Oxidative phosphorylation

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Oxidative phosphorylation"

Transcription

1 OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

2

3 Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative reaction Coupled by phosphorylation to the generation of high energy intermediate (ATP or other high phosphagen) Oxidative phosphorylation at resp chain level via NADH D-ases form 3 mol ATP and via flavoprotein D-ases form 2 mol ATP Phosphorylations at the substrate level captured smaller energy eg:a) High energy phosphates are captured in kreb s cycle during the conversion of succinyl Co- A to succinate. And b) in glycolytic reactions on cytoplasmic.

4 Respiratory chain Enzyme complexes in mitochondria collects and transports reducing equivalents directing them to final reaction with oxygen form water and ATP Reducing equivalents flow through from redox potential negative to positive There are 4 enzyme complexes: - NADH-Q dehydrogenase / I - Succinate-Q dehydrogenase / II - Cytochromes dehydrogenase / III - Cytochrome oxidase / IV

5 DEHYDROGENASE DEHYDROGENASE DEHYDROGENASE OXIDASE AH 2 (Red) Carrier 1 (Ox) Carrier 2 (Red) Carrier 3 (Ox) H 2 O A (Ox) Carrier-H 2 1 (Red) Carrier 2 (Ox) Carrier-H 2 3 (Red) 1 / 2 O 2 Oxidation of a metabolite by dehydrogenases and finally by an oxidase in a respiratory chain

6 AH 2 Substrate A NAD + FpH 2 Flavoprotein 2Fe 3 + Cytochrome s NADH Fp 2Fe 2 + H + H + 2H + 2H+ H 2 O 1 / 2 O 2 Transport of reducing equivalents through the respiratory chain

7

8 Mitochondrial Powerhouses of the cell most of energy captured takes place inside it Outer membrane permeable to most metabolites, contain various enzym (acyl Co- A synthetase, glycerolphosphate acyltransferase ) Inner membrane selectively permeable Matrix contain phospholipid cardiolipin together with enzymes of resp chain Intermembrane space has similar composition with cytoplasmic and contain adenylyl kinase and creatine kinase

9 B A Phosphorylating complexes B OUTER MEMBRANE INNER MEMBRANE MATRIX F 1 subunits F 0 subunits MATRIX Cristae Sonication INNER MEMBRANE OUTER MEMBRANE Submitochondrial particel Formed from fragments of the inner membrance

10 Respiratory chain Not all substrates are linked to resp chain through NADH-D-ase Co-Q (ubiquinone) mobile component, collects reducing equivalents from flavoprotein complexes and passes them on to cytochrome b (the lowest redox pot) Cytochrome oxidase has a very high affinity for oxygen resp chain to function at maximum rate until tissue depleted of O 2 irreversible reaction

11 Pyruvat e Lipoate Fp (FAD) Proline 3-Hydroxyacyl- CoA 3- Hydroxybutyrate Glutamate Malate Isocitrate NADH Fp (FMN) FeS Succin ate Cholin e Fp (FAD) FeS Q Cyt b FeS Cyt c 1 Cyt c Cyt aa 3 Cu O 2 - Ketoglutarate Glycerol 3-phosphate Fp (FAD) FeS FeS ETF (FAD) Fp (FAD) Acyl-CoA Sarcosine Dimethylglycin FeS ETF Fp Q Cyt : Iron-sulfur protein : Electrontransferring flavoprotein : Flavoprotein : Ubiquinone : Cytochrome

12 Resp chain & oxd phos inhibitors Inhibitors of resp chain 1. Blocking electrons transfer from Fe-S to co-q, ie: barbiturates, pierisidin-a, rotenon, carboxine, succinate D ase competitive inhibitor: malonate 2. Blocking electrons transfer from cty b to cyt c, ie: dimercaprol, antimycin A 3. Inhibitors of cytochrome oxidase: H 2 S, CO and CN

13 Resp chain & oxd phos inhibitors Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ie: oligomycine, atractyloside Un-couplers (dissociate oxidation in resp chain from phosphorylation) respiration to become uncontrolled, ie: dinitrophenol, dinitrochressol, pentachlorophenol, chloro carbonyl cyanide phenilhydrazon (cccp)

14 Succinate FAD FeS BAL Antimycin A H 2 S CO CN - Complex I Complex III Complex IV NADH FMN, FeS Q Cyt b, FeS, Cyt c Cyt a Cyt a 3 Cyt C Cu Cu 1 O 2 Piericidin A Amobarbital Rotenone Uncouplers Uncouplers Oligomycin Oligomycin ADP + P 1 ATP ADP + P 1 ATP ADP + P 1 ATP

15 Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation Mitchell s chemiosmotic theory: - energy from oxidation in resp chain translocation of H + (protons) electrochemical potential difference in matrix and intermembrane space drive the mechanism of responsible for the formation of ATP (ATP synthase)

16 Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation Complexes I, III and IV of resp chain is a proton pump Pi + ADP ATP, by ATP synthase ATP synthase is a complex enzyme consist of several protein subunits (F 1 ), which attached to membrane protein complex (F 0 ) F 1 project into matrix and contain the phosphorylation mechanism F 0 spans the membrane and forms the proton channel

17

18

19 Exchange metabolites at inner mitochondrial membrane - Exchange of anions against OH - ions and cations against H + ions for transport of ionized metabolites - Freely permeable to uncharged small molecules O 2, H 2 O, CO 2, NH 3 monocarboxylic acids (3 hydroxy butyric, acetoacetic, acetic) - Long chain fatty acids need carnitine system - Symport pyruvate - H +

20 Exchange metabolites at inner mitochondrial membrane Dicarboxylate and tricarboxylate anions require specific carrier linked to inorganic phosphate (H 2 PO 4- ) Exchange ATP / ADP by adenine nucleotide transporter Transport of oxaloacetate need transamination process

21 Oxidation of extramitochondrial NADH - NADH cannot penetrate mitochondrial membrane produced continuously in cytosol by 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde D-ase - Aerobic conditions: not accumulated be oxidized by resp chain - Transfer of reducing equivalents from cytosol to mitochondrial require substrate pairs, linked by suitable D-ase

22 Oxidation of extramitochondrial NADH - The mechanism: 1. Glycerophosphate shuttle only 2 mol ATP are formed per atom oxygen consumed present in brain, muscle, adipose, liver but deficient in heart muscle 2. Malate shuttle more universal utility more complex, due to the impermeability of mitochondrial membrane to oxaloacetate

23 OUTER MEMBRANE INNER MEMBRANE CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION NAD + Glycerol 3- phosphate Glycerol 3- phosphate FAD GLYCEROL-3- PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (CYTOSOLIC) GLYCEROL-3- PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (MITHOCONDRIAL) NADH + H + Dehydroxyacetone phosphate Dehydroxyacetone phosphate FDH 2 Respiratory Chain Glycerophosphate shuttle for transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondrion

24 NAD + Malat e CYTOSOL INNER MAMBRAN E 1 MITHOCOND RION Malate NAD + NADH +H + MALATE DEHYDROGENASE Oxaloacetat e -KG -KG MALATE DEHYDROGENASE Oxaloacetat e NADH +H + TRANSAMI NASE TRANSAMI NASE Glutamate Asp Asp Glutamate 2 H + H + Malate shuttle for transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitocondrion. 1. Ketoglutarate transporter, 2. glutamateaspartate transporter (note the proton symport with glutamate)

25 Creatine phosphate shuttle Facilitating transport of high energy phosphat from mitochondria in active tissues Isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK M ), in intermembrane space catalyzing transfer ~ P (ATP) to creatine: ~ P(ATP) + creatine creatine-p, transported into cytosol via protein pores available for generation of extramitochondrial ATP

26 H P N CREATINE KINASE H 2 N C NH C NH N H 3 C N COO - ΔG O = 12.6 kj/mol COO - Creatine phosphate Creatine

27 Clinical aspects Fatal infantile mitochondrial myopathy and renal dysfunction due to severe diminution / absence of most oxidoreductase MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke) due to complex I or complex IV deficiency mutation in mt DNA

FREE ENERGY Reactions involving free energy: 1. Exergonic 2. Endergonic

FREE ENERGY Reactions involving free energy: 1. Exergonic 2. Endergonic BIOENERGETICS FREE ENERGY It is the portion of the total energy change in a system that is available for doing work at constant temperature and pressure; it is represented as ΔG. Reactions involving free

More information

Electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial transport systems

Electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial transport systems Electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial transport systems JAN ILLNER Respiratory chain & oxidative phosphorylation INTERMEMBRANE SPACE ubiquinone cytochrome c ATPase Production

More information

Electron Transport and Oxidative. Phosphorylation

Electron Transport and Oxidative. Phosphorylation Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Electron-transport chain electron- Definition: The set of proteins and small molecules involved in the orderly sequence of transfer to oxygen within the

More information

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative Phosphorylation Electron Transport Chain (overview) The NADH and FADH 2, formed during glycolysis, β- oxidation and the TCA cycle, give up their electrons to reduce molecular O 2 to H 2 O. Electron transfer occurs through

More information

Chapter 14 - Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Chapter 14 - Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Chapter 14 - Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation The cheetah, whose capacity for aerobic metabolism makes it one of the fastest animals Prentice Hall c2002 Chapter 14 1 14.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation

More information

BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION, ELECTRON TRANSFER CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION, ELECTRON TRANSFER CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION MODULE Biological Oxidation, Electron transfer Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation 9 BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION, ELECTRON TRANSFER CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION 9.1 INTRODUCTION Chemically, oxidation is

More information

A) Choose the correct answer: 1) Reduction of a substance can mostly occur in the living cells by:

A) Choose the correct answer: 1) Reduction of a substance can mostly occur in the living cells by: Code: 1 1) Reduction of a substance can mostly occur in the living cells by: (a) Addition of oxygen (b) Removal of electrons (c) Addition of electrons (d) Addition of hydrogen 2) Starting with succinate

More information

Citric acid cycle and respiratory chain. Pavla Balínová

Citric acid cycle and respiratory chain. Pavla Balínová Citric acid cycle and respiratory chain Pavla Balínová Mitochondria Structure of mitochondria: Outer membrane Inner membrane (folded) Matrix space (mtdna, ribosomes, enzymes of CAC, β-oxidation of FA,

More information

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative phosphorylation

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative phosphorylation Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative phosphorylation So far we have discussed the catabolism involving oxidation of 6 carbons of glucose to CO 2 via glycolysis and CAC without any oxygen molecule directly

More information

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH AEROBIC RESPIRATION.

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH AEROBIC RESPIRATION. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: OVERVIEW OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION Cellular respiration is a series of reactions involving electron transfers to breakdown molecules for (ATP) 1. Glycolytic pathway: Glycolysis

More information

Electron transport chain chapter 6 (page 73) BCH 340 lecture 6

Electron transport chain chapter 6 (page 73) BCH 340 lecture 6 Electron transport chain chapter 6 (page 73) BCH 340 lecture 6 The Metabolic Pathway of Cellular Respiration All of the reactions involved in cellular respiration can be grouped into three main stages

More information

Electron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis) Dr. Howaida Nounou Biochemistry department Sciences college

Electron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis) Dr. Howaida Nounou Biochemistry department Sciences college Electron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis) Dr. Howaida Nounou Biochemistry department Sciences college The Metabolic Pathway of Cellular Respiration All of the reactions involved

More information

Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD

Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD natarboush@ju.edu.jo www.facebook.com/natarboush OMM: permeable to small molecules (MW

More information

) one consumes in breathing is converted to:, which of the following would be found in the oxidized state?

) one consumes in breathing is converted to:, which of the following would be found in the oxidized state? MCB 102: Pantea s Sxn Chapter 19 Problem Set Answer Key 1) Page: 690 Ans: E Almost all of the oxygen (O 2 ) one consumes in breathing is converted to: A) acetyl-coa. B) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). C) carbon

More information

Electron transport chain,oxidative phosphorylation & mitochondrial transport systems. M.Kohutiar, B.Sopko

Electron transport chain,oxidative phosphorylation & mitochondrial transport systems. M.Kohutiar, B.Sopko Electron transport chain,oxidative phosphorylation & mitochondrial transport systems. M.Kohutiar, B.Sopko Content 1. Structure of mitochondria Mitochondrial transport systems 2. Electron transport 3. Parts

More information

MITOCHONDRIA LECTURES OVERVIEW

MITOCHONDRIA LECTURES OVERVIEW 1 MITOCHONDRIA LECTURES OVERVIEW A. MITOCHONDRIA LECTURES OVERVIEW Mitochondrial Structure The arrangement of membranes: distinct inner and outer membranes, The location of ATPase, DNA and ribosomes The

More information

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation 20-1

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation 20-1 Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation 20-1 Learning Objectives 1. What Role Does Electron Transport Play in Met.? 2. What Are the Reduction Potentials for the Electron Transport Chain?

More information

Oxidative phosphorylation & Photophosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation & Photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation & Photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is the last step in the formation of energy-yielding metabolism in aerobic organisms. All oxidative steps in the degradation of

More information

Mitochondria and ATP Synthesis

Mitochondria and ATP Synthesis Mitochondria and ATP Synthesis Mitochondria and ATP Synthesis 1. Mitochondria are sites of ATP synthesis in cells. 2. ATP is used to do work; i.e. ATP is an energy source. 3. ATP hydrolysis releases energy

More information

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation Energy from Reduced Fuels Is Used to Synthesize ATP in Animals Carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids are the main reduced fuels for the cell. Electrons from reduced fuels are

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration

More information

Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD

Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD natarboush@ju.edu.jo www.facebook.com/natarboush OMM: permeable to small molecules (MW

More information

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration An overview Exergonic reactions and catabolic pathway Energy stored in bonds of food molecules is transferred to ATP Cellular respiration provides the energy

More information

Electron Transport System Supplemental Reading. Key Concepts PETER MITCHELL'S CHEMIOSMOTIC THEORY

Electron Transport System Supplemental Reading. Key Concepts PETER MITCHELL'S CHEMIOSMOTIC THEORY Electron Transport System Supplemental Reading Key Concepts - PETER MITCHELL'S CHEMIOSMOTIC THEORY - THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM IS A SERIES OF COUPLED REDOX REACTIONS Complex I: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase

More information

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways

More information

Marah Bitar. Faisal Nimri ... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh

Marah Bitar. Faisal Nimri ... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh 8 Marah Bitar Faisal Nimri... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh Summary of the 8 steps of citric acid cycle Step 1. Acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, releasing the CoA group and forming a six-carbon

More information

Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy.

Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy. Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy. Do Now: Compare and contrast the three black equations below ADP + P + Energy

More information

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5 1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced

More information

Chemical Energy. Valencia College

Chemical Energy. Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter objectives: How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of

More information

Vocabulary. Chapter 20: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Vocabulary. Chapter 20: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Vocabulary ATP Synthase: the enzyme responsible for production of ATP in mitochondria Chemiosmotic Coupling: the mechanism for coupling electron transport to oxidative phosphorylation; it requires a proton

More information

BY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE

BY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE BY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE LECTURE CONTENT INTRODUCTION CITRIC ACID CYCLE (T.C.A) PRODUCTION OF ACETYL CoA REACTIONS OF THE CITIRC ACID CYCLE THE AMPHIBOLIC NATURE OF THE T.C.A CYCLE THE GLYOXYLATE CYCLE

More information

Synthesis of ATP, the energy currency in metabolism

Synthesis of ATP, the energy currency in metabolism Synthesis of ATP, the energy currency in metabolism Note that these are simplified summaries to support lecture material Either Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) Or Electron transport phosphorylation

More information

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other

More information

Metabolism of Carbohydrates Inhibitors of Electron Transport Chain

Metabolism of Carbohydrates Inhibitors of Electron Transport Chain Paper : 04 Module : 19 Principal Investigator Paper Coordinator Content Reviewer Content Writer Dr.S.K.Khare,Professor IIT Delhi. Dr. Ramesh Kothari,Professor UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences Saurashtra

More information

Biology 638 Biochemistry II Exam-2

Biology 638 Biochemistry II Exam-2 Biology 638 Biochemistry II Exam-2 Biol 638, Exam-2 (Code-1) 1. Assume that 16 glucose molecules enter into a liver cell and are attached to a liner glycogen one by one. Later, this glycogen is broken-down

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and

More information

Name: Chem 351 Exam 3

Name: Chem 351 Exam 3 Multiple hoice: Pick the BEST answer and write it in the box at the end of the section. 1) The TA (Krebs) ycle depends on oxygen availability, though it does not directly use it. How can you best explain

More information

Biological oxidation I Respiratory chain

Biological oxidation I Respiratory chain Biological oxidation I Respiratory chain Outline Metabolism Macroergic compound Redox in metabolism Respiratory chain Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation Metabolism Metabolism consists of catabolism

More information

number Done by Corrected by Doctor Nafeth Abu Tarboush

number Done by Corrected by Doctor Nafeth Abu Tarboush number 8 Done by Ali Yaghi Corrected by Mamoon Mohamad Alqtamin Doctor Nafeth Abu Tarboush 0 P a g e Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation has 3 major aspects: 1. It involves flow of electrons

More information

Enzymes and Metabolism

Enzymes and Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky Enzymes and Metabolism Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb 1 Protein Macromolecules composed of combinations

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Assemble polymers, pump substances across membranes, move and reproduce The giant panda Obtains energy for its cells by eating plants which get

More information

2

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 What is the fate of Pyruvate? Stages of Cellular Respiration GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OX. KREBS CYCLE ETC 2 The Krebs Cycle does your head suddenly hurt? 3 The Krebs Cycle An Overview

More information

PHM142 Energy Production + The Mitochondria

PHM142 Energy Production + The Mitochondria PHM142 Energy Production + The Mitochondria 1 The Endosymbiont Theory of Mitochondiral Evolution 1970: Lynn Margulis Origin of Eukaryotic Cells Endosymbiant Theory: the mitochondria evolved from free-living

More information

19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation W. H. Freeman and Company

19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation W. H. Freeman and Company 19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company CHAPTER 19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Key topics: Electron transport chain in mitochondria Capture

More information

7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy 7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of Glucose Metabolism? How Is Energy Harvested

More information

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 + H2O. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. powers most cellular work. Heat energy

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 + H2O. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. powers most cellular work. Heat energy Figure 9-01 LE 9-2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 + H2O Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic + O molecules 2 powers most cellular work Heat energy LE 9-UN161a becomes

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy You should be able to: 1. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Name and describe the three stages of cellular respiration;

More information

Ch. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)

Ch. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19

More information

respiration mitochondria mitochondria metabolic pathways reproduction can fuse or split DRP1 interacts with ER tubules chapter DRP1 ER tubule

respiration mitochondria mitochondria metabolic pathways reproduction can fuse or split DRP1 interacts with ER tubules chapter DRP1 ER tubule mitochondria respiration chapter 3-4 shape highly variable can fuse or split structure outer membrane inner membrane cristae intermembrane space mitochondrial matrix free ribosomes respiratory enzymes

More information

Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP

Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP Cellular Respiration Notes Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP Energy Releasing Pathways Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored

More information

Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General

Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy A. Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose Lecture Series 12 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy B. An Overview: Releasing Energy from Glucose

More information

Plant Respiration. Exchange of Gases in Plants:

Plant Respiration. Exchange of Gases in Plants: Plant Respiration Exchange of Gases in Plants: Plants do not have great demands for gaseous exchange. The rate of respiration in plants is much lower than in animals. Large amounts of gases are exchanged

More information

Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3. Glycolysis is only the start. Cellular respiration. Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle.

Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3. Glycolysis is only the start. Cellular respiration. Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle. Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3 Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle AP 2006-2007 Biology Glycolysis is only the start Glycolysis glucose pyruvate 6C 2x 3C Pyruvate has more energy to yield 3 more C to strip

More information

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION.

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: REDOX REACTIONS Redox reaction a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another Oxidation loss of electrons Reduction gain of electrons

More information

Find this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site.

Find this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site. Find this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site. Still having trouble understanding the material? Check

More information

CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION. C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION. C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: partial or complete loss of electrons Reduction: partial or complete gain of electrons

More information

Cellular Respiration. Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1

Cellular Respiration. Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1 Cellular Respiration Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1 4/28/2014 2 The Mitochondria The mitochondria is a double membrane organelle Two membranes Outer membrane Inter membrane space Inner membrane Location

More information

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. ATP powers most cellular work

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. ATP powers most cellular work Light energy ECOSYSTEM CO + H O Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic molecules + O powers most cellular work Heat energy 1 becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes

More information

Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism)

Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Large food molecules contain a lot of potential energy in the form of chemical bonds but it requires a lot of work to liberate the energy. Cells need

More information

BIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Light energy ECOSYSTEM. Organic molecules CO 2 + H 2 O

BIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Light energy ECOSYSTEM. Organic molecules CO 2 + H 2 O 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Biology, 7 th Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece The

More information

Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration

Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration 1. Respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport: an overview 2. Glycolysis

More information

MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP SYNTHESIS (taken from Chapter 18 of Stryer)

MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP SYNTHESIS (taken from Chapter 18 of Stryer) MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP SYNTHESIS (taken from Chapter 18 of Stryer) FREE ENERGY MOST USEFUL THERMODYNAMIC CONCEPT IN BIOCHEMISTRY Living things require an input of free energy for 3 major

More information

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION

More information

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms classified on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on organic compounds

More information

Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition

Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTERS 20 and 21 The Electron-Transport Chain And Oxidative Phosphorylation 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company Cellular Respiration and Physiologic

More information

BIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson

BIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 9.2 Light energy

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 -----> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy (heat and ATP) 1. Energy Capacity to move or change matter Forms of energy are important to life include Chemical, radiant (heat

More information

Respiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7

Respiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on

More information

Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy

Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular work (ATP) 3. Importance of electrons and

More information

Metabolism is regulated by the rate of ATP production

Metabolism is regulated by the rate of ATP production BCHM2972 Human Biochemistry Introduction to Metabolism Metabolism is regulated by the rate of ATP production Anabolism/Catabolism Anabolism Reactions that build macromolecules Use energy from catabolism

More information

Metabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016

Metabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016 5//016 Metabolism Metabolism All the biochemical reactions occurring in the body Generating, storing and expending energy ATP Supports body activities Assists in constructing new tissue Metabolism Two

More information

A cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds.

A cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds. Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Energy and carbon sources in living cells 2. Sources of cellular ATP 3. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular

More information

Citrate Cycle. Lecture 28. Key Concepts. The Citrate Cycle captures energy using redox reactions

Citrate Cycle. Lecture 28. Key Concepts. The Citrate Cycle captures energy using redox reactions Citrate Cycle Lecture 28 Key Concepts The Citrate Cycle captures energy using redox reactions Eight reactions of the Citrate Cycle Key control points in the Citrate Cycle regulate metabolic flux What role

More information

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION

More information

This is the first of two chapters that describe respiration in the mitochondria. The word

This is the first of two chapters that describe respiration in the mitochondria. The word The Electron-Transport Chain Chapter 20 This is the first of two chapters that describe respiration in the mitochondria. The word respiration can mean breathing, and in fact mitochondrial electron transport

More information

Notes CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION

Notes CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 Notes NAME DATE HOUR SUMMARY EQUATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: partial or complete

More information

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Global Athlete Outreach Program US CytoThesis Systems Medicine Center www.cytothesis.us US OncoTherapy Systems BioMedicine Group CytoThesis Bioengineering Research Group

More information

Campbell Biology 9. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. Chul-Su Yang, Ph.D., Lecture on General Biology 1

Campbell Biology 9. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. Chul-Su Yang, Ph.D., Lecture on General Biology 1 Lecture on General Biology 1 Campbell Biology 9 th edition Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chul-Su Yang, Ph.D., chulsuyang@hanyang.ac.kr Infection Biology Lab., Dept. of Molecular & Life

More information

Chapter 6 : How Cells Harvest Energy (B) Dr. Chris Doumen 10/28/14 CITRIC ACID CYCLE. Acetyl CoA CoA CoA CO 2 NAD + FADH 2 NADH FAD + 3 H + ADP + ATP

Chapter 6 : How Cells Harvest Energy (B) Dr. Chris Doumen 10/28/14 CITRIC ACID CYCLE. Acetyl CoA CoA CoA CO 2 NAD + FADH 2 NADH FAD + 3 H + ADP + ATP Chapter 6 : How Cells Harvest Energy (B) Dr. Chris Doumen Acetyl CoA CoA CoA Oxaloacetate Citrate CITRIC ACID CYCLE CO FADH 3 NAD + FAD 3 NADH ADP + P + 3 1 Pyruvate oxida.on and Citric Acid Cycle Thus

More information

Membrane Biochemistry. Lectures by. John F. Allen. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London. jfallen.

Membrane Biochemistry. Lectures by. John F. Allen. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London. jfallen. Membrane Biochemistry Lectures by John F. Allen School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London jfallen.org/lectures 1 Membrane Biochemistry Bioenergetics jfallen.org/lectures

More information

Lecture 29: Membrane Transport and metabolism

Lecture 29: Membrane Transport and metabolism Chem*3560 Lecture 29: Membrane Transport and metabolism Insulin controls glucose uptake Adipose tissue and muscles contain a passive glucose transporter GluT4 which takes up glucose from blood. (This is

More information

Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism. Entry of Pyruvate into the TCA cycle

Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism. Entry of Pyruvate into the TCA cycle Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylcoa In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final

More information

Notes CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION

Notes CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 Notes NAME DATE HOUR SUMMARY EQUATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: partial or complete

More information

CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview. Concept 7.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels

CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview. Concept 7.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms Energy flows into

More information

This is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.)

This is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.) This is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC 2010. (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.) Topic 10: CELLULAR RESPIRATION (lectures 14-16) OBJECTIVES: 1. Know the basic reactions that

More information

The citric acid cycle Sitruunahappokierto Citronsyracykeln

The citric acid cycle Sitruunahappokierto Citronsyracykeln The citric acid cycle Sitruunahappokierto Citronsyracykeln Ove Eriksson BLL/Biokemia ove.eriksson@helsinki.fi Metabolome: The complete set of small-molecule metabolites to be found in a cell or an organism.

More information

Part III => METABOLISM and ENERGY. 3.6 Oxidative Phosphorylation 3.6a Electron Transport 3.6b ATP Synthesis

Part III => METABOLISM and ENERGY. 3.6 Oxidative Phosphorylation 3.6a Electron Transport 3.6b ATP Synthesis Part III => METABOLISM and ENERGY 3.6 Oxidative Phosphorylation 3.6a Electron Transport 3.6b ATP Synthesis Section 3.6a: Electron Transport Synopsis 3.6a - During processes such as glycolysis and Krebs

More information

Answer three from questions 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

Answer three from questions 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. BCH 4053 May 1, 2003 FINAL EXAM NAME There are 9 pages and 9 questions on the exam. nly five are to be answered, each worth 20 points. Answer two from questions 1, 2, 3, and 4 Answer three from questions

More information

Cellular Respiration. The Details

Cellular Respiration. The Details Cellular Respiration The Details LEARNING GOALS By the end of the lesson you will be able to; 1. Describe in detail the 4 stages of cellular respira;on 2. Track the crea;on of ATP and energy carrier molecules

More information

Glycolysis Part 2. BCH 340 lecture 4

Glycolysis Part 2. BCH 340 lecture 4 Glycolysis Part 2 BCH 340 lecture 4 Regulation of Glycolysis There are three steps in glycolysis that have enzymes which regulate the flux of glycolysis These enzymes catalyzes irreversible reactions of

More information

7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION

More information

Chapter 9 Notes. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Chapter 9 Notes. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Notes Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Objectives Distinguish between fermentation and anaerobic respiration. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the cell

More information

number Done by Corrected by Doctor Nafeth Abu Tarboush

number Done by Corrected by Doctor Nafeth Abu Tarboush number 7 Done by حسام أبو عوض Corrected by Shahd Alqudah Doctor Nafeth Abu Tarboush 1 P a g e As we have studied before, in the fourth reaction of the Krebs cycle, α- ketoglutarate is converted into Succinyl-CoA

More information

Chapter 9 Overview. Aerobic Metabolism I: The Citric Acid Cycle. Live processes - series of oxidation-reduction reactions. Aerobic metabolism I

Chapter 9 Overview. Aerobic Metabolism I: The Citric Acid Cycle. Live processes - series of oxidation-reduction reactions. Aerobic metabolism I n n Chapter 9 Overview Aerobic Metabolism I: The Citric Acid Cycle Live processes - series of oxidation-reduction reactions Ingestion of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids Provide basic building blocks for

More information

INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY. BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007

INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY. BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007 INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007 Name SIS # Make sure that your name or SIS # is on every page. This is the only way we have of matching you with your exam after

More information

Biochemistry: A Short Course

Biochemistry: A Short Course Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 20 The Electron-Transport Chain 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 20 Outline Oxidative phosphorylation captures the energy

More information

Module No. # 01 Lecture No. # 19 TCA Cycle

Module No. # 01 Lecture No. # 19 TCA Cycle Biochemical Engineering Prof. Dr. Rintu Banerjee Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Asst. Prof. Dr. Saikat Chakraborty Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

More information

Chapter 8 Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration

Chapter 8 Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing food molecules, like glucose, to carbon dioxide and water. The energy released is trapped in the form of

More information