Bioenergetics: Energy for Exercise. Chapter 3 pp 28-47

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1 Bioenergetics: Energy for Exercise Chapter 3 pp 28-47

2 ATP ATP Adenosine Ribose 3 Phosphates

3 ATP

4 ATP

5 ATP

6 ATP ATP

7 ATP ATP

8 ATP ATP Energy Out ADP + P

9 ATP ATP Energy Out ADP + P

10 ATP ATP Energy Out Energy In ADP + P

11 ATP

12 ATP Energy

13 Fuels for Exercise

14 Fuels for Exercise CARBOHYDRATES

15 Fuels for Exercise CARBOHYDRATES Fats

16 Fuels for Exercise CARBOHYDRATES Fats Proteins

17 Fuels for Exercise CARBOHYDRATES Fats Proteins Phoshocreatine

18 Bioenergetics ATP is the only source of energy recognized by the cells Only a small amount of ATP is stored inside the muscle cells

19 Bioenergetics Energy Out (muscle contraction) Energy In (food sources)

20 ATP ATP Energy Systems or SARCOPLASM Krebs Cycle Lactic Acid βeta Oxidation PC ATP

21 ATP Anaerobic Aerobic or SARCOPLASM Krebs Cycle Lactic Acid βeta Oxidation PC ATP Fatty acids

22 Bioenergetics

23 Bioenergetics Making or Recycling ATP

24 Bioenergetics Making or Recycling ATP Fuels/Systems

25 Bioenergetics Making or Recycling ATP Fuels/Systems 1. Phosphocreatine /ATP-PC (phosphagen system)

26 Bioenergetics Making or Recycling ATP Fuels/Systems 1. Phosphocreatine /ATP-PC (phosphagen system) 2. Carbohydrates/Glycolysis (lactic acid system)

27 Bioenergetics Making or Recycling ATP Fuels/Systems 1. Phosphocreatine /ATP-PC (phosphagen system) 2. Carbohydrates/Glycolysis (lactic acid system) 3. Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins / Aerobic (oxidation)

28 ATP-PC System (enzyme) How does it work?

29 ATP-PC System (enzyme) How does it work?

30 ATP-PC System (enzyme) How does it work?

31 ATP-PC System (enzyme) How does it work?

32 ATP-PC System

33 ATP-PC System

34 ATP-PC System

35 ATP-PC System

36 ATP-PC System

37 ATP-PC System Advantages?

38 ATP-PC System Advantages? Disadvantages?

39 Creatine Supplement

40 Creatine Supplement Does it work?

41 Creatine Supplement Does it work? THE WINNING EDGE 3.1 p.32

42 Creatine Supplement Does it work? THE WINNING EDGE 3.1 p.32 Can increase creatine levels inside muscle

43 Creatine Supplement Does it work? THE WINNING EDGE 3.1 p.32 Can increase creatine levels inside muscle Improve short, high intensity performance

44 Creatine Supplement Does it work? THE WINNING EDGE 3.1 p.32 Can increase creatine levels inside muscle Improve short, high intensity performance Small increase in muscle strength

45 Glycolysis

46 GLYCOLYSIS

47 GLYCOLYSIS Where?

48 GLYCOLYSIS Where? What fuel?

49 GLYCOLYSIS Where? What fuel? How? reactions, Enzymes

50 GLYCOLYSIS Where? What fuel? How? reactions, Enzymes What is produced? 1. ATP 2. Hydrogens (NADH) 3. Pyruvate or Lactate

51 Glycolysis Glucose Carbohydrates Glucose Glycogen Glucose = C6 H12 O6

52 Glycogen

53 Glycogen

54 Glycogen

55 Glycogen

56 ATP required Glycolysis

57 Glycolysis Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA End product = pyruvate

58 ATP Produced Glycolysis Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA End product = pyruvate

59 ATP Produced Glycolysis Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA End product = pyruvate

60 ATP Produced Glycolysis Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA End product = pyruvate

61

62

63

64

65 Glycolysis Acetyl-CoA Aerobic system (Electron Transport Chain)

66 Glycolysis ATP Acetyl-CoA Aerobic system (Electron Transport Chain)

67 Glycolysis ATP Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) 1. Actyl-CoA 2. Lactate (lacatic acid) Acetyl-CoA Aerobic system (Electron Transport Chain)

68 Glycolysis ATP Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) 1. Actyl-CoA 2. Lactate (lacatic acid) H (NADH) 1. Aerobic system 2. Convert pyruvate to lactate Acetyl-CoA Aerobic system (Electron Transport Chain) 1.

69 Glycolysis

70 Glycolysis Advantages?

71 Glycolysis Advantages? Disadvantages?

72 ATP Anaerobic Aerobic or SARCOPLASM Krebs Cycle Lactic Acid βeta Oxidation PC ATP Fatty acids

73 Intensity Anaerobic Systems Note the over lapping of the systems

74 Aerobic Metabolism

75 Aerobic Metabolism or Oxidative Phosphorylation

76 Aerobic Metabolism or Oxidative Phosphorylation Where? Mitochondria

77 Aerobic Metabolism or Oxidative Phosphorylation Where? Mitochondria Three pathways

78 Aerobic Metabolism or Oxidative Phosphorylation Where? Mitochondria Three pathways Krebs cycle

79 Aerobic Metabolism or Oxidative Phosphorylation Where? Mitochondria Three pathways Krebs cycle Beta oxidation (fats only)

80 Aerobic Metabolism or Oxidative Phosphorylation Where? Mitochondria Three pathways Krebs cycle Beta oxidation (fats only) Electron transport chain

81 Acetyl-CoA Glucose, Fat and Protein Krebs cycle

82 Beta Oxidation Fat

83 Beta Oxidation Fat

84 Acetyl-CoA Sarcoplasm Mitochondria Beta Oxid

85 Acetyl-CoA Amino acids from protein converted into Acetyl Co-A

86 Krebs Cycle

87 Krebs Cycle

88 Electron Transport Chain

89 Electron Transport Chain Where? Mitochondria

90 Electron Transport Chain Where? Mitochondria What is produced?

91 Electron Transport Chain Where? Mitochondria What is produced? ATP

92 Electron Transport Chain Where? Mitochondria What is produced? ATP H2O

93 Electron Transport Chain Where? Mitochondria What is produced? ATP H2O How?

94 Electron Transport Chain Where? Mitochondria What is produced? ATP H2O How? Electrons from Hydrogens

95 Electron Transport Chain From Glycolysis or from the Krebs Cycle Electrons

96 Electron Transport Chain

97 Electron Transport Chain What roles does oxygen play?

98 Electron Transport Chain What roles does oxygen play?

99 Electron Transport Chain

100 Electron Transport Chain What happens when not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles?

101 Electron Transport Chain What happens when not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles? Hydrogens from glycolysis?

102 Electron Transport Chain What happens when not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles? Hydrogens from glycolysis? Pyruvate to Lactate

103 Oxygen ATP H2O

104 Oxygen Lactic Acid ATP H2O

105 Summary

106 Summary

107 ATP ATP Summary or SARCOPLASM Krebs Cycle Lactic Acid βeta Oxidation PC ATP Fatty Acid

108 Fatty Acids Summary Beta Oxid

109 Proteins Only 5-10% of energy during exercise

110 ATP Tally Phophocreatine: 1 ATP Carbohydrates/Glucose (C6 H12 O6) Glycolysis: 2 ATP Aerobic: 34 ATP Fatty Acid (C16 H32 O2) ATP

111 Efficiency What percentage of the energy from ATP goes into doing work? Where does the rest of the energy go?

112 Aerobic/Anaerobic Interaction The energy systems: time at maximal capacity

113 Aerobic/Anaerobic Interaction Seconds Minutes Aerobic Anaero bic

114 Summary

115 Summary

116 Summary

117 Summary

118 ATP Summary or SARCOPLASM Krebs Cycle Lactic Acid βeta Oxidation PC ATP Fatty acids

119 Summary of Energy Systems

120 Summary of Energy Systems SYSTEM ATP-PC Glycolysis Aerobic

121 Summary of Energy Systems SYSTEM Fuel ATP-PC Glycolysis Aerobic PC Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Fat Protein

122 Summary of Energy Systems SYSTEM Fuel Waste Product ATP-PC PC P and Cr Glycolysis Aerobic Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Fat Lactic Acid CO2 and H20 Protein

123 Summary of Energy Systems SYSTEM Fuel Waste Product ATP ATP-PC PC P and Cr 1 Glycolysis Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Lactic Acid 2 Aerobic Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Fat CO2 and H Protein?

124 Summary of Energy Systems SYSTEM Fuel Waste Product ATP Speed ATP-PC PC P and Cr 1 Fastest Glycolysis Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Lactic Acid 2 Fast Aerobic Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Fat CO2 and H20 34 Slow 129+ Slower Protein??

125 Summary of Energy Systems SYSTEM Fuel Waste Product ATP Speed Endurance ATP-PC PC P and Cr 1 Fastest Second Glycolysis Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Lactic Acid 2 Fast Minutes Aerobic Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Fat CO2 and H20 34 Slow Hours 129+ Slower Unlimited Protein???

126 Summary of Energy Systems SYSTEM Fuel Waste Product ATP Speed Endurance ATP-PC PC P and Cr 1 Fastest Second Power/ Strength Glycolysis Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Lactic Acid 2 Fast Minutes Speed Aerobic Carbohydrat e (glycogen & glucose) Fat CO2 and H20 34 Slow Hours 129+ Slower Unlimited Endurance Protein???

127 Summary of Fuels Fuels provide the energy for the systems to make ATP

128 Summary of Fuels FUEL STORED ENERGY SYSTEM Fuels provide the energy for the systems to make ATP

129 Summary of Fuels FUEL STORED Phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine ENERGY SYSTEM ATP-PC Fuels provide the energy for the systems to make ATP

130 Summary of Fuels FUEL STORED Carbohydrates Phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine Glycogen Glucose ENERGY SYSTEM ATP-PC Glycolysis Aerobic Fuels provide the energy for the systems to make ATP

131 Summary of Fuels FUEL Phosphocreatine Carbohydrates Fats STORED Phosphocreatine Glycogen Fatty acids Glucose ENERGY SYSTEM ATP-PC Glycolysis Aerobic Aerobic Fuels provide the energy for the systems to make ATP

132 Summary of Fuels FUEL Phosphocreatine Carbohydrates Fats Protein STORED Phosphocreatine Glycogen Fatty acids Glucose Amino acids ENERGY SYSTEM ATP-PC Glycolysis Aerobic Aerobic Aerobic Fuels provide the energy for the systems to make ATP

133 Summary: Fuels and Energy ATP-PC System Glycogen PC + ADP 1 C + ATP Glucose Glycerol Glucose 6-phosphate 2 Phosphoglyceraldehyde Glycolysis Triglycerides Lactic Acid Pyruvic Acid Fatty acids β-ox Acetyl CoA Amino Acids Proteins Table 3.2 Ketone bodies C 4 C 6 Kerb s Cycle 3 NADH ETS C 5 FADH Urea 4 Aerobic Systems

134 Control of Bioenergetics What is a rate limiting enzyme?

135 Control of Bioenergetics Pathway Rate-limiting Enzyme Stimulators Inhibitors ATP-PC Creatine kinase ADP ATP Glycolysis Phosphofructokinase ADP, ph ATP, ph Krebs Isocitrate Dehydrogenasese ADP, Ca, NAD ATP, NADH E.T.C. Cytochrome oxidase ADP, P ATP

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