membrane Bound
99 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger Adenylate Cyclase Adenylate Cyclase Also Membrane Bound Activated by binding to α-subunit of G-protein
100 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger ATP Adenylate Cyclase Adenylate Cyclase camp + PPi Also Membrane Bound Activated by binding to α-subunit of G-protein
101 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger Adenylate Cyclase Adenylate Cyclase ATP Second Messenger camp + PPi Also Membrane Bound Activated by binding to α-subunit of G-protein
102 β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Creation of the Second Messenger Adenylate Cyclase Adenylate Cyclase ATP Second Messenger camp + PPi Also Membrane Bound Activated by binding to α-subunit of G-protein Transmits Signal
103 Actions of the Second Messenger 4 camp
104 Actions of the Second Messenger Protein Kinase A 4 camp
105 Actions of the Second Messenger Protein Kinase A 4 camp (Inactive)
106 Actions of the Second Messenger Protein Kinase A 4 camp (Inactive)
107 Actions of the Second Messenger Catalytic Subunits Protein Kinase A 4 camp (Inactive)
108 Actions of the Second Messenger Regulatory Subunits Catalytic Subunits Protein Kinase A 4 camp (Inactive)
109 Actions of the Second Messenger Protein Kinase A 4 camp Activated (Inactive)
110 Actions of the Second Messenger Protein Kinase A 4 camp Activated (Inactive)
111 Actions of the Second Messenger Protein Kinase A (Inactive) 4 camp Activated Activity Altered by Phosphorylation
112 Metabolic Melody
113 The Tao of Hormones (To the tune of "The Sound of Silence") Copyright Kevin Ahern Metabolic Melody
114 The Tao of Hormones (To the tune of "The Sound of Silence") Copyright Kevin Ahern Biochemistry my friend It's time to study you again Mechanisms that I need to know Are the things that really stress me so "Get these pathways planted firmly in your head," Ahern said Let's start with ep-inephrine Membrane proteins are well known Changed on binding this hormone Rearranging selves without protest Stimulating a G alpha S To go open up and displace its GDP With GTP Because of ep-inephrine Active G then moves a ways Stimulating ad cyclase So a bunch of cyclic AMP Binds to kinase and then sets it free All the active sites of the kinases await Triphosphate Because of ep-inephrine
115 The Tao of Hormones (To the tune of "The Sound of Silence") Copyright Kevin Ahern Biochemistry my friend It's time to study you again Mechanisms that I need to know Are the things that really stress me so "Get these pathways planted firmly in your head," Ahern said Let's start with ep-inephrine Membrane proteins are well known Changed on binding this hormone Rearranging selves without protest Stimulating a G alpha S To go open up and displace its GDP With GTP Because of ep-inephrine Active G then moves a ways Stimulating ad cyclase So a bunch of cyclic AMP Binds to kinase and then sets it free All the active sites of the kinases await Triphosphate Because of ep-inephrine Muscles are affected then Breaking down their glycogen So they get a wad of energy In the form of lots of G-1-P And the synthases that could make a glucose chain All refrain Because of ep-inephrine Now I've reached the pathway end Going from adrenalin Here's a trick I learned to get it right Linking memory to flight or fright So the mechanism that's the source of anxious fears Reappears When I make ep-inephrine
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