CONTENTS. Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page v

Transcription

1 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page v CONTENTS Foreword xxiii Preface to the second edition xxv Acknowledgements xxix Note on the translation of Chinese medical terms xxxi CHAPTER 1 HEADACHES 1 AETIOLOGY 2 Constitutional deficiency 2 Emotional stress 3 Overwork 4 Excessive sexual activity 4 Irregular diet 5 Trauma 5 Childbirth 6 External pathogenic factors 6 CHANNELS 6 PATHOLOGY 10 Excess of Yang 10 Deficiency of Yang 11 Excess of Yin 11 Deficiency of Yin 11 DIAGNOSIS 12 Diagnosis according to channels 12 Diagnosis according to type of pain 15 Diagnosis according to amelioration and aggravation 16 TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND PRINCIPLES OF POINT SELECTION 17 Treating the Root or the Manifestation 18 Point selection 18 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 19 Wind-Cold 20 Wind-Heat 21 Wind-Dampness 22 Liver-Yang rising 23 Liver-Fire 32 Liver-Wind 34 Liver-Qi stagnation 35 Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel 36 Dampness 37 Turbid Phlegm 40 Turbid Phlegm-Wind 42 Liver-Yang rising with Phlegm in the head 42 Retention of food 43 Stasis of Blood 44 Stomach-Heat 47 Qi deficiency 47 Blood deficiency 48 Kidney deficiency 49 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 52 CLINICAL TRIALS 55 Acupuncture 55 Herbal medicine 58 PATIENTS STATISTICS 59 WESTERN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEADACHES 59 Intracranial 60 Cranial 62 Extracranial 62 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 63 CHAPTER 2 DIZZINESS 65 AETIOLOGY 66 Emotional strain 66 Overwork and excessive sexual activity 66 Irregular diet 66 PATHOLOGY 66 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 67 Liver-Yang, Liver-Fire or Liver-Wind rising 67 Turbid Phlegm in the head 69 Liver-Yang rising with Phlegm in the head 70 Qi and Blood deficiency 71 Kidney-Essence deficiency 71 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 73 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 74 Ear 74 Eighth cranial nerve 75 Brainstem 75

2 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page vi vi CHAPTER 3 BREATHLESSNESS (CHUAN) 77 AETIOLOGY 78 External pathogenic factors 78 Irregular diet 79 Emotional problems 79 Overwork, chronic illness 79 PATHOLOGY 79 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 81 Wind-Cold invading the Lungs 82 Wind-Cold on the Exterior, Phlegm-Fluids in the Interior 83 Cold on the Exterior, Heat in the Interior 84 Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs 84 Turbid Phlegm in the Lungs 85 Lung-Qi Obstructed 86 Liver-Fire invading the Lungs 86 Lung-Qi deficiency 88 Lung-Yin deficiency 88 Lung and Kidney deficiency 89 Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 92 Lung- and Kidney-Yang deficiency, Fluids overflowing to Heart and Lungs 94 Lung-, Heart- and Kidney-Yang deficiency, Fluids overflowing to the Heart 94 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 96 Diet 97 Life habits 97 Preventive treatment 97 WESTERN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 97 Causes in Lungs 97 Causes in Heart 99 General causes 99 CHAPTER 4 WHEEZING (XIAO) 101 AETIOLOGY 102 External pathogenic factors 102 Irregular diet 102 Weak body condition 102 PATHOLOGY 102 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 103 Cold Phlegm 103 Hot Phlegm 104 Lung deficiency 105 Spleen deficiency 106 Kidney deficiency 108 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 109 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 110 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 111 Acute bronchitis 111 Chronic bronchitis 111 Asthma 111 CHAPTER 5 ALLERGIC ASTHMA (ATOPIC ECZEMA) 113 ALLERGIC ASTHMA IN WESTERN MEDICINE 115 Pathology 115 Aetiology 118 Clinical features 123 Differential diagnosis 123 CONNECTIONS AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EARLY- ONSET ALLERGIC ASTHMA AND XIAO-CHUAN 125 Aetiology 125 Pathology 126 Identification of patterns and treatment 129 Late-onset, non-allergic asthma 130 A NEW THEORY OF ASTHMA 130 AETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 130 Identification of patterns and treatment 138 THE LIVER AND ASTHMA 145 Liver-Qi stagnant, insulting the Lungs 145 Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs 146 Liver-Yin deficiency 147 ATOPIC ECZEMA 147 Acute eczema 150 Chronic eczema 152 External treatment 153 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 153 CLINICAL TRIALS 161 Acupuncture 161 Herbal medicine 162 CASE HISTORIES 164 PATIENTS STATISTICS 171 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 171 WESTERN DRUG THERAPY 172 Antiallergic drugs (mast cell stabilizers) 172 Bronchodilators 173 Corticosteroids 173 Leukotriene antagonists 173 CHAPTER 6 ALLERGIC RHINITIS 177 ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN WESTERN MEDICINE 177 Aetiology 178 Pathology 178 THE CHINESE THEORY OF BI YUAN 179 Aetiology 179

3 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page vii vii Pathology 180 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND BI YUAN 181 Differences between allergic rhinitis and Bi Yuan 181 The Chinese theory of Bi Qiu ( stuffy nose ) 181 A NEW THEORY OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS 182 Aetiology 182 Pathology 182 TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS 184 Seasonal allergic rhinitis 184 Perennial allergic rhinitis 188 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 191 CLINICAL TRIALS 192 Acupuncture 192 Acupuncture and herbal medicine 194 Herbal medicine 195 CASE HISTORIES 197 CHAPTER 7 SINUSITIS (NASAL POLYPS) 201 SINUSITIS 202 AETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 202 Repeated invasions of Wind 202 Diet 203 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 203 Wind-Heat 205 Lung-Heat 205 Liver- and Gall Bladder-Fire 206 Stomach and Spleen Damp Heat 207 Qi and Blood stagnation 207 Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency 208 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 209 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 210 CLINICAL TRIALS 210 Acupuncture 210 PROGNOSIS 211 NASAL POLYPS 211 CHINESE MEDICINE TREATMENT 211 Lung-Heat with stagnation 212 Damp Phlegm with stasis 212 Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Damp Phlegm 213 CHAPTER 8 COUGH 215 AETIOLOGY 216 External pathogenic factors 216 Emotional stress 217 Diet 217 Chronic illness 217 PATHOLOGY 217 ACUPUNCTURE IN COUGH 219 DIAGNOSIS 220 Sound 220 Time of day 220 Sputum 221 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 221 ACUTE 222 ACUTE EXTERIOR 223 Invasion of Wind-Cold 223 Invasion of Wind-Heat 224 Invasion of Wind-Dryness 225 ACUTE INTERIOR 226 Lung-Heat 226 Lung Phlegm-Heat 227 CHRONIC 229 CHRONIC FULL 229 Damp Phlegm in the Lungs 229 Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs 230 Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs 231 Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs 232 CHRONIC EMPTY 233 Lung-Qi Deficiency 233 Lung-Yin Deficiency 234 Lung-Dryness 234 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 236 CLINICAL TRIALS 239 Herbal medicine 239 PROGNOSIS 240 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 240 Tracheitis 240 Acute bronchitis 240 Chronic bronchitis 241 Whooping cough 241 Pleurisy 241 Pneumonia 241 Carcinoma of the bronchi 241 Tuberculosis of the lungs 241 Bronchiectasis 241 Heart disease 241 CHAPTER 9 THE PSYCHE IN CHINESE MEDICINE 243 NATURE OF THE MIND (SHEN) IN CHINESE MEDICINE 243 THE FIVE MENTAL-SPIRITUAL ASPECTS 247 The Ethereal Soul (Hun) 248 The Corporeal Soul (Po) 264 The Intellect (Yi) 272

4 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page viii viii The Will-Power (Zhi) 274 CHAPTER 10 THE EMOTIONS 277 THE EMOTIONS 282 Anger 282 Joy 285 Worry 287 Pensiveness 288 Sadness and grief 290 Fear 291 Shock 292 Love 293 Craving 294 Guilt 295 Shame 297 THE PATHOLOGY OF QI AND MINISTER FIRE IN EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS 298 The effect of emotions on the body s Qi 298 The pathology of the Minister Fire in emotional problems 303 CHAPTER 11 AETIOLOGY OF MENTAL-EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS 311 CONSTITUTION 312 Wood type 312 Fire type 312 Earth type 314 Metal type 314 Water type 315 DIET 316 Excessive consumption of hot-energy foods 316 Excessive consumption of Damp-producing foods 317 Excessive consumption of cold-energy foods 317 Irregular eating habits 317 Insufficient eating 317 OVERWORK 317 EXCESSIVE SEXUAL ACTIVITY 317 DRUGS 317 PREVENTION OF MENTAL-EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS 319 CHAPTER 12 DIAGNOSIS OF MENTAL-EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS 321 COMPLEXION 321 EYES 323 PULSE 324 The pulse and the emotions 324 The Heart pulse 325 General pulse qualities and the emotions 326 TONGUE 326 Red tip 326 Heart crack 328 Sides of the tongue 328 Body shape 329 Combined Stomach and Heart crack 329 CHAPTER 13 DEPRESSION 333 DEFINITION AND WESTERN MEDICINE S VIEW 334 Major depressive syndrome 335 PATHOLOGY OF DEPRESSION IN CHINESE MEDICINE 335 Yu as stagnation 335 Yu as mental depression 336 Depression and the relationship between the Mind (Shen) and the Ethereal Soul (Hun) 337 The Will-Power (Zhi) of the Kidneys in Depression 337 Distinction between Depression in Yu Syndrome and in Dian Syndrome 338 Lilium Syndrome (Bai He Bing) 338 Agitation (Zang Zao) 339 Plum-Stone Syndrome (Mei He Qi) 339 AETIOLOGY 340 Emotional stress 340 Constitutional traits 341 Irregular diet 341 Overwork 341 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 342 Liver-Qi stagnation 342 Heart- and Lung-Qi stagnation 345 Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Heat 346 Phlegm-Heat harassing the Mind 347 Blood stasis obstructing the Mind 348 Qi stagnation with Phlegm 350 Diaphragm Heat 352 Worry injuring the Mind 353 Heart and Spleen deficiency 354 Heart-Yang deficiency 355 Kidney- and Heart-Yin deficiency, Empty Heat blazing 356 Kidney-Yang deficiency 357 ACUPUNCTURE POINTS FOR DEPRESSION 358 HERBS FOR DEPRESSION 364 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 366 CLINICAL TRIALS 370 Acupuncture 370 Herbal medicine 374 CASE HISTORIES 375 PATIENTS STATISTICS 382 CHAPTER 14 ANXIETY 385

5 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page ix ix ANXIETY IN WESTERN MEDICINE 385 ANXIETY IN CHINESE MEDICINE 387 Chinese disease entities corresponding to anxiety 387 Rebellious Qi of the Penetrating Vessel (Chong Mai) 387 Palpitations in Chinese diagnosis 390 Difference between Mind Unsettled and Mind Obstructed in anxiety 390 AETIOLOGY 390 Emotional stress 390 Constitution 391 Irregular diet 391 Loss of blood 391 Overwork 391 PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT PRINCIPLES 391 Heart 392 Lungs 393 Kidneys 393 Spleen 394 Liver 394 ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF ANXIETY 395 Distal points according to channel 395 Head points 396 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 397 Heart and Gall Bladder deficiency 397 Heart-Blood deficiency 398 Kidney- and Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 399 Heart-Yang deficiency 399 Lung- and Heart-Qi deficiency 400 Lung- and Heart-Qi stagnation 401 Lung- and Heart-Yin deficiency 401 Heart-Blood stasis 402 Phlegm-Heat harassing the Heart 403 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 404 CASE HISTORIES 404 CHAPTER 15 INSOMNIA (SOMNOLENCE, POOR MEMORY) 407 AETIOLOGY 409 Worry 409 Anger 410 Overwork 410 Gall Bladder timid 410 Irregular diet 410 Childbirth 410 Residual Heat 410 Excessive sexual activity 411 PATHOLOGY 411 DIAGNOSIS 413 Sleep 413 Dreams 413 Sleeping positions 414 Snoring 414 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 414 Liver-Fire blazing 415 Heart-Fire blazing 416 Phlegm-Heat harassing the Mind 417 Heart-Qi stagnation 418 Heart-Blood stasis 419 Residual Heat in the diaphragm 420 Retention of Food 420 Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency 421 Heart-Yin deficiency 423 Heart and Kidneys not harmonized 424 Heart and Gall Bladder deficiency 425 Liver-Yin deficiency 425 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 428 CLINICAL TRIALS 431 Acupuncture 431 Herbal medicine 433 PATIENTS STATISTICS 433 CHAPTER APPENDIX 1/SOMNOLENCE 434 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 434 Dampness obstructing the Brain 434 Phlegm misting the Brain 435 Spleen deficiency 436 Kidney-Yang deficiency (Deficiency of Sea of Marrow) 436 CHAPTER APPENDIX 2/POOR MEMORY 437 AETIOLOGY 438 Worry and pensiveness 438 Overwork and excessive sexual activity 438 Childbirth 438 Sadness 438 Recreational drugs 438 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 438 Spleen deficiency 438 Kidney-Essence deficiency 439 Heart deficiency 439 CHAPTER 16 PATTERNS IN MENTAL-EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR TREATMENT WITH HERBAL MEDICINE AND ACUPUNCTURE 441 THE EFFECT OF MENTAL-EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS ON QI, BLOOD, YIN AND PATHOGENIC FACTORS 442 Effects on Qi 442 Effects on Blood 443 Effects on Yin 444 Pathogenic factors in mental-emotional problems 445 MIND OBSTRUCTED, UNSETTLED, WEAKENED 447 Mind Obstructed 447 Mind Unsettled 448

6 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page x x Mind Weakened 448 Herbal treatment methods for Mind Obstructed, Unsettled or Weakened 449 Treatment principles 449 MIND OBSTRUCTED 450 Qi stagnation 451 Blood stasis 455 Phlegm misting the Mind 458 MIND UNSETTLED 462 Blood deficiency 462 Yin deficiency 463 Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 467 Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 469 Qi stagnation 471 Blood stasis 472 Fire 472 Phlegm-Fire 476 MIND WEAKENED 478 Qi and Blood deficiency 478 Yang deficiency 482 Blood deficiency 484 Yin deficiency 484 CHAPTER 17 TINNITUS 493 AETIOLOGY 493 Emotional strain 493 Overwork 494 Old age 494 Diet 494 Excessive sexual activity 494 Exposure to loud sounds 494 PATHOLOGY 494 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 496 FULL 496 Liver-Yang rising 496 Rising of Liver- and Gall Bladder-Fire 497 Liver-Wind 499 Phlegm-Fire flaring upwards 499 EMPTY 501 Kidney-Essence deficiency 501 Upper Burner Qi weak 503 Heart-Blood deficiency 504 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 504 PROGNOSIS 505 CHAPTER 18 GOITRE (HYPOTHYROIDISM, HYPERTHYROIDISM) 507 AETIOLOGY 509 Emotional stress 509 Diet 509 Environment 509 Constitution 509 PATHOLOGY 510 DIAGNOSIS 511 GENERAL TREATMENT INDICATIONS 512 Acupuncture 512 Herbal treatment of masses 513 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 514 Qi stagnation and Phlegm (also called Qi Goitre) 514 Liver-Qi stagnation, Spleen-Qi deficiency and Phlegm 515 Phlegm and Blood stasis 516 Liver-Fire blazing with Phlegm-Heat 517 Heart- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Phlegm 518 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 519 GOITRE IN WESTERN MEDICINE 519 HYPOTHYROIDISM 521 PATHOLOGY 521 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 522 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 523 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency 524 Qi and Blood deficiency 524 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 526 HYPERTHYROIDISM 526 PATHOLOGY 526 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 527 HYPERTHYROIDISM IN CHINESE MEDICINE: A REVIEW OF CHINESE LITERATURE 528 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 533 Liver-Qi stagnation 533 Heat in Liver, Heart and Stomach 534 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 535 Phlegm-Heat in the Liver 536 CASE HISTORIES 537 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 539 CHAPTER 19 HYPERTENSION 541 HYPERTENSION IN WESTERN MEDICINE 542 Causes of hypertension 543 Pathology of essential hypertension 544 Complications 544 Assessment 545 Treatment 545 HYPERTENSION IN CHINESE MEDICINE 547

7 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xi xi Pathology of hypertension in Chinese medicine 547 Aetiology of hypertension in Chinese medicine 552 Thoughts on hypertension in Chinese medicine 552 Effects of hypertension medication on the pulse 556 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 557 Liver-Yang rising 557 Liver-Wind 559 Liver-Fire 560 Liver-Qi stagnation, Blood rebelling upwards 562 Liver invading the Spleen 562 Phlegm obstructing the orifices and the blood vessels 563 Blood stasis in the Connecting (Luo) channels 564 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 565 Qi and Yin deficiency 566 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency 567 Disharmony of Penetrating and Directing Vessels (Chong and Ren Mai) 568 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 569 CASE HISTORIES 570 PATIENTS STATISTICS 572 CLINICAL TRIALS 573 Acupuncture 573 Herbal medicine 575 CHAPTER 20 TIREDNESS 579 AETIOLOGY 581 Weak constitution 581 Overwork 582 Physical overexertion 583 Diet 583 Severe illness 583 Excessive sexual activity 583 Childbirth 583 Recreational drugs 584 PATHOLOGY 584 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 586 EMPTY 587 Lung-Qi deficiency 587 Spleen-Qi deficiency 588 Heart-Qi deficiency 589 Heart-Yang deficiency 590 Spleen-Yang deficiency 591 Kidney-Yang deficiency 592 Heart-Blood deficiency 594 Liver-Blood deficiency 595 Spleen-Blood deficiency 596 Lung-Yin deficiency 597 Heart-Yin deficiency 598 Stomach- and Spleen-Yin deficiency 599 Liver-Yin deficiency 601 Kidney-Yin deficiency 602 FULL 603 Liver-Qi stagnation 604 Liver-Blood stasis 609 Liver-Yang rising 609 Liver-Fire blazing 611 Liver-Wind 611 Phlegm 612 Dampness 615 PATIENTS STATISTICS 617 WESTERN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 618 Chronic nephritis 618 Glandular fever (mononucleosis) 618 Chronic fatigue syndrome 618 Carcinoma 618 Addison s disease 619 Hypothyroidism 619 Diabetes mellitus 619 CHAPTER 21 CHEST PAINFUL OBSTRUCTION SYNDROME 621 AETIOLOGY 622 External pathogenic factors 622 Diet 623 Emotional problems 623 Old age 623 PATHOLOGY 623 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 626 Phlegm-Fluids in chest-hypochondrium (Xuan Yin) 626 Epigastric pain 626 True Heart pain 626 TREATMENT STRATEGIES 627 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 627 FULL 627 Stagnation of Qi in the chest 627 Heart-Blood stasis 628 Turbid Phlegm stagnating in the chest 630 Stagnation of Cold in the chest 635 Liver-Fire harassing the Heart in the chest 637 EMPTY 638 Spleen- and Heart-Yang deficiency 638 Qi and Yin deficiency 639 Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 640 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 641 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 642 CLINICAL TRIALS 654 Acupuncture 654 Herbal medicine 655 WESTERN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 659 Pleurisy 659

8 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xii xii Lung embolism 659 Carcinoma of bronchus 660 Ischaemic heart disease 660 Angina pectoris 660 Myocardial infarction 660 Hiatus hernia 660 Carcinoma of oesophagus 661 CHAPTER 22 EPIGASTRIC PAIN 663 AETIOLOGY 664 External pathogenic factors 664 Diet 664 Emotional problems 667 Overexertion 667 Overwork 667 Constitutional weakness 668 Wrong treatment 668 PATHOLOGY 668 DIAGNOSIS 669 Nature of pain 669 Time of pain 670 Amelioration or aggravation of pain 670 Thirst 670 Taste 670 Belching 670 Regurgitation 670 Nausea and vomiting 670 Distension, oppression, stuffiness and fullness 671 Palpation of epigastrium 671 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 671 FULL 672 Cold invading the Stomach 672 Retention of Food 673 Liver-Qi invading the Stomach 675 Stomach-Heat 678 Stomach-Fire 679 Stomach-Phlegm-Fire 681 Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen 682 Damp Heat in the Stomach and Spleen 683 Stomach- and Liver-Heat 684 Stasis of Blood in the Stomach 685 Phlegm-Fluids in the Stomach 688 EMPTY 689 Stomach and Spleen deficient and Cold 689 Stomach-Yin deficiency 690 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 692 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 692 CLINICAL TRIALS 696 Acupuncture 696 Herbal medicine 697 WESTERN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 700 Oesophagus 700 Stomach 700 Duodenum 701 Pancreas 701 Large intestine 701 Gall bladder 701 CHAPTER 23 NAUSEA AND VOMITING 703 AETIOLOGY 704 External pathogenic factors 704 Irregular diet 704 Emotional stress 704 Overwork 705 PATHOLOGY 705 DIAGNOSIS 706 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 707 Invasion of external Cold in the Stomach 708 Liver-Qi invading the Stomach 708 Cold in the Stomach 709 Cold Dampness in the Stomach 709 Stomach-Heat 710 Phlegm obstructing the Stomach 710 Heat in the Liver and Gall Bladder 711 Stomach- and Liver-Fire 712 Retention of Food 712 Heart-Qi stagnation 713 Stomach-Qi deficiency 713 Stomach deficient and cold 714 Stomach-Yin deficiency 715 CLINICAL TRIALS 715 Acupuncture 715 Herbal medicine 716 CHAPTER 24 GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE 717 GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN WESTERN MEDICINE 718 GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN CHINESE MEDICINE 719 Cao Za: Gnawing Hunger 719 Fan Wei: Regurgitation of Food 719 Ye Ge: Dysphagia and Blockage 719 E Ni: Hiccup 719 Tun Suan: Sour Regurgitation 719 Tu Suan: Sour Vomiting 720 AETIOLOGY OF GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE 720 Emotional stress 720 Irregular diet 720 Overwork 721

9 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xiii xiii PATHOLOGY OF GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE 721 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 723 Qi stagnation with Phlegm 723 Stomach- and Liver-Heat 723 Blood stasis 724 Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 725 Deficiency of Yang of Stomach and Spleen 726 Kidney-Yang deficiency 726 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 727 CHAPTER 25 MOUTH ULCERS 729 MOUTH ULCERS IN CHINESE MEDICINE 730 Pathology 730 Diagnosis 730 Yin Fire 731 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 735 Heat in Heart and Spleen 736 Stomach-Heat 736 Toxic Heat 737 Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 738 Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 738 Stomach and Spleen deficiency with Yin Fire 739 Stomach deficient and cold 740 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 741 CHAPTER 26 HYPOCHONDRIAL PAIN (GALL BLADDER STONES) 745 HYPOCHONDRIAL PAIN 746 AETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 746 Emotional strain 746 External Dampness 746 Diet 746 Overwork and excessive sexual activity 746 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 746 FULL 747 Stagnation of Liver-Qi 747 Stasis of Liver-Blood 747 Damp Heat in Liver and Gall Bladder 748 EMPTY 749 Liver-Blood deficiency 749 Deficiency of Liver-Yin 750 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 750 Right hypochondrial pain 750 Left hypochondrial pain 751 CHAPTER APPENDIX GALL BLADDER STONES 751 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS 751 Stagnation of Liver-Qi 751 Damp Heat in Liver and Gall Bladder 751 TREATMENT 752 Stagnation of Liver-Qi 752 Damp Heat in Liver and Gall Bladder 752 NOTES ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT 753 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 753 CHAPTER 27 ABDOMINAL PAIN 757 AETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 758 External pathogenic factors 758 Emotional stress 759 Improper diet 759 DIAGNOSIS 759 Nature of pain 760 Reaction to pressure 760 Reaction to food or drink 760 Reaction to bowel movement 760 Reaction to activity or rest 761 Reaction to heat 761 Tongue signs 761 Pulse signs 761 Palpation of the abdomen 761 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 762 FULL 762 Cold in the Intestines 762 Cold Dampness in the Intestines 763 Damp Heat in the Intestines 764 Retention of Food 765 Stagnation of Qi 766 Stagnation of Qi with Dampness 770 Qi stagnation, Dampness, Qi deficiency 771 Stasis of Blood 772 EMPTY 773 Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking 773 Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold in the Abdomen 774 Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness 775 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency 775 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 776 PATIENTS STATISTICS 776 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 777 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 778 Kidney 778 Appendix 778 Large intestine 778 Small intestine 779 CHAPTER 28 ABDOMINAL MASSES 781 AETIOLOGY 782 Emotional strain 782 Irregular diet 782

10 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xiv xiv External pathogenic factors 782 PATHOLOGY 782 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 783 QI MASSES 786 Liver-Qi stagnation 786 Retention of Food and Phlegm 787 BLOOD MASSES 788 Stagnation of Qi and Blood 788 Stasis of Blood knotted in the Interior 789 Deficiency of Upright Qi and stasis of Blood 791 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 792 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 797 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 798 CHAPTER 29 DIARRHOEA 799 AETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 799 Invasion of external pathogenic factors 799 Irregular diet 800 Emotional stress 800 Overwork, chronic illness 800 Overwork, excessive sexual activity 800 DIAGNOSIS 801 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 801 FULL 802 Retention of Cold Dampness 802 Retention of Damp Heat 803 Retention of Food 806 Liver-Qi stagnation 807 Blood stasis in the Intestines 807 EMPTY 808 Spleen and Stomach deficiency 808 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency 809 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 810 PROGNOSIS 815 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 815 Inflammatory causes of chronic diarrhoea 815 Non-inflammatory causes of chronic diarrhoea 815 CHAPTER 30 CONSTIPATION 817 AETIOLOGY 818 Irregular diet 818 Emotional stress 818 Lack of exercise 818 Overwork and childbirth 819 Febrile disease 819 PATHOLOGY 819 Stomach 819 Large Intestine 819 Spleen 820 Liver 820 Kidneys 820 Lungs 820 DIAGNOSIS 821 Stool shape 821 Moisture of stools 821 Pain 821 Effort of defecation 821 Colour 821 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 822 CHRONIC INTERIOR HEAT 822 Heat in the Stomach and Large Intestine 822 Heat in the Liver 823 ACUTE HEAT IN FEBRILE DISEASE 825 Acute Large Intestine- and Stomach-Fire 825 QI 826 Stagnation of Liver-Qi 826 DEFICIENCY 827 Qi deficiency 827 Yang deficiency 828 Blood deficiency 829 Yin deficiency 830 COLD 831 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Cold 832 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 833 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 833 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 834 Acute appendicitis 834 Intestinal obstruction 834 CHAPTER 31 URINARY SYNDROME (URINARY CALCULI) 837 PATHOLOGY 839 Dampness 839 Qi stagnation 839 Qi deficiency 839 Kidney deficiency 840 OVERVIEW OF PATTERNS 841 Heat Urinary Syndrome 842 Stone Urinary Syndrome 842 Qi Urinary Syndrome 842 Blood Urinary Syndrome 842 Sticky Urinary Syndrome 842 Fatigue Urinary Syndrome 842 AETIOLOGY 844 External Dampness 844 Diet 845 Excessive sexual activity 845 Old age and chronic illness 845 Emotional stress 845

11 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xv xv Excessive lifting or standing 845 DIAGNOSIS 845 Frequency of urination 846 Ease or difficulty of urination 846 Colour of urine 846 Pain 846 Hypogastric sensations 846 Tongue 846 Pulse 847 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 847 Heat Urinary Syndrome 848 Stone Urinary Syndrome 853 Qi Urinary Syndrome 855 Blood Urinary Syndrome 859 Sticky Urinary Syndrome 860 Fatigue Urinary Syndrome 862 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 863 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 867 PATIENTS STATISTICS 867 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 868 Cystitis 868 Urethritis 868 Prostatitis and prostatic hypertrophy 868 Urinary calculi 869 Tuberculosis of the kidneys 869 CLINICAL TRIALS 869 Acupuncture 869 Herbal medicine 870 CHAPTER APPENDIX URINARY CALCULI 871 AETIOLOGY 871 Excessive sexual activity 871 Diet 871 Lack of exercise 871 Loss of fluids 871 PATHOLOGY 871 Acute stage 871 Chronic stage 872 TREATMENT 872 Acute stage 872 Chronic stage 873 PROGNOSIS 874 Location 874 Shape and size 874 Time of treatment 874 Body condition 874 CHAPTER 32 ENURESIS AND INCONTINENCE (BLOOD IN THE URINE) 875 AETIOLOGY 876 Weak constitution 876 Shock 876 Old age 876 Excessive sexual activity 876 Chronic cough 876 Childbirth 876 PATHOLOGY 876 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 877 EMPTY 877 Lung-Qi deficiency 877 Spleen-Qi deficiency 878 Kidney-Yang deficiency 878 Kidney-Yin deficiency 880 FULL 882 Liver Fire infusing downwards 882 Heart Fire 883 Damp Heat in the Bladder 884 PROGNOSIS 884 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 885 CHAPTER APPENDIX BLOOD IN THE URINE 887 CHAPTER 33 URINARY RETENTION 889 PATHOLOGY 890 Dampness or Damp Heat 890 Lung-Heat 890 Spleen-Qi not rising 890 Kidney-Yang deficiency 890 Kidney-Yin deficiency 891 Liver-Qi stagnation 891 Blood stasis 891 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 891 Damp Heat in the Bladder 891 Lung-Heat 892 Liver-Qi stagnation 892 Blood stasis 893 Spleen-Qi sinking 893 Kidney-Yang deficiency 894 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 895 CHAPTER 34 INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS 897 INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS IN CHINESE MEDICINE 898 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 899 Spleen-Qi and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Yin Fire 899 Spleen-Qi and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Dampness 900 Spleen-Qi and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Qi stagnation 901

12 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xvi xvi Spleen-Qi and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Blood stasis 902 Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 903 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 903 CHAPTER 35 BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA 905 THE PROSTATE AND BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA IN WESTERN MEDICINE 905 THE PROSTATE IN CHINESE MEDICINE 907 PATHOLOGY OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA IN CHINESE MEDICINE 910 Deficiency of Kidneys, Spleen and Lungs 910 Dampness and Phlegm 910 Stasis of Essence (Jing) 910 Blood stasis 911 TREATMENT STRATEGIES 912 Herbal strategy 912 Acupuncture 912 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 914 Blood stasis 914 Damp Phlegm 914 Kidney- and Spleen-Yang deficiency 915 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 916 Stasis of Essence (Jing) 917 Liver-Qi stagnation with Damp Phlegm 918 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 918 WESTERN MEDICINE 922 CHAPTER 36 PROSTATITIS AND PROSTATODYNIA 925 CHRONIC PROSTATITIS IN WESTERN MEDICINE 925 CHRONIC PROSTATITIS IN CHINESE MEDICINE 927 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 929 Damp Heat in Lower Burner 930 Damp Heat with Toxic Heat in Lower Burner 931 Qi stagnation, Blood stasis, stasis of Essence, stasis in Blood Connecting channels 932 Kidney-Qi deficiency with Dampness 933 Kidney-Yang and Liver-Blood deficiency 934 Kidney-Yin deficiency 935 Damp Heat and turbidity in the Lower Burner, deficiency of Kidney-Essence 936 Heart and Kidney deficiency 936 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 937 CLINICAL TRIALS 941 Acupuncture 941 Herbal medicine 941 CHAPTER 37 OEDEMA (NEPHRITIS) 945 AETIOLOGY 946 Exterior Wind 946 Exterior Dampness 946 Irregular diet 946 Overwork and excessive sexual activity 946 Toxic Heat from sores or carbuncles 946 PATHOLOGY 947 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 950 YANG OEDEMA 951 Wind-Water invading the Defensive-Qi portion 951 Toxic Heat 952 Dampness 954 Damp Heat 955 YIN OEDEMA 957 Spleen-Yang deficiency 957 Heart-Yang deficiency 958 Kidney-Yang deficiency 958 QI OEDEMA 960 Qi stagnation 960 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 961 PROGNOSIS 962 WESTERN MEDICINE DIFFERENTIATION 962 CHAPTER APPENDIX 1 ACUTE NEPHRITIS 962 AETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 962 Invasion of external Wind 962 Infection 962 External Dampness 962 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 963 Invasion of external Wind-Water 963 Dampness 964 Toxic Heat 964 CHAPTER APPENDIX 2 CHRONIC NEPHRITIS 965 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 967 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency 967 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency, Water overflowing 969 Spleen and Kidney-Yang deficiency, Yin rebelling upwards 970 Spleen and Kidney deficiency, Essence leaking 971 Kidney- and Heart-Yang deficiency, stagnation of Qi and Blood 971 PREVENTION 972 Diet 972 Rest 972 CHAPTER 38 PAINFUL OBSTRUCTION SYNDROME (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS) 973

13 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xvii xvii POINTS 977 THE SPACE BETWEEN SKIN AND MUSCLES (COU LI ) 977 AETIOLOGY 977 External pathogenic factors 977 Excessive physical exercise 978 Overwork 978 Childbirth 978 Trauma 978 Emotional stress 979 PATHOLOGY 979 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS 980 Wind Painful Obstruction Syndrome (or Wandering Painful Obstruction Syndrome) 981 Damp Painful Obstruction Syndrome (or Fixed Painful Obstruction Syndrome) 981 Cold Painful Obstruction Syndrome (or Aching Painful Obstruction Syndrome) 981 Heat Painful Obstruction Syndrome 981 Bone Painful Obstruction Syndrome 981 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES 983 ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT 984 Distal points 985 Local points 987 Adjacent points 988 Points according to pattern 989 HERBAL THERAPY 993 Wind Painful Obstruction Syndrome 994 Cold Painful Obstruction Syndrome 995 Damp Painful Obstruction Syndrome 996 Heat Painful Obstruction Syndrome 997 Chronic Painful Obstruction Syndrome 1000 Sinews-Bones Painful Obstruction Syndrome 1002 TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY 1005 Neck and top of shoulders 1006 Shoulder joint 1008 Elbow 1013 Wrist 1014 Fingers 1015 Hip 1016 Knee 1017 Ankle 1020 Toes 1020 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 1021 Exercise 1021 Diet 1022 Acupuncture 1023 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1023 CLINICAL TRIALS 1030 Acupuncture 1030 Herbal medicine 1032 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 1033 Osteoarthritis 1033 Rheumatoid arthritis 1034 Systemic lupus erythematosus 1035 Psoriatic arthritis 1035 Fibrositis 1036 Bursitis 1036 Tendinitis 1036 Reiter s syndrome 1036 Ulcerative colitis 1037 Ankylosing spondylitis 1038 CHAPTER APPENDIX RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 1038 AETIOLOGY 1039 Invasion of external pathogenic factors 1039 Kidney deficiency, deficiency of the Original Qi (Yuan Qi) 1039 Latent Heat 1039 Immunizations 1039 Irregular diet 1040 PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT PRINCIPLES 1040 Pathology 1040 Treatment principles 1041 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 1042 Acute Damp Heat 1043 Chronic Damp Heat 1043 Wind-Cold-Dampness 1045 Wind-Dampness-Heat 1046 Cold and Heat combined 1046 Phlegm and Blood stasis 1047 Cold Dampness 1048 Wind-Dampness 1048 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 1049 CLINICAL TRIALS 1050 Acupuncture 1050 Herbal medicine 1051 CHAPTER 39 LOWER BACKACHE AND SCIATICA 1055 AETIOLOGY 1058 Excessive physical work 1058 Excessive sexual activity 1058 Pregnancy and childbirth 1058 Invasion of External Cold and Dampness 1058 Overwork 1059 Inadequate exercise 1059 PATHOLOGY 1059 Retention of Cold Dampness 1059 Stagnation of Qi and Blood 1059 Kidney deficiency 1059 Liver-Qi stagnation 1060 DIAGNOSIS 1061 Observation 1061 Interrogation 1061

14 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xviii xviii Palpation 1061 Pulse 1062 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND HERBAL TREATMENT 1064 Invasion of Cold and Dampness 1064 Stagnation of Qi and Blood 1065 Kidney deficiency 1065 Liver-Qi stagnation 1067 ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF LOWER BACKACHE 1067 Acute conditions 1067 Chronic conditions 1071 TREATMENT OF SCIATICA 1074 Acupuncture 1074 Herbal therapy 1076 Cold dampness invading the back channels 1076 Damp Heat invading the back channels 1076 Stagnation of Qi and Blood 1077 Kidney deficiency 1077 PATIENTS STATISTICS 1078 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 1079 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1080 CLINICAL TRIALS 1080 Acupuncture 1080 WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 1087 Chronic lower lumbar ligamentous strain 1087 Spondylosis 1087 Spinal osteoarthritis 1088 Prolapsed lumbar disc 1088 CHAPTER 40 FIBROMYALGIA 1091 FIBROMYALGIA IN WESTERN MEDICINE 1092 Clinical manifestations 1092 Diagnosis of fibromyalgia 1093 Causes of fibromyalgia 1094 Treatment of fibromyalgia 1095 Janet Travell s work on trigger points 1095 FIBROMYALGIA IN CHINESE MEDICINE 1097 The space between the skin and muscles (Cou Li) 1097 The Connecting (Luo) channels 1099 The Muscle channels 1103 AETIOLOGY OF FIBROMYALGIA IN CHINESE MEDICINE 1105 Invasion of external pathogenic factors 1105 Emotional stress 1106 Irregular diet 1106 Excessive physical work 1106 PATHOLOGY OF FIBROMYALGIA IN CHINESE MEDICINE 1106 FULL 1106 Dampness 1106 Qi stagnation 1106 Blood stasis 1107 EMPTY 1107 Spleen-Qi or Spleen-Yang deficiency 1107 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency 1107 Liver-Blood deficiency 1107 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 1107 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGY 1108 Resolve Dampness 1108 Move Qi and eliminate stagnation 1109 Invigorate Blood and eliminate stasis 1109 Tonify Qi and Blood 1109 Calm the Mind 1110 ACUPUNCTURE IN THE TREATMENT OF FIBROMYALGIA 1111 Local points 1111 Adjacent points 1111 Distal points 1113 Underlying condition 1114 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 1115 Full Dampness 1115 Dampness with underlying Spleen-Qi deficiency 1116 Dampness, Qi stagnation, Spleen-Qi deficiency 1117 Dampness with Liver-Blood deficiency 1117 Dampness with Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 1118 Qi stagnation, Blood stasis with Dampness 1119 REGIONAL ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT FOR FIBROMYALGIA 1119 Upper back 1119 Neck 1120 Middle back 1120 Lower back 1121 Arms 1121 Legs 1122 CLINICAL TRIALS 1123 Acupuncture 1123 COMPARISON OF MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME, FIBROMYALGIA AND POSTVIRAL FATIGUE SYNDROME 1123 CHAPTER 41 CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME 1127 CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME IN WESTERN MEDICINE 1128 CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME IN CHINESE MEDICINE 1133 Residual pathogenic factor 1133 Latent Heat 1136 Lesser Yang pattern 1139 Yin Fire 1140 Deficiency 1143

15 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xix xix AETIOLOGY 1145 Overwork 1145 Irregular diet 1146 Excessive sexual activity (in men) 1146 Emotional stress 1146 Excessive physical work and sport 1146 Antibiotics (in the case of residual pathogenic factor) 1146 Immunizations (in the case of Latent Heat) 1146 PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT PRINCIPLES 1146 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 1148 FULL 1149 Dampness in the muscles 1149 Heat lurking in the Interior 1156 Lesser Yang pattern 1157 Yin Fire 1160 EMPTY 1161 Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency 1161 Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency 1163 Liver-Blood deficiency 1164 Yin deficiency 1165 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1168 PATIENTS STATISTICS 1168 CHAPTER 42 PARKINSON S DISEASE 1171 AETIOLOGY 1172 Overwork and excessive sexual activity 1172 Diet 1172 Emotional stress 1172 PATHOLOGY 1172 ACUPUNCTURE IN THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSON S DISEASE 1174 Body acupuncture 1174 Scalp acupuncture 1174 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 1174 Liver-Blood deficiency generating Wind 1174 Liver-Yang rising generating Wind 1176 Liver-Fire generating Wind 1178 Phlegm-Heat agitating Wind 1179 Qi and Blood stagnation, stasis in the Blood Connecting channels 1180 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 1181 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 1182 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1183 CLINICAL TRIALS 1187 Acupuncture 1187 Herbal medicine 1188 CHAPTER 43 WIND-STROKE 1191 AETIOLOGY 1192 Overwork and emotional stress 1192 Irregular diet and physical overwork 1192 Excessive sexual activity and inadequate rest 1192 Physical overwork and inadequate rest 1192 PATHOLOGY 1193 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS 1194 ATTACK OF INTERNAL ORGANS (SEVERE TYPE) 1195 Tense (or Close) type 1195 Flaccid (or Open) type 1195 Sequelae of attack of the Internal Organs 1196 ATTACK OF THE CHANNELS ALONE (MILD TYPE) 1197 Attack of main channels 1197 Attack of Connecting (Luo) channels only 1197 TREATMENT 1197 Attack of the Internal Organs 1197 Tense type 1198 Flaccid type 1198 ATTACK OF THE CHANNELS ALONE 1199 Hemiplegia 1199 Aphasia (or slurred speech) 1201 Hypertension 1202 Facial paralysis 1202 Incontinence of stools and urine 1205 Dizziness 1205 Stiffness and contraction of the muscles 1206 PATTERNS IN THE SEQUELAE STAGE 1207 Wind-Phlegm 1207 Damp Phlegm 1208 Stagnation of Qi and Blood 1208 Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 1209 OTHER METHODS OF TREATMENT 1210 Electrical acupuncture 1210 Scalp acupuncture 1210 Point-injection therapy 1210 Physiotherapy 1211 PROGNOSIS, FREQUENCY OF TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION 1211 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1211 CHAPTER 44 ATROPHY SYNDROME 1219 AETIOLOGY 1219 Wind-Heat from a Warm disease 1220 External Dampness 1220 Irregular diet 1220 Excessive sexual activity and overwork 1220 Trauma 1220 Shock 1220 PATHOLOGY 1221

16 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xx xx IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 1222 Heat in Lungs injuring Yin fluids 1224 Invasion of Damp Heat 1225 Invasion of Cold Dampness 1226 Stomach and Spleen deficiency 1227 Spleen and Heart collapse 1228 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency 1229 Blood stasis in the channels 1230 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1231 PROGNOSIS AND WESTERN DIFFERENTIATION 1234 Poliomyelitis 1234 Myasthenia gravis 1234 Motor neurone disease 1234 Multiple sclerosis 1234 Muscular dystrophy 1234 CHAPTER 45 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 1237 AETIOLOGY 1239 Invasion of external Dampness 1239 Irregular diet 1239 Excessive sexual activity 1239 Shock 1239 PATHOLOGY 1240 ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT 1241 Needling manipulation 1241 Local points 1241 Points of the Governing Vessel (Du Mai) 1242 Other Extraordinary Vessels 1243 Scalp acupuncture 1243 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 1243 Dampness in the channels 1243 Damp Phlegm with Spleen deficiency 1244 Stomach and Spleen deficiency 1246 Liver and Kidney deficiency 1247 Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Liver-Wind 1249 Blood stasis 1249 PROGNOSIS 1250 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1250 CHAPTER 46 BLEEDING 1255 AETIOLOGY 1256 External pathogenic factors 1256 Irregular diet 1256 Emotional strain 1256 Overwork 1256 Chronic illness and childbirth 1256 Aftermath of a Heat disease 1256 PATHOLOGY 1257 Qi deficiency 1257 Blood Heat 1257 Blood Empty Heat 1258 Stasis of Blood 1258 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES 1259 Harmonize Blood 1259 Treat the Root-cause of bleeding 1262 Astringe 1262 Treat Qi 1262 COUGHING BLOOD 1264 Wind-Dry Heat 1264 Liver-Fire invading Lungs 1265 Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 1266 Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficient not holding Blood 1267 BLOOD IN THE STOOLS 1268 Damp Heat in the Intestines 1268 Qi and Blood stagnation 1269 Stomach and Spleen deficiency 1270 BLOOD IN THE URINE 1271 Bladder Heat 1272 Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 1272 Deficient Spleen not controlling Blood 1274 Kidney-Qi not firm 1275 Qi and Blood stagnation 1275 BLEEDING UNDER THE SKIN 1276 Blood-Heat 1276 Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 1277 Deficient Qi not holding Blood 1277 BLEEDING GUMS 1278 Stomach-Heat 1278 Stomach Yin deficiency with Empty Heat 1279 Stomach and Spleen deficiency 1279 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 1280 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1280 CHAPTER 47 ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION 1283 ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN CHINESE MEDICINE 1285 The male genital system in Chinese medicine 1286 The Ancestral Muscle, the Penetrating Vessel and the penis 1286 The Penetrating Vessel and the male genital system 1288 Channels influencing men s genitalia 1291 Factors affecting erection 1292 AETIOLOGY OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN CHINESE MEDICINE 1293 Old age 1293 Excessive sexual activity 1293 Irregular diet 1293 Emotional stress 1293 Excessive physical activity 1294

17 Prelims-F07490.qxd 9/7/07 3:00 PM Page xxi xxi Overwork 1294 PATHOLOGY OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN CHINESE MEDICINE 1294 Full and Empty conditions in impotence 1294 Pathogenic factors: Dampness, Blood stasis, stasis of Essence, Phlegm 1295 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 1296 Kidney-Yang deficiency 1297 Kidney-Yin deficiency 1298 Liver-Blood deficiency 1299 Heart-Blood deficiency 1300 Heart- and Gall Bladder-Qi deficiency 1300 Heart and Kidneys not communicating (Heart- and Kidney-Qi deficiency) 1301 Heart and Kidneys not communicating (Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency) 1302 Liver-Qi stagnation 1303 Damp Heat in Lower Burner 1303 Damp Heat in Liver channel 1304 Stasis of Essence (Jing) and Phlegm 1305 MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE 1306 CLINICAL TRIALS 1310 Acupuncture 1310 Herbal medicine 1310 CHAPTER 48 COMMON COLD AND INFLUENZA 1313 INTRODUCTION 1313 The concept of Wind in Chinese medicine 1313 The concept of Warm Disease (Wen Bing) 1315 AETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 1316 The Six Stages 1317 The Four Levels 1318 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS AND TREATMENT 1321 DEFENSIVE-QI LEVEL 1322 Wind-Cold, prevalence of Cold 1322 Wind-Cold, prevalence of Wind 1324 Wind-Heat 1324 Wind-Damp Heat 1327 Wind-Dry Heat 1329 QI LEVEL 1330 Lung-Heat 1330 Lung Phlegm-Heat 1330 Stomach-Heat 1332 Stomach and Intestines Dry Heat 1333 Gall Bladder-Heat 1333 Lesser Yang pattern 1334 Stomach and Spleen Damp Heat 1335 PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION 1336 APPENDIX 1 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS ACCORDING TO THE SIX STAGES 1339 APPENDIX 2 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS ACCORDING TO THE FOUR LEVELS 1343 APPENDIX 3 IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS ACCORDING TO THE THREE BURNERS 1347 APPENDIX 4 PRESCRIPTIONS 1349 APPENDIX 5 ACUPUNCTURE POINTS FOR MENTAL- EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS 1435 APPENDIX 6 HERBS 1443 SUGGESTED SUBSTITUTIONS OF CHINESE ENGLISH-PINYIN GLOSSARY OF CHINESE TERMS 1447 PINYIN-ENGLISH GLOSSARY OF CHINESE TERMS 1455 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1463 CHRONOLOGY OF CHINESE DYNASTIES 1467 INDEX 1469