Celični razdelki in transport proteinov
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1 Celični razdelki in transport proteinov
2 Kompartmentalizacija celic
3 Kompartmentalizacija celic
4 Kompartmentalizacija celic
5 Celične membrane
6 Glavni celični organeli
7 Evolucijski izvor topologije celic Topology governed by evolutionary origins Invagination of pm creates organelles such as nucleus that are topologically equivalent to cytosol and communicate via pores
8 Evolucijski izvor topologije celic Topology governed by evolutionary origins Endosymbiosis of mito and plastids creates double membrane organelle (have own genome)
9
10 Evolucijski izvor topologije celic Notranjost organel, ki so nastale z invaginacijo in odcepitvijo plazemske membrane je topološko ekvivalentna zunanjosti celice Večina organel se ne more zgraditi de novo
11 Različni načini transporta proteinov Trije mehanizmi 1. Kanalčki z vrati- topološko ekvivalenten prostor 2. Transmembranski trasport: proteinski translokatorju, topološko drug prostor 3. Transport z vezikli: z membrano ločeni intermediati, topološko ekvivalenten prostor
12
13 Tipi sor=rnih signalov
14 Tipična signalna AK zaporedja
15 Jedrna membrana
16 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom
17 Kompleks jedrne pore (NPC)
18 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom
19
20 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom
21 Prenašalni jedrni receptorski proteini
22 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom
23 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom
24 Regulacija transkripcije z NT
25 Izvoz mrna
26 Jedrna membrana med mitozo
27
28 Transport v mitohondrije in kloroplaste
29 Transport v mitohondrije- signalna sekvenca je amfipa=čna alfa vijačnica
30 Transport v mitohondrije TOM- translokator proteinov v zunanji membrani TIM- v notranji membrani OXA- insercija proteinov, ki se sinte=zirajo v MT in =s=h, ki so se transpor=rali v matriks, v notranjo membrano
31 Transport proteinov v mitohondrije
32 Za transport proteinov v mitohondrije je potrebna energija
33 Dve signalni zaporedji sta potrebni za transport proteinov v medmembranski prostor ali v notranjo MT membrano
34 Transport proteinov v kloroplaste
35 Peroksisomi -Ser-Lys-Leu-COO - peroksini- transportni proteini
36 Endoplazemski re=kulum zavzema >= 50% vse membranske površine v celici in ~10% celičnega volumna kon=nuirana membrana z jedrno membrano centralna vloga pri sintezi proteinov in lipidov
37 ER in transport proteinov vsi transmembranski proteini, skoraj vsi ekstracelularni proteini ter proteini, ki gredo v lumen ER, Golgijev aparat in lizosome se najprej prenesejo v lumen ER proteini se prenašajo v lumen ER že med sintezo (kotranslacijsko)- ribosom je pritrjen na ER membrano (grobi ER)
38 Gladki in grobi ER
39 ER in transport proteinov- hipoteza
40 Delec, ki prepozna signalno zaporedje (SRP) hidrofobna signalna sekvenca 8 ali več AK SRP ima hidrofobni žep vezava SRP zaustavi sintezo proteina, dokler se ribosom ne veže na SRP receptor v ER membrani protein se podaljšuje v ER
41 ER in transport proteinov
42 ER in transport proteinov - translokator
43 ER in transport proteinov
44 Nekateri proteini se tudi v ER prenesejo post- translacijsko
45 V lumnu ER se signalno zaporedje odstrani
46 Transmembranski proteini
47 Transmembranski proteini
48 Transmembranski proteini
49 Transmembranski proteini 2
50 ER in transport proteinov proteini, ki ostanejo v ER vsebujejo ER zadrževalni signal- 4AK na C- koncu (npr. PDI, BiP šaperone...)
51 Tipična signalna AK zaporedja
52 Glikozilacija proteinov v ER
53 Vloga N- glikozilacije pri kontroli zvijanja proteinov
54 Nepravilno zvi= proteini se prenesejo nazaj v citosol- retrotranslokacija
55 ER in lipidni dvosloj na membrani ER se sinte=zirajo skoraj vsi pomembni lipidi, tudi fosfolipidi (na citosolni strani membrane)
56 ER in lipidni dvosloj
57 Vezikularni transport
58 Vezikularni transport
59 BRSTENJE MEŠIČKOV (proteinski plašči, dinamin) TRANSPORT MEŠIČKOV (citoskeletni filamenti in motorni proteini, proteini Rab) FUZIJA MEŠIČKOV (proteini SNARE) Povzeto po: Behnia, R. in Munro, S. (Nature, 2005 (438) str )
60 Nastanek mešička I. Fagocitoza in makropinocitoza II. Brstenje mešičkov iz plazemske membrane ali endocitoza III. Brstenje mešičkov iz membran endoplazemskega retikuluma (ER) IV. Brstenje mešičkov iz membran Golgijevega aparata (GA) Povzeto po: Lodish, H. in sod. (Molecular Cell Biology, 4th edition, New York: W. H. Freeman, 2000)
61 Vezikularni transport
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