InternationalJournalofAgricultural

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1 IJASVM InternationalJournalofAgricultural SciencesandVeterinaryMedicine ISSN: Vol.4,No.3,August2016

2 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Renuka K K et al., 2016 Research Paper ISSN Vol. 4, No. 3, August All Rights Reserved COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN NATIVE CATTLE BREEDS OF KERALA Renuka K K 1, Beena V 2* and Jayavardhanan K K 3 *Corresponding Author: Beena V, beena10030@rediffmail.com Adult, female, non-pregnant cattle from Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cattle (11 numbers each) maintained under uniform management and nutritional conditions were selected from the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy for this study. Blood collected, serum separated and the serum biochemical parameters - Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea (BUN), Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, Creatinine, Phosphorus and Calcium - were estimated. The concentrations of Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea (BUN), Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, Creatinine, Phosphorus and Calcium in Kasargod dwarf cattle were found to be 8.89 ± 0.47 g/dl, 3.92 ± 0.23 g/dl, 4.97 ± 0.37 g/dl, ± 1.95 mg/dl, ± mg/dl, ± 5.77 mg/dl, ± mg/dl,, 1.37 ± 0.08 mg/dl, 9.11 ± 2.04 mg/dl and 7.56 ± 1.5 mg/dl respectively. The serum concentrations of Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea (BUN), Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, Creatinine, Phosphorus and Calcium in Vechur cattle were estimated to be 9.53 ± 0.59 g/dl, 4.16 ± 0.12 g/dl, 5.37 ± 0.57 g/dl, ± 1.95 mg/dl, ± mg/dl, ± 2.63 mg/dl, ± mg/dl, 1.29 ± 0.08 mg/dl, ± 1.14 mg/dl and 5.70 ± 0.87 mg/dl respectively. On comparing the biochemical values of both Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cattle, only Phosphorus concentrations were found` to be significantly varying (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z = 1.492, p-value = 0.023). Keywords: Dwarf, Vechur, Serum, Biochemical parameters INTRODUCTION The two native cattle breeds of Kerala, Vechur and Kasargod dwarf are well known for their adaptability to hot, humid tropical conditions prevailing in our state. Besides, the low management cost and lesser nutritional requirements, the better disease resistance potential is also contributing to their increasing acceptance among the farmers. Nowadays researches are going on all over the country to 1 M.Sc. Scholar (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, CVAS, Mannuthy, Kerala, India. 2 Assistant Professor Department of Veterinary Physiology, CVAS, Mannuthy, Kerala, India. 3 Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, CVAS, Mannuthy, Kerala, India. 25

3 tap the genetic potential of native livestock breeds for developing sustainable livestock management systems compatible to different agro-climatic zones. In this regard these two native breeds also have gained the attention of the scientific community. Besides Vechur cattle is the smallest cattle breed of the world as per the Guinness World record. Though the massive adoption of cross breeding policy has brought these animals to the verge of extinction, awareness has been created now to conserve these animals for protecting the biodiversity. As a pioneer step, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University is maintaining a collection of Kasaragod dwarf and Vechur cattle under the supervision of Centre for Advanced Studies in Animal Genetics and Breeding (CASAGB). Although research have been undertaken to evaluate the genetic potentials of these animals, no reports were available on the basic biochemical parameters Biochemical characterisation of any animal species is a must for further biological research on the respective species. Serum biochemical data of physiologically normal animals are inevitable for the diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Mc Dowell (1992) reported that biochemical parameters were the deciding factors of physiological function and their deficiencies would result in abnormal health conditions of the animal. Although scientific proofs are not available, medicinal properties are also attributed to the milk and milk products of these animals. Because of this reason the milk of such indigenous animals are more preferred in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. Awareness on the basic biochemical data will be of great help in the quality assessment studies of the animal products from these breeds. Moreover the biochemical data commonly used now for reference were mainly estimated from exotic cattle. Ekman et al. (1976) defined the normal value of serum biochemistry as those determined from animals free from any disease, maintained under the similar management and nutritional conditions and of the same physiological state. So a true assessment of the health status of an animal is possible only in comparison with an apparently healthy animal of similar genetic, physiological, management and nutritional background. In this regard this study was formulated with the objective of estimating certain biochemical parameters in Vechur and Kasargod dwarf cattle breeds of Kerala and also to compare the serum biochemistry of these two native cattle breeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out for a period from May to June 2015 in clinically healthy, female, adult and non-pregnant Vechur and Kasargod dwarf cattle maintained at uniform management and nutritional status at the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy. Blood samples were collected from 11 numbers of each Vechur and Kasaragod Dwarf cattle by jugular vein puncture using sterile needle. After clotting serum were separated by centrifugation of 3000 rpm for 30 min. and serum transferred to dry clean tubes for storage at -20 o C until further evaluation. Albumin, Globulin, Total protein, Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Triglycerides, Urea, Creatinine and Calcium Phosphorus were estimated from the serum with semi auto analyser (Hospitex Master T, Italy) using respective kits (Coral Clinical systems Pvt. Ltd. Goa). Before conducting the comparison tests it was tested whether the sample in each group was normally distributed or not. Shapiro-Wilk test of 26

4 normality was used to test the null hypothesis that the sample was from normally distributed population. For the variables which were normally distributed, independent sample t-test was used for comparison of their biochemical data. For the variables which were not normally distributed, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the data. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS ( ). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The mean values of serum biochemical parameters observed were given in the Table 1. Table 1: Mean Values of Serum Biochemical Parameters Parameter Estimated Group Mean ± SE Total Protein Kasargod dwarf ± (g/dl) Vechur ± Albumin Kasargod dwarf ± (g/dl) Vechur ± Globulin Kasargod dwarf ± (g/dl) Vechur ± Urea (BUN) Kasargod dwarf ± mg/dl Vechur ± Cholesterol Kasargod dwarf ± mg/dl Vechur ± HDL Kasargod dwarf ± mg/dl Vechur ± LDL Kasargod dwarf ± mg/dl Vechur ± Triglycerides Kasargod dwarf ± mg/dl Vechur ± Creatinine Kasargod dwarf ± mg/dl Vechur ± Calcium Kasargod dwarf ± mg/dl Vechur ± Phosphorus Kasargod dwarf ± mg/dl Vechur ± Normality of distribution in each group was tested by Shapiro-Wilk test. The results of Shapiro-Wilk test of normality revealed that out of the observed parameters urea (BUN), triglycerides, creatinine, phosphorus and calcium were not normally distributed (rejected the null hypothesis as the p-value is less than 0.05). All other variables were normally distributed. The variables which were normally distributed were subjected to independent sample t-test to test the null hypothesis that there was no statistically significant difference in mean of the study variables (total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, HDL and LDL) among the Kasargod dwarf cows and Vechur cows of Kerala. For the variables which were not normally distributed, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the null hypothesis that the samples were drawn from the same distribution. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in mean urea (BUN), triglycerides, creatinine and calcium among the Kasaragod dwarf cows and Vechur cows of Kerala. But there was significant difference in mean phosphorus (Kolmogorov- Smirnov Z = 1.492, p-value = 0.023) among the Kasargod dwarf cows and Vechur cows of Kerala. Serum total protein concentration (g/dl) in healthy female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cows were found to be ± and ± respectively and no significant difference was observed between the serum protein levels of these two breeds. This result was supported by the findings of Wadhwa and Prasad (2002), Ahamed et al. (2004), Gokce et al. (2004), Kapale et al. (2008) and Treesamol and Saseendranath (2014) in different breeds of cattle. These observations clearly indicated that the Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cattle possess 27

5 the same range of serum total protein concentrations as already reported. The concentration of albumin (g/dl) in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cow were obtained as 3.92 ± and 4.15 ± respectively and the values were not varying significantly. This finding was supported by the reports of Soodan et al. (2004), Aikhuomobhogbe et al. (2006), Kapale et al. (2008), Leonidis et al. (2010) and Treesamol and Saseendranath (2014). Upadhyay and Kumar (2003) and Dwivedi et al. (2004) reported lesser values for albumin in cattle whereas Gokce et al. (2004) reported higher values. The concentrations of globulin (g/dl) in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cow obtained were 4.9 ± 0.37 and 5.37 ± 0.57 g/dl. This was in agreement with the findings of Kumar et al. (2001), Kapale et al. (2008), Hossain et al. (2013) and Treesamol and Saseendranath (2014). But the present finding was not supported by the values reported from other ruminant species (Aikhuomobhogbe et al., 2006; and Opara et al., 2010). The results clearly indicated that within a species serum globulin level was not altered due to differences in breed or geographic location where the animals are reared. Serum creatinine content (mg/dl) in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cows were found to be 1.36 ± 0.07 and 1.29 ± respectively. This finding was in agreement with the findings of Wadhwa and Prasad (2002), Treesamol and Saseendranath (2014), Gokce et al. (2004) and Sreedhar et al. (2013). Rosef et al. (2004) found higher concentration of creatinine in red deer and Opara et al. (2011) found lower creatinine concentration in goats. Here also serum creatinine levels of cows are not influenced by the breed differences. Cholesterol concentration (mg/dl) in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cow obtained as ± 10.96, ± respectively. These values were higher compared to the reported values in cattle (Wadhwa et al., 2001; and Hossain et al., 2013) and in goats by Sharma and Dimri (2003). Kapale et al. (2008) reported a higher cholesterol value in Gaolao adult cattle ( ± 11.90). Whether the comparatively higher cholesterol content in the two breeds studied is related to the better adaptability potentials or to a higher milk fat per cent needs to be clarified by further research. The concentration of HDL (mg/dl) in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf found to be ± 5.76 and in Vechur cow ± The concentration of LDL (mg/ dl) in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf found to be ± 6.88 and in Vechur cow ± 6.7. No reports could be traced on the serum HDL and LDL levels of cattle to compare this result. The concentration of triglycerides (mg/dl) in healthy adult female nonpregnant Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cattle were found to be ± 5.18 and ± 4.28 respectively. This finding was not in agreement with Nath et al. (2014) who reported lesser value in cattle. The lipid profile of both Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cattle were not showing any statistically significant difference on comparison. Since the estimated values for total cholesterol and triglycerides were not in agreement with the already reported values (Wadhwa et al., 2001; and Hussain et al., 2013), it can be inferred that these native cattle breeds of Kerala are unique in their serum lipid content and that can have a 28

6 correlation with the higher milk fat content of these breeds. The concentration of urea (BUN) in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cow were obtained as ± 1.94 mg/ dl and ± 3.94 mg/dl respectively and these values were not significantly different from each other. These findings in the present investigation are in accordance with the results of Soodan et al. (2004) but not in agreement with Wadhawa et al. (2001), Wadhwa and Prasad (2002) and Dwivedi et al. (2004) who reported lesser values. The higher total protein level and the higher BUN level in these indigenous animals indicate a better health status and proper protein utilisation capacity of these animals. Calcium concentration (mg/dl) of serum in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf and Vechur were found to be 7.55 ± 1.52 and 5.69 ± 0.87 respectively and the values were not significantly different between species. The values were more or less in agreement with the reported values (Kumar et al., 2003; Gockce et al., 2004; Akhtar et al., 2008; Hussain et al., 2013; Bademkiran et al., 2008; Sreedhar et al., 2013; and Treesam ol and Saseendranath, 2014). The concentration of phosphorus (mg/ dl) in healthy adult female non-pregnant Kasargod dwarf cow was found to be 9.11± 2.04 and that of Vechur cow was ± On comparison serum phosphorus levels in these two breeds were found to be significantly different (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z = 1.492, p- value = 0.023). This finding was not in agreement with the findings of Wadhawa et al. (2001), Dwivedi et al. (2004), Akhtar et al. (2008), Bademkiran et al. (2008), Akinrinmade and Akinrinde (2012), Hussain et al. (2013) and Pal and Bhatta (2013), Treesamol and Saseendranath and Sreedhar et al. (2013). In the present study the estimated values in both breeds were very high compared to the reported values. The interpretation of this variation is possible only with the estimation of phosphorus levels of feed and water. Since phosphorus is very much involved in the bone health and fertility of the animal further studies are needed with varying levels of dietary phosphorus to fix the optimum dietary phosphorus for these animals. CONCLUSION The serum levels of the estimated biochemical parameters except phosphorus levels were not showing statistically significant difference between Kasargod Dwarf and Vechur cattle. Except for total cholesterol, triglyceride and phosphorus concentrations all other parameters observed were in accordance with the already reported values in cattle. Reason behind the varying phosphors concentration in these two breeds could not be explained. Further studies are also required to establish the correlation between the high lipid content and the high milk fat percent in these breeds. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are immensely grateful to the Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University and the Dean, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy for providing the financial help and physical facilities for conducting the research. REFERENCES 1. Ahamed I, Lodhi L A and Younis M (2004), Studies on Blood Glucose, Total Protein, Urea and Cholesterol Levels in Cyclic, Noncyclic and Endometritic Crossbred Cows, Pak. Vet. J., Vol. 24, No. 2, pp

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