LIPID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
|
|
- Kelley Bradford
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 LIPID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
2 Lipid metabolism is concerned mainly with fatty acids cholesterol Source of fatty acids from dietary fat de novo synthesis from acetyl CoA derived from CH / amino acids Fatty acids may be oxidized to acetyl CoA through β-oxidation esterified with glycerol forming triacylglycerol (fat) as energy reservoir
3 Acetyl CoA formed by β-oxidation Oxidized to CO 2 + H 2 O via the citric acid cycle Precursor for synthesis of cholesterol & steroids Form ketone bodies in the liver important fuel in prolong starvation
4 esterification Triacylglycerol lipolysis Steroids Diet lipogeenesis Fatty acids β-oxidation CH, AA Acetyl CoA Cholesterol TCA Ketone bodies Overview of lipid metabolism CO2
5 LIPID METABOLISM Lipid transport Fatty acid metabolism (saturated & unsaturated fatty acids) - synthesis de novo - β-oxidation Ketogenesis Metabolism of cholesterol
6 TRANSPORT OF LIPID IN BLOOD transport as lipoprotein (after binding with protein) - to make more soluble in water medium ( blood) - protein consist of amino acids - contain - COOH and -NH2 group Lipoproteins = Lipid + Protein - triacylglycerol apoprotein - phospholipid - cholesterol
7 LIPID IN BLOOD (Lipoproteins) Chylomicron VLDL (very low / light density lipoprotein ) LDL (low / light density lipoprotein ) HDL ( high density lipoprotein )
8 Lipid transport from intestine ( exogen lipid ) - chylomicron start in intestine as nascent chylomicron, particularly contain much triacylglycerol, apob 48 dan apo A, transport in blood intra endhothelial cells of blood vessel - lipoprotein lipase, convert triacylglycerol (t.a.g) glycerol + fatty acids
9 fatty acid taken up by cells - oxidized as energy ( e.g heart muscle, skeletal muscle ) or - resynthesized to t.a.g and stored in adipose tissues glycerol taken up by cells - convert to glycerol 3- P - for resynthesis of t.a.g in adipose tissue After hydrolysis of t.a.g by lipoprotein lipase - chylomicron change to chylomicron remnant - transported back to the liver
10 Lipid transport from liver ( endogen lipid ) - VLDL from liver - transport in blood as very light density lipoprotein (VLDL) - particularly contain much t.a.g, apo B 100 intra endothelial cells of blood vessel - lipoprotein lipase, convert t.a.g fatty acid + glycerol
11 fatty acid taken up by cells - oxidized as energy or - resynthesized to t.a.g, stored in adipose tissue Glycerol taken up by cells for resynthesis of t.a.g in adipose tissues
12 after release t.a.g - VLDL change to IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein), especially contain much cholesterol Some of IDL taken up by liver cells - metabolized in liver cells another part of IDL change to LDL (low density lipoprotein) taken up by cells which need cholesterol - for membrane structure, or precursor for synthesis of steroid hormones
13 enzyme LCAT (Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase) involve in removal of excess cholesterol from tissues - transport as HDL (high density lipoprotein) transport back to the liver cholesterol excreted from liver as bile salts or resecreted as VLDL
14 FFA-albumin Postpandrial blood level of FFA-albumin In starvation FFA-albumin Increased of FFA-albumin blood level marker of lipolysis ( hydrolysis of t.a.g from adipose tissue)
15 DM (deficiency of insulin) minimally glycolysis process di-oh acetone-p - glycerol 3-P - resynthesis of t.a.g - tag were hydrolyzed - lipolysis FFA - acyl CoA - used for energy High fat, low carbohydrate intake glycolysis - fatty acid in the blood can not use for resynthesis of t.a.g FFA
16 β - OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS Oxidation/breakdown of fatty acids - on β-carbon of fatty acids Proceed in mitochondria Lipid from blood (FA) - enter cells - cytosol - activated to acyl CoA - need ATP, coenzyme A To enter mitochondria acyl CoA need carnitine
17 In matrix mitochondria, acyl CoA undergoes β- oxidation to produce acetyl CoA After each step of β-oxidation - will produced acetyl CoA + acyl CoA ( minus 2 carbon atom ) Palmitic acid ( 16 C ) - undergo 7 X β-oxidation, produce 8 acetyl CoA
18 CoA Fatty acid ATP Acyl CoA Acyl CoA FAD FADH2 RC Inner mitochondrial membrane ATP + H2O NAD NADH RC ATP + H2O Acyl CoA (- 2 C) Acetyl CoA TCA RC ATP + H2O β-oxidation of fatty acid CO 2
19 SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS (LIPOGENESIS) Fatty acids - energy for heart muscle - energy reservoir in adipose tissue Fatty acids can synthesized from glucose pyruvic acid acetyl CoA carbohydrate intake - acetyl CoA - fatty acids synthesis Occurred in cytosol Need - acetyl CoA - NADPH ( from HMP shunt )
20 Glucose Palmitate NADP + HMP shunt Malate DH Isocitrate DH NADPH + H + Malonyl CoA Pyruvate Citrate CO2 Acetyl CoA Pyruvate Acetyl CoA oxaloacetate Citrate Mitochondria CYTOSOL
21 SOURCE of NADPH for FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS HMP shunt tissues which are active in HMP shunt also active in lipogenesis liver, adipose tissue, mammary tissue during lactation, gonade Malate dehydrogenase NADP + NADPH + H + malate pyruvate CO 2 Isocitrate dehydrogenase NADP + NADPH + H + isocitrate α-ketoglutarate
22 SOURCE of ACETYL CoA for FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS from carbohydrate in the diet carbohydrate - glucose - pyruvate - enter mitochondria acetyl CoA conjugated with oxaloacetate citrate out from mitochondria enter cytosol break to oxaloacetate + acetyl coa, catalyzed by ATP-citrate lyase
23 SYNTHESIS of UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (MUFA ) MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS synthesized from saturated FA by 9 desaturase palmitic acid palmitoleic acid 16 C 16 C : 1 stearic acid oleic acid 18 C 18 C : 1
24 POLYUNSATURARATED FATTY ACIDS ( PUFA ) In human PUFA were synthesized from MU FA, addition of double bond occur between the existing double bond ( 9 ) and carboxyl group produced ω-9 In plant addition of double bonds also occur between the existing double bond and the omega (ω) carbon ω -6 : linoleic acid ( 18 C : 2) arachidonic acid ( 20 C : 3) ω -3 : linolenic acid ( 18 C : 3 ) essential fatty acids must present in the diet needed for membrane structure, component of lipoproteins, eicosanoids
25 KETOGENESIS DM Starvation High fat & low carbohydrate diet mobilization of fat from adipose tissue hydrolysis of t.a.g in adipose tissue FFA in blood enter cells - oxidized to energy via β-oxidation in mitochondria acetyl CoA converted to acetoacetate, β-oh butyrate & acetone in liver
26 Acetoacetate & β-oh butyrate were used as energy for extrahepatic tissues - convert into acetyl CoA oxidized via TCA cycle produced ATP acetone - can not oxidized to produced energy were excreted in the urine or in breath
27 N blood level of ketone bodies 1 mg / dl (= 2 mmol / L) If production of ketone bodies exceed the capacity of extrahepatic tissues to used it as energy ketone bodies blood level blood level ketonemia - urinary excretion ketonuria ketosis
28 Liver Blood Extrahepatic tissues Acyl CoA FFA Acetyl CoA Urine Ketone bodies Ketone bodies Ketone bodies Acetyl CoA Lung TCA Synthesis, oxidation and excretion of ketone bodies CO 2
29 CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM Cholesterol derived from Diet, and Biosynthesis Cholesterol only produced in animal (not in plant) Produced from acetyl CoA in liver, skin, adrenal cortex, gut, testes, aorta Acetyl CoA is the source of all C atom in cholesterol
30 CH, AA Fatty acid Acetyl CoA Aceto acetyl CoA Statin - HMG CoA HMG CoA reductase Mevalonate - Biosynthesis of cholesterol Squalene Cholesterol Bile acid Cholesterol Bile acids Steroid hormones Vitamin D Membrane structure
31 Cholesterol transported between tissues in lipoproteins excreted in bile as cholesterol or bile acids (salts) Function of cholesterol, precursor of Steroid hormone Vitamin D Bile acid
32 Cholesterol in food esterified to fatty acid In gut hydrolized to free cholesterol and fatty acids absorbed from intestine as chylomicron After triacylglycerol in chylomicron hydrolized by lipoprotein lipase, chylomicrom remnant particularly contain cholesterol transport to the liver resecreted as - VLDL - cholesterol in bile
33 Cholesterol can synthesized in liver secreted into blood as VLDL After triacylglycerol in VLDL hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase, VLDL remnant (= intermediate density lipoprotein, LDL) some are transported to the liver pathway chylomicron remnant Some of IDL convert to LDL particularly contain cholesterol
34 LDL taken up by tissue via LDL receptor - membrane structure - synthesis of hormone steroid - accumulate in tissue HDL function in removal of excess cholesterol transported back to the liver
35 Serum cholesterol is correlated with incidence of atherosclerosis & coronary heart disease Diet important in reducing serum cholesterol
36 HORMONAL INFLUENCE on LIPID MOBILIZATION INSULIN - inhibit activity of hormone-sensitive lipase - inhibit removal of FA (lipolysis) from adipose tissue - stimulate activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase - stimulate activity of CoA carboxylase - stimulate activity glycerol 3-P acyl transferase Promote lipogenesis
37 Epinephrine, norepinephrine, ACTH, MSH, TSH, GH, thyroid hormone, glucocorticoid hormone - stimulate activity of hormone-sensitive lipase Promote lipolysis
38
Lipid metabolism. Degradation and biosynthesis of fatty acids Ketone bodies
Lipid metabolism Degradation and biosynthesis of fatty acids Ketone bodies Fatty acids (FA) primary fuel molecules in the fat category main use is for long-term energy storage high level of energy storage:
More informationLipid Metabolism. Remember fats?? Triacylglycerols - major form of energy storage in animals
Remember fats?? Triacylglycerols - major form of energy storage in animals Your energy reserves: ~0.5% carbs (glycogen + glucose) ~15% protein (muscle, last resort) ~85% fat Why use fat for energy? 1 gram
More informationOxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acids
Oxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acids Dr NC Bird Oxidation of long chain fatty acids is the primary source of energy supply in man and animals. Hibernating animals utilise fat stores to maintain body heat,
More information6. How Are Fatty Acids Produced? 7. How Are Acylglycerols and Compound Lipids Produced? 8. How Is Cholesterol Produced?
Lipid Metabolism Learning bjectives 1 How Are Lipids Involved in the Generationand Storage of Energy? 2 How Are Lipids Catabolized? 3 What Is the Energy Yield from the xidation of Fatty Acids? 4 How Are
More informationFatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 1
Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 1 Mobilization of stored fats and oxidation of fatty acids Lippincott s Chapter 16 What is the first lecture about What is triacylglycerol Fatty acids structure
More information23.1 Lipid Metabolism in Animals. Chapter 23. Micelles Lipid Metabolism in. Animals. Overview of Digestion Lipid Metabolism in
Denniston Topping Caret Copyright! The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 23 Fatty Acid Metabolism Triglycerides (Tgl) are emulsified into fat droplets
More informationBCM 221 LECTURES OJEMEKELE O.
BCM 221 LECTURES BY OJEMEKELE O. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION TO LIPID CHEMISTRY STORAGE OF ENERGY IN ADIPOCYTES MOBILIZATION OF ENERGY STORES IN ADIPOCYTES KETONE BODIES AND KETOSIS PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
More informationLIPID METABOLISM
LIPID METABOLISM LIPOGENESIS LIPOGENESIS LIPOGENESIS FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS DE NOVO FFA in the blood come from :- (a) Dietary fat (b) Dietary carbohydrate/protein in excess of need FA TAG Site of synthesis:-
More informationLipid Metabolism. Catabolism Overview
Lipid Metabolism Pratt & Cornely, Chapter 17 Catabolism Overview Lipids as a fuel source from diet Beta oxidation Mechanism ATP production Ketone bodies as fuel 1 High energy More reduced Little water
More informationIntegrative Metabolism: Significance
Integrative Metabolism: Significance Energy Containing Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Catabolism Energy Depleted End Products H 2 O NH 3 ADP + Pi NAD + NADP + FAD + Pi NADH+H + NADPH+H + FADH2 Cell
More informationRoles of Lipids. principal form of stored energy major constituents of cell membranes vitamins messengers intra and extracellular
Roles of Lipids principal form of stored energy major constituents of cell membranes vitamins messengers intra and extracellular = Oxidation of fatty acids Central energy-yielding pathway in animals. O
More informationCHY2026: General Biochemistry. Lipid Metabolism
CHY2026: General Biochemistry Lipid Metabolism Lipid Digestion Lipid Metabolism Fats (triglycerides) are high metabolic energy molecules Fats yield 9.3 kcal of energy (carbohydrates and proteins 4.1 kcal)
More informationLipid Metabolism * OpenStax
OpenStax-CNX module: m46462 1 Lipid Metabolism * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you will be able
More informationLipid and Amino Acid Metabolism
CHEM 3331 Fundamentals of Biochemistry Chapter 14 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism Organic and Biochemistry for Today Spencer L. Seager / Michael R. Slabaugh Mr. Kevin A. Boudreaux Angelo State University
More informationObjectives By the end of lecture the student should:
Objectives By the end of lecture the student should: Discuss β oxidation of fatty acids. Illustrate α oxidation of fatty acids. Understand ω oxidation of fatty acids. List sources and fates of active acetate.
More informationCholesterol and its transport. Alice Skoumalová
Cholesterol and its transport Alice Skoumalová 27 carbons Cholesterol - structure Cholesterol importance A stabilizing component of cell membranes A precursor of bile salts A precursor of steroid hormones
More informationBiosynthesis of Fatty Acids. By Dr.QUTAIBA A. QASIM
Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids By Dr.QUTAIBA A. QASIM Fatty Acids Definition Fatty acids are comprised of hydrocarbon chains terminating with carboxylic acid groups. Fatty acids and their associated derivatives
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 27 Fatty Acid Degradation Dietary Lipid (Triacylglycerol) Metabolism - In the small intestine, fat particles are coated with bile
More informationFatty acids synthesis
Fatty acids synthesis The synthesis start from Acetyl COA the first step requires ATP + reducing power NADPH! even though the oxidation and synthesis are different pathways but from chemical part of view
More informationBIOL2171 ANU TCA CYCLE
TCA CYCLE IMPORTANCE: Oxidation of 2C Acetyl Co-A 2CO 2 + 3NADH + FADH 2 (8e-s donated to O 2 in the ETC) + GTP (energy) + Heat OVERVIEW: Occurs In the mitochondrion matrix. 1. the acetyl portion of acetyl-coa
More informationSynthesis and degradation of fatty acids Martina Srbová
Synthesis and degradation of fatty acids Martina Srbová martina.srbova@lfmotol.cuni.cz Fatty acids (FA) mostly an even number of carbon atoms and linear chain in esterified form as component of lipids
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Faisal Al-Khatibe
number 24 Done by Mohammed tarabieh Corrected by Doctor Faisal Al-Khatibe 1 P a g e *Please look over the previous sheet about fatty acid synthesis **Oxidation(degradation) of fatty acids, occurs in the
More informationPlasma lipoproteins & atherosclerosis by. Prof.Dr. Maha M. Sallam
Biochemistry Department Plasma lipoproteins & atherosclerosis by Prof.Dr. Maha M. Sallam 1 1. Recognize structures,types and role of lipoproteins in blood (Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL and HDL). 2. Explain
More informationChapter 22, Fatty Acid Metabolism CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 CO 2 R C C O2 CH 2 OH O R. Lipase + 3 H 2 O
hapter 22, Fatty Acid Metabolism Pages: 603-613 I. Introduction - Fatty acids have 4 major physiological roles: - omponents of phospholipids and glycolipids (membranes) - Attachment to Proteins targets
More informationANSC/NUTR 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM. Triacylglycerol and Fatty Acid Metabolism
ANSC/NUTR 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM II. Triacylglycerol synthesis A. Overall pathway Glycerol-3-phosphate + 3 Fatty acyl-coa à Triacylglycerol + 3 CoASH B. Enzymes 1. Acyl-CoA synthase 2. Glycerol-phosphate
More informationBiochemistry Sheet 27 Fatty Acid Synthesis Dr. Faisal Khatib
Page1 بسم رلاهللا On Thursday, we discussed the synthesis of fatty acids and its regulation. We also went on to talk about the synthesis of Triacylglycerol (TAG). Last time, we started talking about the
More informationCholesterol metabolism. Function Biosynthesis Transport in the organism Hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol metabolism Function Biosynthesis Transport in the organism Hypercholesterolemia - component of all cell membranes - precursor of bile acids steroid hormones vitamin D Cholesterol Sources: dietary
More informationFatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 1
Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 1 Mobilization of stored fats and oxidation of fatty acids Lippincott s Chapter 16 What is the first lecture about What is triacylglycerol Fatty acids structure
More informationIntegration Of Metabolism
Integration Of Metabolism Metabolism Consist of Highly Interconnected Pathways The basic strategy of catabolic metabolism is to form ATP, NADPH, and building blocks for biosyntheses. 1. ATP is the universal
More informationAMINO ACID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
AMINO ACID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI Amino acids derived from dietary protein absorbed from intestine through blood taken up by tissues used for biosynthesis
More informationANSC/NUTR 618 Lipids & Lipid Metabolism
I. Overall concepts A. Definitions ANC/NUTR 618 Lipids & Lipid Metabolism 1. De novo synthesis = synthesis from non-fatty acid precursors a. Carbohydrate precursors (glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) b.
More informationBiosynthesis of Triacylglycerides (TG) in liver. Mobilization of stored fat and oxidation of fatty acids
Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerides (TG) in liver Mobilization of stored fat and oxidation of fatty acids Activation of hormone sensitive lipase This enzyme is activated when phosphorylated (3,5 cyclic AMPdependent
More informationSummary of fatty acid synthesis
Lipid Metabolism, part 2 1 Summary of fatty acid synthesis 8 acetyl CoA + 14 NADPH + 14 H+ + 7 ATP palmitic acid (16:0) + 8 CoA + 14 NADP + + 7 ADP + 7 Pi + 7 H20 1. The major suppliers of NADPH for fatty
More informationOVERVIEW M ET AB OL IS M OF FR EE FA TT Y AC ID S
LIPOLYSIS LIPOLYSIS OVERVIEW CATABOLISM OF FREE FATTY ACIDS Nonesterified fatty acids Source:- (a) breakdown of TAG in adipose tissue (b) action of Lipoprotein lipase on plasma TAG Combined with Albumin
More informationLecture 16. Finish lipid metabolism (Triglycerides, Isoprenoids/Steroids, Glyoxylate cycle) Amino acid metabolism (Urea cycle) Google Man III
Lecture 16 Finish lipid metabolism (Triglycerides, Isoprenoids/Steroids, Glyoxylate cycle) Amino acid metabolism (Urea cycle) Google Man III The Powertrain of Human Metabolism (verview) CARBHYDRATES PRTEINS
More informationLecture 36. Key Concepts. Overview of lipid metabolism. Reactions of fatty acid oxidation. Energy yield from fatty acid oxidation
Lecture 36 Lipid Metabolism 1 Fatty Acid Oxidation Ketone Bodies Key Concepts Overview of lipid metabolism Reactions of fatty acid oxidation Energy yield from fatty acid oxidation Formation of ketone bodies
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor F. Al-Khateeb
number 23 Done by A. Rawajbeh Corrected by Doctor F. Al-Khateeb Ketone bodies Ketone bodies are used by the peripheral tissues like the skeletal and cardiac muscles, where they are the preferred source
More informationMETABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI 1 METABOLISM Process of how cells acquire, transform, store and use energy Study of the chemistry, regulation and energetics
More informationDietary Lipid Metabolism
Dietary Lipid Metabolism Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry II Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy OVERVIEW Lipids are a heterogeneous group.
More informationFatty Acid Degradation. Catabolism Overview. TAG and FA 11/11/2015. Chapter 27, Stryer Short Course. Lipids as a fuel source diet Beta oxidation
Fatty Acid Degradation Chapter 27, Stryer Short Course Catabolism verview Lipids as a fuel source diet Beta oxidation saturated Unsaturated dd chain Ketone bodies as fuel Physiology High energy More reduced
More informationSynthesis of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerol
Synthesis of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerol Lippincott s Chapter 16 Fatty Acid Synthesis Mainly in the Liver Requires Carbon Source: Acetyl CoA Reducing Power: NADPH 8 CH 3 COO C 15 H 33 COO Energy Input:
More informationAhmad Ulnar. Faisal Nimri ... Dr.Faisal
24 Ahmad Ulnar Faisal Nimri... Dr.Faisal Fatty Acid Synthesis - Occurs mainly in the Liver (to store excess carbohydrates as triacylglycerols(fat)) and in lactating mammary glands (for the production of
More informationBCH 4054 Spring 2001 Chapter 24 Lecture Notes
BCH 4054 Spring 2001 Chapter 24 Lecture Notes 1 Chapter 24 Fatty Acid Catabolism 2 Fatty Acids as Energy Source Triglycerides yield 37 kj/g dry weight Protein 17 kj/g Glycogen 16 kj/g (even less wet weight)
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Faisal Al-Khatib
number 22 Done by Baraa Ayed Corrected by Yaseen Fatayer Doctor Faisal Al-Khatib 1 P a g e Today we are going to cover these concepts: Oxidation of odd number fatty acids Oxidation of very long fatty acids
More informationMBG304 Biochemistry Lecture 8- Metabolism: Lipid metabolism. Hikmet Geçkil, Professor Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Inonu University
MBG304 Biochemistry Lecture 8- Metabolism: Lipid metabolism Hikmet Geçkil, Professor Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Inonu University In the past few lectures we have seen how energy can be
More informationChemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide
Chemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide Chapter 12 12.1 Identify and differentiate between macronutrients (lipids, amino acids and saccharides) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Master Tutor Section
More informationBIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS. doc. Ing. Zenóbia Chavková, CSc.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS doc. Ing. Zenóbia Chavková, CSc. The pathway for the of FAs is not the reversal of the oxidation pathway Both pathways are separated within different cellular compartments In
More informationChapter 26 Biochemistry 5th edition. phospholipids. Sphingolipids. Cholesterol. db=books&itool=toolbar
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? db=books&itool=toolbar 1 The surface of a soap bubble is a bilayer formed by detergent molecules 2 Chapter 26 Biochemistry 5th edition phospholipids Sphingolipids
More informationFatty acid breakdown
Fatty acids contain a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group. Most contain between 14 and 24 carbon atoms. The chains may be saturated or contain double bonds. The complete oxidation of
More informationINTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY. BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007
INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007 Name SIS # Make sure that your name or SIS # is on every page. This is the only way we have of matching you with your exam after
More informationPhysiology Unit 1 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
Physiology Unit 1 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS Alternate Fuel Sources When glucose levels are low Proteins and Triglycerides will be metabolized Tissues will use different fuel sources depending on:
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor
number 20 Done by Corrected by Rana Ghassan Doctor Only 4 questions in the mid-term exam are based on the 4 lectures to be given by Dr Faisal. Dr Faisal will give us 10 lectures, the first 4 are included
More informationLeen Alsahele. Razan Al-zoubi ... Faisal
25 Leen Alsahele Razan Al-zoubi... Faisal last time we started talking about regulation of fatty acid synthesis and degradation *regulation of fatty acid synthesis by: 1- regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase
More informationINTEGRATION OF METABOLISM
SIBC511- INTEGRATION OF METABOLISM Assistant Professor Dr. Chatchawan Srisawat INTEGRATION OF METABOLISM INTEGRATION OF METABOLISM Dietary intake Fed state Fasting state The metabolism of carbohydrate,
More informationPoints 1. Following is the overall reaction catalyzed by the Calvin-Benson cycle:
BCH 4054 February 22, 2002 HOUR TEST 2 NAME_ Points 1. Following is the overall reaction catalyzed by the Calvin-Benson cycle: CO 2 + 3ATP + 2NADPH 1/3 glyceraldehyde-3-p + 3ADP + 2NADP + Give the structures
More informationSynthesis of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerol
Fatty Acid Synthesis Synthesis of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerol Requires Carbon Source: Reducing Power: NADPH Energy Input: ATP Why Energy? Why Energy? Fatty Acid Fatty Acid + n(atp) ΔG o : -ve Fatty
More information#16 made by Nour omar corrected by laith sorour date 17/11
Lipid metabolism 2 #16 made by Nour omar corrected by laith sorour date 17/11 Keton Bodies Ketone bodies: acetone, -hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate formed principally in the liver mitochondria. can be
More informationLecture 16. Finish lipid metabolism (Triglycerides, Isoprenoids/Steroids, Glyoxylate cycle) Amino acid metabolism (Urea cycle) Google Man III
Lecture 16 Finish lipid metabolism (Triglycerides, Isoprenoids/Steroids, Glyoxylate cycle) Amino acid metabolism (Urea cycle) Google Man III The Powertrain of Human Metabolism (verview) CARBHYDRATES PRTEINS
More informationthe fates of acetyl coa which produced by B oixidation :
Ketone bodies the fates of acetyl coa which produced by B oixidation : 1) oxidized at the TCA cycle 2)synthesis of ketone bodies Ketone bodies : 1)acetoacetate 2) acetone 3) 3_hydroxybutyrate Naming acetonacetone:
More informationMILK BIOSYNTHESIS PART 3: FAT
MILK BIOSYNTHESIS PART 3: FAT KEY ENZYMES (FROM ALL BIOSYNTHESIS LECTURES) FDPase = fructose diphosphatase Citrate lyase Isocitrate dehydrogenase Fatty acid synthetase Acetyl CoA carboxylase Fatty acyl
More informationIntegration & Hormone Regulation
Integration Branchpoints in metabolism where metabolites can go several directions 1. Glucose 6-phosphate Energy needed (low energy charge): glycolysis Low blood sugar: high [glucagon], low [insulin] glycogen
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 28 Fatty Acid Synthesis 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 28 Outline 1. The first stage of fatty acid synthesis is transfer
More informationPart III => METABOLISM and ENERGY. 3.4 Lipid Catabolism 3.4a Fatty Acid Degradation 3.4b Ketone Bodies
Part III => METABOLISM and ENERGY 3.4 Lipid Catabolism 3.4a Fatty Acid Degradation 3.4b Ketone Bodies Section 3.4a: Fatty Acid Degradation Synopsis 3.4a - Triglycerides (or fats) in the diet or adipose
More informationBASIC SCIENCES & BIOCHEMISTRY FOR BETZPAENIC BRIMBLERS
BASIC SCIENCES & BIOCHEMISTRY FOR BETZPAENIC BRIMBLERS Lymphatic Vessels One main lymph vessel receives lymph from the right upper arm and the right side of the head and the thorax and empties into the
More informationMetabolism. Chapter 5. Catabolism Drives Anabolism 8/29/11. Complete Catabolism of Glucose
8/29/11 Metabolism Chapter 5 All of the reactions in the body that require energy transfer. Can be divided into: Cell Respiration and Metabolism Anabolism: requires the input of energy to synthesize large
More informationIntermediary metabolism. Eva Samcová
Intermediary metabolism Eva Samcová Metabolic roles of tissues Four major tissues play a dominant role in fuel metabolism : liver, adipose, muscle, and brain. These tissues do not function in isolation.
More informationFatty acid oxidation. doc. Ing. Zenóbia Chavková, CSc.
Fatty acid oxidation doc. Ing. Zenóbia Chavková, CSc. Physiological functions of fatty acids 1. Structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids and sphingolipids) 2. Energy storage (triacylglycerols)
More informationBiochemistry. 5.3) Fat Metabolism
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.3) Fat Metabolism Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese Lipids Metabolism Introduction basic physiological background info 1 Definition of Lipids Substances in dairy foods Known
More informationMedical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department
Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department Cardiac Fuels [Sources of energy for the Cardiac muscle] Intended learning outcomes of the lecture: By the end of this lecture you would be able to:-
More informationChapter 16 - Lipid Metabolism
Chapter 16 - Lipid Metabolism Fatty acids have four major physiologic roles in the cell: Building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids Added onto proteins to create lipoproteins, which targets them
More information2-more complex molecules (fatty acyl esters) as triacylglycerols.
** Fatty acids exist in two forms:- 1-free fatty acids (unesterified) 2-more complex molecules (fatty acyl esters) as triacylglycerols. ** most tissues might use fatty acids as source of energy during
More informationCitric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism. Entry of Pyruvate into the TCA cycle
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylcoa In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final
More informationLecture 5: Cell Metabolism. Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross
Lecture 5: Cell Metabolism Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross Cellular Respiration Set of reactions that take place during the conversion of nutrients into ATP Intricate regulatory relationship between several
More informationLehninger 5 th ed. Chapter 17
Lehninger 5 th ed. Chapter 17 December 26, 2010 Prof. Shimon Schuldiner Email: Shimon.Schuldiner@huji.ac.il Phone: 6585992 CHAPTER 17 Fatty Acid Catabolism Key topics: How fats are digested in animals
More informationCH395G FINAL (3 rd ) EXAM Kitto/Hackert - Fall 2003
CH395G FINAL (3 rd ) EXAM Kitto/Hackert - Fall 2003 1. A cell in an active, catabolic state has a. a high (ATP/ADP) and a high (NADH/NAD + ) ratio b. a high (ATP/ADP) and a low (NADH/NAD + ) ratio c. a
More informationCompanion to Biosynthesis of Ketones & Cholesterols, Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Lecture Notes
Companion to Biosynthesis of Ketones & Cholesterols, Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Lecture Notes The major site of acetoacetate and 3-hydorxybutyrate production is in the liver. 3-hydorxybutyrate is the
More informationChapter 24 Lecture Outline
Chapter 24 Lecture Outline Carbohydrate Lipid and Protein! Metabolism! In the catabolism of carbohydrates, glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, which is then metabolized into acetyl CoA. Prepared
More informationIntegration of Metabolism 1. made by: Noor M. ALnairat. Sheet No. 18
Integration of Metabolism 1 made by: Noor M. ALnairat Sheet No. 18 Data :24/11/2016 SLIDE 2: Metabolism Consist of Highly Interconnected Pathways The basic strategy of catabolic metabolism is to form ATP,
More informationCHY2026: General Biochemistry UNIT 7& 8: CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
CHY2026: General Biochemistry UNIT 7& 8: CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Metabolism Bioenergetics is the transfer and utilization of energy in biological systems The direction and extent to which a chemical reaction
More informationTHE GLUCOSE-FATTY ACID-KETONE BODY CYCLE Role of ketone bodies as respiratory substrates and metabolic signals
Br. J. Anaesth. (1981), 53, 131 THE GLUCOSE-FATTY ACID-KETONE BODY CYCLE Role of ketone bodies as respiratory substrates and metabolic signals J. C. STANLEY In this paper, the glucose-fatty acid cycle
More informationUnit IV Problem 3 Biochemistry: Cholesterol Metabolism and Lipoproteins
Unit IV Problem 3 Biochemistry: Cholesterol Metabolism and Lipoproteins - Cholesterol: It is a sterol which is found in all eukaryotic cells and contains an oxygen (as a hydroxyl group OH) on Carbon number
More informationBiol 219 Lec 7 Fall 2016
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy to form ATP Cellular Respiration and Metabolism Glucose ATP Pyruvate Lactate Acetyl CoA NAD + Introducing The Players primary substrate for cellular respiration
More informationLipids digestion and absorption, Biochemistry II
Lipids digestion and absorption, blood plasma lipids, lipoproteins Biochemistry II Lecture 1 2008 (J.S.) Triacylglycerols (as well as free fatty acids and both free and esterified cholesterol) are very
More informationANSC/NUTR 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM. Fatty Acid Elongation and Desaturation
ANSC/NUTR 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM I. Fatty acid elongation A. General 1. At least 60% of fatty acids in triacylglycerols are C18. 2. Free palmitic acid (16:0) synthesized in cytoplasm is elongated
More informationANSC/NUTR 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM Lipoprotein Metabolism
ANSC/NUTR 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM Lipoprotein Metabolism I. Chylomicrons (exogenous pathway) A. 83% triacylglycerol, 2% protein, 8% cholesterol plus cholesterol esters, 7% phospholipid (esp. phosphatidylcholine)
More informationGENERAL FEATURES OF FATTY ACIDS BIOSYNTHESIS
1 GENERAL FEATURES OF FATTY ACIDS BIOSYNTHESIS 1. Fatty acids may be synthesized from dietary glucose via pyruvate. 2. Fatty acids are the preferred fuel source for the heart and the primary form in which
More informationTutorial 27: Metabolism, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain
Tutorial 27: Metabolism, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain Goals: To be able to describe the overall catabolic pathways for food molecules. To understand what bonds are hydrolyzed in the digestion
More informationIntegration Of Metabolism
Integration Of Metabolism Metabolism Consist of Highly Interconnected Pathways The basic strategy of catabolic metabolism is to form ATP, NADPH, and building blocks for biosyntheses. 1. ATP is the universal
More informationFatty acid synthesis. Dr. Nalini Ganesan M.Sc., Ph.D Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry SRMC & RI (DU) Porur, Chennai - 116
Fatty acid synthesis Dr. Nalini Ganesan M.Sc., Ph.D Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry SRMC & RI (DU) Porur, Chennai 116 Harper s biochemistry 24 th ed, Pg 218 Fatty acid Synthesis Known as
More informationOVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins), are our only source
More informationCHM333 LECTURE 34: 11/30 12/2/09 FALL 2009 Professor Christine Hrycyna
Lipid Metabolism β-oxidation FA Acetyl-CoA Triacylglycerols (TAGs) and glycogen are the two major forms of stored energy in vertebrates Glycogen can supply ATP for muscle contraction for less than an hour
More informationBiochemistry 7/11/ Bio-Energetics & ATP. 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins),
More informationEnergy metabolism - the overview
Energy metabolism - the overview Josef Fontana EC - 40 Overview of the lecture Important terms of the energy metabolism The overview of the energy metabolism The main pathways of the energy metabolism
More informationChapter VIII: Dr. Sameh Sarray Hlaoui
Chapter VIII: Dr. Sameh Sarray Hlaoui Lipoproteins a Lipids are insoluble in plasma. In order to be transported they are combined with specific proteins to form lipoproteins: Clusters of proteins and lipids.
More informationMBB 694:407, 115:511 Name Third Exam Niederman, Deis. Please use BLOCK CAPITAL letters like this --- A, B, C, D, E. Not lowercase!
MBB 694:407, 115:511 Name Third Exam Niederman, Deis Wed. Nov. 22, 2006 Row Letter Seat Number This exam consists of two parts. Part I is multiple choice. Each of these 25 questions is worth two points.
More informationPhysiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004
Name Write your name on the back of the exam Physiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004 This examination consists of forty-four questions, each having 2 points. The remaining
More informationBiochemistry - I SPRING Mondays and Wednesdays 9:30-10:45 AM (MR-1307) Lectures Based on Profs. Kevin Gardner & Reza Khayat
Biochemistry - I Mondays and Wednesdays 9:30-10:45 AM (MR-1307) SPRING 2017 Lectures 21-22 Based on Profs. Kevin Gardner & Reza Khayat 1 Outline Vertebrate processing of dietary lipids Mobilization of
More informationLipids: Lipid functions: Classification of lipids:
Lipids: Are heterogeneous group of compounds related to the fatty acids. Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in aqueous solutions and soluble in organic solvents(ether,chloroform,and benzene),
More information