Celični razdelki in transport proteinov

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1 Celični razdelki in transport proteinov

2 Kompartmentalizacija celic

3 Kompartmentalizacija celic

4 Kompartmentalizacija celic

5 Celične membrane

6 Glavni celični organeli

7 Evolucijski izvor topologije celic Topology governed by evolutionary origins Invagination of pm creates organelles such as nucleus that are topologically equivalent to cytosol and communicate via pores

8 Evolucijski izvor topologije celic Topology governed by evolutionary origins Endosymbiosis of mito and plastids creates double membrane organelle (have own genome)

9

10 Evolucijski izvor topologije celic Notranjost organel, ki so nastale z invaginacijo in odcepitvijo plazemske membrane je topološko ekvivalentna zunanjosti celice Večina organel se ne more zgraditi de novo

11 Različni načini transporta proteinov Trije mehanizmi 1. Kanalčki z vrati- topološko ekvivalenten prostor 2. Transmembranski trasport: proteinski translokatorju, topološko drug prostor 3. Transport z vezikli: z membrano ločeni intermediati, topološko ekvivalenten prostor

12

13 Tipi sor=rnih signalov

14 Tipična signalna AK zaporedja

15 Jedrna membrana

16 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom

17 Kompleks jedrne pore (NPC)

18 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom

19

20 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom

21 Prenašalni jedrni receptorski proteini

22 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom

23 Transport proteinov med jedrom in citosolom

24 Regulacija transkripcije z NT

25 Izvoz mrna

26 Jedrna membrana med mitozo

27

28 Transport v mitohondrije in kloroplaste

29 Transport v mitohondrije- signalna sekvenca je amfipa=čna alfa vijačnica

30 Transport v mitohondrije TOM- translokator proteinov v zunanji membrani TIM- v notranji membrani OXA- insercija proteinov, ki se sinte=zirajo v MT in =s=h, ki so se transpor=rali v matriks, v notranjo membrano

31 Transport proteinov v mitohondrije

32 Za transport proteinov v mitohondrije je potrebna energija

33 Dve signalni zaporedji sta potrebni za transport proteinov v medmembranski prostor ali v notranjo MT membrano

34 Transport proteinov v kloroplaste

35 Peroksisomi -Ser-Lys-Leu-COO - peroksini- transportni proteini

36 Endoplazemski re=kulum zavzema >= 50% vse membranske površine v celici in ~10% celičnega volumna kon=nuirana membrana z jedrno membrano centralna vloga pri sintezi proteinov in lipidov

37 ER in transport proteinov vsi transmembranski proteini, skoraj vsi ekstracelularni proteini ter proteini, ki gredo v lumen ER, Golgijev aparat in lizosome se najprej prenesejo v lumen ER proteini se prenašajo v lumen ER že med sintezo (kotranslacijsko)- ribosom je pritrjen na ER membrano (grobi ER)

38 Gladki in grobi ER

39 ER in transport proteinov- hipoteza

40 Delec, ki prepozna signalno zaporedje (SRP) hidrofobna signalna sekvenca 8 ali več AK SRP ima hidrofobni žep vezava SRP zaustavi sintezo proteina, dokler se ribosom ne veže na SRP receptor v ER membrani protein se podaljšuje v ER

41 ER in transport proteinov

42 ER in transport proteinov - translokator

43 ER in transport proteinov

44 Nekateri proteini se tudi v ER prenesejo post- translacijsko

45 V lumnu ER se signalno zaporedje odstrani

46 Transmembranski proteini

47 Transmembranski proteini

48 Transmembranski proteini

49 Transmembranski proteini 2

50 ER in transport proteinov proteini, ki ostanejo v ER vsebujejo ER zadrževalni signal- 4AK na C- koncu (npr. PDI, BiP šaperone...)

51 Tipična signalna AK zaporedja

52 Glikozilacija proteinov v ER

53 Vloga N- glikozilacije pri kontroli zvijanja proteinov

54 Nepravilno zvi= proteini se prenesejo nazaj v citosol- retrotranslokacija

55 ER in lipidni dvosloj na membrani ER se sinte=zirajo skoraj vsi pomembni lipidi, tudi fosfolipidi (na citosolni strani membrane)

56 ER in lipidni dvosloj

57 Vezikularni transport

58 Vezikularni transport

59 BRSTENJE MEŠIČKOV (proteinski plašči, dinamin) TRANSPORT MEŠIČKOV (citoskeletni filamenti in motorni proteini, proteini Rab) FUZIJA MEŠIČKOV (proteini SNARE) Povzeto po: Behnia, R. in Munro, S. (Nature, 2005 (438) str )

60 Nastanek mešička I. Fagocitoza in makropinocitoza II. Brstenje mešičkov iz plazemske membrane ali endocitoza III. Brstenje mešičkov iz membran endoplazemskega retikuluma (ER) IV. Brstenje mešičkov iz membran Golgijevega aparata (GA) Povzeto po: Lodish, H. in sod. (Molecular Cell Biology, 4th edition, New York: W. H. Freeman, 2000)

61 Vezikularni transport

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