Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal injuries clinical presentation of, Abdominal trauma evaluation for pediatric surgeon, background of, 60 colon and rectal injuries, 67 controversial topics, adult vs. pediatric trauma centers, FAST examination, negative workup, 71 decision making related to, diagnosis of, diaphragm injuries, 68 genitourinary injuries, 67 imaging in, protocols, 68 initial evaluation and stabilization of, introduction, laboratory studies in, 64 liver and splenic injuries, 66 modalities in, pancreatic injuries, 67 presentation of, specific injuries, stomach and small bowel injuries, treatment in, solid organ injuries protocols, Activity restriction after blunt solid organ injury during pediatric surgery management, 14 Acute traumatic injury laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of, Airway(s) pediatric foreign bodies in anesthesia for emergency management of, aspiration for, clinical outcomes of, 89 clinical presentation of, 86 diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for, esophageal, (See also Esophageal foreign bodies) Surg Clin N Am 97 (2017) /17 surgical.theclinics.com

2 234 Index Airway(s) (continued ) introduction, Allergic colitis in infants and toddlers, 177 Alvarado score in pediatric appendicitis, American Pediatric Surgery Association Trauma Committee, 69 Anal fissures in neonates, 176 Anesthesia/anesthetics for pediatric emergency surgeries, airway foreign bodies, appendicitis, 227 esophageal foreign bodies, facial fractures, introduction, intussusception, 228 posttonsillectomy bleeding, preoperative evaluation, ventriculoperitoneal shunt in, Angioembolization for liver injury, 10 for renal injury, 10 for splenic injury, 10 Antibiotics in pediatric appendicitis management, 97 Appendectomy incidental in pediatric appendicitis management, 104 Appendicitis acute nonoperative management of, surgical options for, anesthesia for emergency management of, 227 pediatric, antibiotics for, 97 clinical pathways for, 96 diagnosis of, differential diagnosis of, 96 imaging of, incidence of, 93 incidental appendectomies for, 104 introduction, 93 irrigation for, laboratory studies of, 94 nonoperative management of, postoperative care in, 104 scoring for, surgical options for, symptoms and signs of, 94

3 Index 235 treatment of, perforated surgical options for, ATOMAC guideline discharge information, 6 8 B Bile duct injury nonoperative management of, 12 Biloma of liver nonoperative management of, Bite(s) dog wound management following, 200 Bleeding posttonsillectomy anesthesia for emergency management of, Blunt intestinal injury nonoperative management of, 13 Blunt renal trauma nonoperative management of, 9 10 Blunt solid organ injury background of, 1 2 blunt spleen and liver injury, 3 9 (See also Blunt spleen and liver injury, in pediatric surgery) incidence of, 1 nonoperative management of, 1 20 blunt renal trauma, 9 10 concomitant injuries, 13 contrast extravasation and angioembolization in, 10 discharge and follow-up care after, 14 in special situations, Blunt spleen and liver injury, 3 9 angioembolization for, 10 nonoperative management of algorithm for, 3 4 ATOMAC guideline discharge information for, 6 8 failure of, 8 9 for patients with recent or ongoing bleeding, 4 6 for stable patients with solid organ injury, 6 8 reimaging after, 14 C Central venous access in preoperative planning in pediatric population,

4 236 Index Cervical spine evaluation for pediatric surgeon, anatomy related to, 41 clinical examination, 43 clinical outcomes of, clinical prediction rules in, clinical presentation related, CT in, 46 diagnostic-related, introduction, 41 management of, 48 mechanism of injury in, MRI in, pathophysiology-related, 42 plain radiographs in, 46 prehospital management in, 43 Children airway of esophageal foreign bodies and, (See also Esophageal foreign bodies) appendicitis in, (See also Appendicitis) blunt solid organ injury in surgery for nonoperative management of, 1 20 (See also Blunt solid organ injury, in pediatric surgery) hernias in incarcerated, (See also specific types and Incarcerated pediatric hernias) ovarian torsion in, (See also Ovarian torsion, pediatric) testicular torsion in, (See also Testicular torsion, pediatric) trauma in minimally invasive surgery for, (See also Minimally invasive surgery, in pediatric trauma) vascular access in, (See also Vascular access, in pediatric population) Colitis allergic in infants and toddlers, 177 Colon injuries for pediatric surgeon, 67 Computed tomography (CT) in cervical spine evaluation for pediatric surgeon, 46 in head evaluation for pediatric surgeon, in intussusception evaluation, 182 in pediatric appendicitis evaluation, 97 Contrast enema in intussusception evaluation, 183 Contrast extravasation and angioembolization in blunt solid organ injury management, 10 CT. See Computed tomography (CT) D Diaphragm injuries

5 Index 237 for pediatric surgeon, 68 Direct inguinal hernias, 138 Doernbecher/Randall children s solid organ injury protocol, 70 Dog bites wound management following, 200 E Emergency surgeries pediatric anesthesia for, (See also Anesthesia/anesthetics, for pediatric emergency surgeries) Enterocolitis necrotizing in neonates, 174 Epigastric hernias, 138 Esophageal foreign bodies pediatric, anesthesia for emergency management of, clinical outcomes of, 89 clinical presentation of, 87 diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for, Exposed bone/hardware wound management for, F Face fractures of anesthesia for emergency management of, soft tissue wounds to management of, Fasciitis necrotizing wound management for, FAST examination. See Focal assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) examination Femoral hernias, Fissure(s) anal in neonates, 176 Focal assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) examination in abdominal trauma evaluation for pediatric surgeon, Foreign bodies in airway anesthesia for emergency management of, esophageal (See Esophageal foreign bodies) Fracture(s) facial anesthesia for emergency management of, clinical presentation of, 25 pelvic

6 238 Index Fracture(s) (continued ) in unstable children during surgery nonoperative management of, 13 G Gastrointestinal bleeding lower, (See also Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB)) Genetic disorders in wound healing, Genitourinary injuries for pediatric surgeon, 67 H HD. See Hirschsprung disease (HD) Head evaluation for pediatric surgeon, anatomy related to, 36 clinical outcomes of, 40 clinical presentation related, 37 diagnostic-related, introduction, management of, pathophysiology-related, 36 severe TBI related, Head trauma clinical presentation of, Healing processes, Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm nonoperative management of, 12 Hernia(s). See also specific types, e.g., Indirect inguinal hernias epigastric, 138 femoral, incarcerated pediatric, (See also specific types and Incarcerated pediatric hernias) indirect inguinal, inguinal direct, 138 indirect, lumbar, 138 Spigelian, 138 umbilical, Heterotaxia syndromes (HS), Hirschsprung disease (HD) in neonates, 176 HS. See Heterotaxia syndromes (HS) Hypertrophic scars wound healing and,

7 Index 239 I IAI. See Intraabdominal injury (IAI) IBD. See Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Incarcerated pediatric hernias, See also specific types, e.g., Indirect inguinal hernias direct inguinal hernias, 138 epigastric hernias, 138 femoral hernias, indirect inguinal hernias, introduction, 129 lumbar hernias, 138 Spigelian hernia, 138 umbilical hernia, Incidental appendectomies in pediatric appendicitis management, 104 Indirect inguinal hernias, anatomy related to, 130 clinical presentation of, 130 diagnosis of, 130 epidemiology of, management of complications related to, 135 nonoperative, 130 outcomes of, postoperative care, 136 recurrence following, surgical, anesthesia in, 131 contralateral groin exploration in, laparoscopic repair in, open repair in, open repair vs. laparoscopic repair, 135 preoperative planning for, 131 Infant(s) LGIB in, Infection(s) after vascular access in pediatric population, LGIB related in school-age children, 178 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in school-age children, 178 Inflammatory phase in wound healing, Inguinal hernias direct, 138 indirect, Integumentary injuries clinical presentation of, Intermittent testicular pain

8 240 Index Intermittent (continued ) testicular torsion and, Intestinal injury blunt nonoperative management of, 13 Intestinal rotation abnormalities, anatomy related to, asymptomatic, 156 clinical outcomes, 157 clinical presentation of, defined, embryology related to, HS, introduction, 147 management of surgical technique, radiologic diagnosis of, special considerations, Intraabdominal injury (IAI) causes of, 60 Intussusception, anesthesia for emergency management of, 228 clinical manifestation of, clinical presentation of, 180 described, diagnosis of, physical examination in, 180 idiopathic, in infants and toddlers, 177 pathophysiology of, secondary, 180 treatment of, nonoperative reduction in, recurrence after, 184 surgical, laparoscopic reduction in, 186 open reduction in, Irrigation in pediatric appendicitis management, K Keloid(s) wound healing and, L Laparoscopy in indirect inguinal hernia management,

9 Index 241 in intussusception management, 186 in pediatric acute traumatic injury diagnosis and management, technical considerations, LGIB. See Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) Line malfunction after vascular access in pediatric population, Line thrombosis after vascular access in pediatric population, 126 Liver biloma of nonoperative management of, Liver injuries blunt, 3 9 (See also Blunt spleen and liver injury, ) angioembolization for, 10 reimaging after, 14 for pediatric surgeon, 66 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB), clinical presentation of, differential diagnosis of, 174 epidemiology of, 173 in infants and toddlers, initial, in neonates, 174 in school-age children, Lumbar hernias, 138 M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cervical spine evaluation for pediatric surgeon, in head evaluation for pediatric surgeon, 39 in intussusception evaluation, 182 in pediatric appendicitis evaluation, 97 Malignancy(ies) in school-age children, 178 Maternal blood swallowed by neonates, 176 Maturation phase in wound healing, Meckel diverticulum in infants and toddlers, 177 Midgut volvulus, in neonates, 174 Minimally invasive surgery in pediatric trauma, algorithm for, 79 introduction, 75 76

10 242 Index Minimally (continued) laparoscopy in, thoracic trauma and, 82 MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) N NEC. See Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates, 174 Necrotizing fasciitis wound management for, Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), Neonate(s) anal fissures in, 176 HD in, 176 LGIB in, midgut volvulus in, 174 NEC in, 174 swallowed maternal blood among, 176 Nonaccidental trauma, clinical presentation of, abdominal injuries, fractures, 25 head trauma, integumentary injuries, epidemiology of, evaluation/diagnosis of, introduction, NPWT. See Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) O Open reduction in intussusception management, Ovarian torsion pediatric, anatomy related to, 210 clinical presentation of, diagnosis of, introduction, 209 pathophysiology of, treatment of, clinical outcomes after, P Pain testicular mimickers of,

11 testicular torsion and, Pancreatic injury for pediatric surgeon, 67 nonoperative management of, 13 PAS. See Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) Pediatric appendicitis, See also Appendicitis Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS), Pediatric emergency surgeries anesthesia for, (See also Anesthesia/anesthetics, for pediatric emergency surgeries) Pediatric ovarian torsion, See also Ovarian torsion, pediatric Pediatric surgeon abdominal trauma evaluation for, (See also Abdominal trauma evaluation, for pediatric surgeon) cervical spine evaluation for, (See also Cervical spine evaluation, for pediatric surgeon) head evaluation for, (See also Head evaluation, for pediatric surgeon) Pediatric surgery blunt solid organ injury in nonoperative management of, 1 20 (See also Blunt solid organ injury, in pediatric surgery) nonaccidental trauma in, (See also Nonaccidental trauma, ) Pediatric testicular torsion, See also Testicular torsion, pediatric Pediatric trauma minimally invasive surgery in, (See also Minimally invasive surgery, in pediatric trauma) Pelvic fracture in unstable children during surgery nonoperative management of, 13 Perforation after vascular access in pediatric population, 126 Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in vascular access in pediatric population, 124 Peripheral vascular access in vascular access in pediatric population, Peripheral venous access in preoperative planning in pediatric population, 114 PICC. See Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) Plain radiographs in cervical spine evaluation for pediatric surgeon, 46 Polyp(s) in school-age children, 178 Posttonsillectomy bleeding anesthesia for emergency management of, Proliferative phase in wound healing, Pseudoaneurysm(s) nonoperative management of Index 243

12 244 Index Pseudoaneurysm(s) (continued) hepatic artery, 12 renal artery, 12 splenic artery, R Radiography in cervical spine evaluation for pediatric surgeon, 46 in intussusception evaluation, Rectal injuries for pediatric surgeon, 67 Rehabilitation after vascular access in pediatric population, Renal artery pseudoaneurym nonoperative management of, 12 Renal artery thrombosis nonoperative management of, Renal injuries high-grade nonoperative management of, 10 angioembolization for, 10 reimaging after, 14 Renal trauma blunt nonoperative management of, 9 10 S Scar(s) hypertrophic wound healing and, School-age children LGIB in, Seldinger technique in vascular access in pediatric population, Shunt(s) ventriculoperitoneal anesthesia for emergency management of, Small bowel injuries for pediatric surgeon, Soft tissue wounds to face management of, Solid organ injury blunt

13 Index 245, 1 20 (See also Blunt solid organ injury, ) Spigelian hernia, 138 Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm nonoperative management of, Splenic injuries blunt, 3 9 (See also Blunt spleen and liver injury, ) angioembolization for, 10 reimaging after, 14 for pediatric surgeon, 66 Stomach injuries for pediatric surgeon, Swallowed maternal blood by neonates, 176 T TBI. See Traumatic brain injury (TBI) Testicular pain intermittent testicular torsion and, mimickers of, Testicular torsion pediatric, clinical presentation of, differential diagnosis of, 162 epidemiology of, 161 imaging and laboratory tests in, initial, history of, 161 intermittent testicular pain and, management of follow-up care, 166 initial, 164 operative, overview of, 161 perinatal torsion, 162 Thoracic trauma minimally invasive surgery for, 82 Thrombosis(es) line-related after vascular access in pediatric population, 126 renal artery nonoperative management of, vessel after vascular access in pediatric population, 126

14 246 Index Toddler(s) LGIB in, Trauma abdominal for pediatric surgeon, (See also Abdominal trauma evaluation, for pediatric surgeon) head clinical presentation of, nonaccidental, (See also Nonaccidental trauma, ) pediatric minimally invasive surgery in, (See also Minimally invasive surgery, in pediatric trauma) renal blunt nonoperative management of, 9 10 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) nonoperative management of, 13 severe in head evaluation for pediatric surgeon, Tunneling technique in vascular access in pediatric population, U Ultrasound in intussusception evaluation, 181 in pediatric appendicitis evaluation, 96 in vascular access in pediatric population, Umbilical hernias, Urinoma nonoperative management of, 13 V Vascular access in pediatric population, complications following, introduction, rehabilitation and recovery following, surgical technique, anatomy related to, 119 cut-down technique, 118 equipment, 117 immediate postoperative care, 124 percutaneous technique, peripheral vascular access,

15 Index 247 PICCs, 124 preoperative planning, preparation and patient positioning, procedural approach, Seldinger technique, tunneling technique, ultrasound in, Ventriculoperitoneal shunt anesthesia for emergency management of, Vessel thrombosis after vascular access in pediatric population, 126 Volvulus midgut, in neonates, 174 W Wound(s) soft tissue to face management of, Wound healing, genetic disorders in, molecular requirements for, phases of, inflammatory phase, maturation phase, proliferative phase, problems associated with, hypertrophic scars and keloids, Wound management, debridement in, 196 for dog bites, 200 for exposed bone/hardware, for necrotizing fasciitis, NPWT, postoperative care, soft tissue wounds to face, suture types in,