Cell (plasma) membrane
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1 Cell Membranes & Movement Across Them Cell (plasma) membrane Cells need an inside & an outside separate cell from its environment cell membrane is the boundary IN food - s - proteins - s salts O 2 H 2 O OUT waste - ammonia - salts - CO 2 - H 2 O products - proteins cell needs materials in & products or waste out Building a membrane How do you build a barrier that keeps the watery contents of the cell separate from the watery environment? What substance do you know that doesn t mix with water? FATS LIPIDS Remember: oil & water don t mix!! 1
2 Lipids of cell membrane Membrane is made of special kind of lipid phospholipids split personality attracted to water Membrane is a double layer phospholipid bilayer phosphate inside cell lipid outside cell repelled by water The Fluid Mosaic 2
3 The Fluid- Mosaic Model * We have learned: * Proteins and substances such as cholesterol become embedded in the bilayer, giving the membrane the look of a mosaic. * Because the plasma membrane has the consistency of vegetable oil at body temperature, the proteins and other substances are able to move across it. * That s why the plasma membrane is described using the fluid- mosaic model. The Fluid- Mosaic Model How do you build a semi-permeable cell membrane? Channels are made of proteins proteins both like water & like lipids bi- lipid membrane protein channels in bi- lipid membrane 3
4 Semi-permeable membrane Cell membrane controls what gets in or out Need to allow some materials but not all to pass through the membrane semi-permeable only some material can get in or out So what needs to get across the membrane? lipids aa O 2 H 2 O salt waste Crossing the cell membrane What molecules can get through the cell membrane directly? s and oils can pass directly through inside cell waste lipid salt outside cell aa H 2 O but what about other stuff? Cell membrane channels Need to make doors through the membrane protein channels allow substances in & out specific channels allow specific material in & out H 2 O channel, salt channel, channel, etc. inside cell H 2 O aa waste salt outside cell 4
5 Protein channels Proteins act as doors in the membrane channels to move specific molecules through cell membrane HIGH LOW Movement through the channel Why do molecules move through membrane if you give them HIGH? a channel?? LOW Molecules move from high to low Diffusion move from HIGH to LOW concentration 5
6 Diffusion Move from HIGH to LOW concentration passive transport no energy needed diffusion of water diffusion osmosis Simple Diffusion Move from HIGH to LOW inside cell LOW Which way will move? HIGH outside cell Facilitated Diffusion Move from HIGH to LOW through a channel inside cell LOW HIGH outside cell Which way will move? 6
7 Diffusion Move from HIGH to LOW concentration directly through membrane simple diffusion no energy needed help through a protein channel facilitated diffusion (with help) no energy needed HIGH LOW Simple vs. facilitated diffusion simple diffusion facilitated diffusion inside cell lipid inside cell H 2 O protein channel outside cell outside cell H 2 O Transport summary simple diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport ATP 7
8 11/11/14 Active transport * Cells may need molecules to move against concentration hill * need to pump uphill * from LOW to HIGH using energy * protein pump * requires energy * ATP ATP Active transport * Cells may need molecules to move against concentration hill * need to pump uphill * from LOW to HIGH using energy * protein pump * requires energy * ATP ATP 8
9 11/11/14 Passage into and out of Cells * What if we want to get something large inside or out of the cell? * endocytosis is the engulfing of substances outside of the cell, forming a vesicle that brings the substances inside the cell * exocytosis is the discharge of substances from vesicles at the cell surface Forms of Endocytosis * Phagocytosis is endocytosis of particulate (solid) matter * Pinocytosis is endocytosis of liquid matter * What organelle did we create? * Vesicles Exocytosis * What organelle would be used for this? * Vesicles 9
10 Receptor- mediated endocytosis * Transport of specific molecules into the cell involves receptor- mediated endocytosis * molecules to be transported must first bind to specific receptors in the plasma membrane Receptor- mediated endocytosis Water + Food Coloring * With your tables discuss the following demonstration. * What is happening? * Why does this happen? * What is the process called? 10
11 What have we learned? Osmosis Movement of Water Across Cell Membrane Osmosis Water is very important, so we talk about water separately Osmosis diffusion of water from HIGH concentration of water to LOW concentration of water across a semi-permeable membrane 11
12 Keeping water balance Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake & water loss freshwater balanced saltwater 1 Keeping right amount of water in cell Freshwater a cell in fresh water high concentration of water around cell cell gains water example: Paramecium problem: cells gain water, swell & can burst water continually enters Paramecium cell solution: contractile vacuole pumps water out of cell KABOOM! No problem, here freshwater 2 Keeping right amount of water in cell I m shrinking, saltwater I m shrinking! Saltwater a cell in salt water low concentration of water around cell cell loses water example: shellfish problem: cell loses water in plants: plasmolysis in animals: shrinking cell solution: take up water I will survive! 12
13 11/11/14 Controlling water Contractile vacuole in Paramecium Controlling water * Contractile vacuole in Paramecium 13
14 Introduction of Hypertonic Solution 3 Keeping right amount of water in cell Balanced conditions no difference in concentration of water between cell & environment cell in equilibrium example: blood problem: none water flows across membrane equally, in both directions volume of cell doesn t change That s balanced better! I could be better Ice Fishing in Barrow 14
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Cell (plasma) membrane
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