Biosecurity: Understanding its importance when working on livestock farms

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Biosecurity: Understanding its importance when working on livestock farms Kevin Janni, Extension

2 Do you go onto livestock farms? Do you go in livestock barns?

3 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the Avian Flu Virus (Zygote) Biosecurity: practices to prevent or reduce disease spread Preventing an infection or outbreak Keep disease out Reducing spread Keep disease in

4 Flu and Cold Season Practices Cover a cough Wash your hands Stay home and avoid contact with other people

5 Which pathogens are lurking outside livestock barns? Poultry Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) Exotic Newcastle Swine PRRSV (Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus) Dairy Johne s

6 HPAI in 2014/2015 Source: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

7 Cost to federal taxpayers: million Source: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services

8 HPAI Cases in

9 US avian influenza in 2017 Turkey Low path Chicken Ten low path and two high path cases

10 Wild bird flyways

11 What do you need? BIOSECURITY AWARENESS

12 How pathogens get into barns? Carried in by people on boots, clothing, supplies, equipment or other things Airborne Feed or water Other

versus potentially contaminated areas Only clean things cross

13 Line of Separation Boundary or space between Biosecure and non-biosecure areas Clean and dirty areas Not contaminated versus potentially contaminated areas Only clean things cross the line

disease spread between barns and farms Clear line of

14 Biosecure Entry Get people and supplies in and out of building Prevent introduction of disease organisms Prevent disease spread between barns and farms Clear line of separation

15 Multi-step Contamination 1. Contamination source 2. Contact with viable contaminant source 3. Retain viable contaminant material on boots, clothing, hands, equipment 4. Enter barn 5. Shed viable contaminant material

Retain viable contaminant material on boots, clothing, hands,

16 Break the Chain 1. Contamination source 2. Contact with viable contaminant source 3. Retain viable contaminant material on boots, clothing, hands, other Change boots, change clothing and wash hands!

Do you frequent wildlife areas? http://news.psu.

17 Contaminate Sources Your animals Are you raising poultry, exotic birds, swine or other livestock Wildlife areas Are you a hunter? Do you frequent wildlife areas? Northern pintail image by Brendan Lally/CC 2.0/ flic.kr/p/4yqe26

Contaminate Sources Other livestock farms Do you work on other livestock farms? Infected farms Is there an outbreak? http://news.

18 Contaminate Sources Other livestock farms Do you work on other livestock farms? Infected farms Is there an outbreak? Northern pintail image by Brendan Lally/CC 2.0/ flic.kr/p/4yqe26

19 Contaminate Sources Animals in other barns Are you working in multiple barns? Outside areas Are you going in and out of the barn? Are you going to places where other workers and equipment from other farms and barns meet?

out equipment Maintenance trucks and equipment People and

20 Transport to farms & into barns Trucks and other equipment Feed Rendering Manure handling equipment Load out equipment Maintenance trucks and equipment People and equipment

21 Flow Analysis Systematic planning approach Layout and design farmsteads and animal facilities Enhance movement into and out of farmstead and barns People Animals Feed Supplies Equipment Bedding Ventilation air Other

22 Two Common Boundaries Farmstead boundaries Barn boundaries Outside Inside

23 Protocols to Manage Risk Pre-visit downtime Disinfecting trucks and equipment Barn specific boots and coveralls Biosecure entries Hand washing Log-books Other

24 Challenges Identifying all the flows Irregular flows unusual and rare activities Easily implemented protocols Adequate supplies Trained and committed people Time to follow protocols every time

Danish Entry Minimum requirements for controlling the entrance and exit of pathogens from a hog barn Part of an effective biosecurity plan Can be built

25 Danish Entry Minimum requirements for controlling the entrance and exit of pathogens from a hog barn Part of an effective biosecurity plan Can be built at a relatively low cost Compelling Rationale for Danish Entries, Ontario Pork Industry Council,

26 Two-zone Entry One line of separation Dirty side Biosecure or clean side

27 Three-zone Entry Two lines of Dirty Boots Clean Boots separation Dirty Grey Clean Dirty area Hand wash Hand wash Grey area between dirty and clean Clean and biosecure area More space required

28 To view a video on Two-Zone Danish entry Visit:

Shower-in shower-out Equipment & Supplies Clean

29 Biosecure Options People Entry Biosecure entry using Danish entry concepts Two-zone Three-zone Shower-in shower-out Equipment & Supplies Clean suppliers Off farm or farm office delivery Disinfect and dry

Biosecurity Guidelines Limit access to production areas Have clear biosecurity protocols Always adhere to the protocols Provide biosecurity training and

30 Biosecurity Guidelines Limit access to production areas Have clear biosecurity protocols Always adhere to the protocols Provide biosecurity training and talk about biosecurity regularly Teach visitors your protocol Post signs and instructions

31 Biosecurity guidelines Ensure all tools and equipment are properly cleaned and disinfected prior to bringing them into barn Keep disinfectant in entry area to disinfect equipment Do not set tools or equipment on the floor

32 Minimum Entry Protocol 1. Always enter barn through biosecure entry 2. Remove and store outer clothing on dirty side 3. Remove and store outside shoes on dirty side 4. Disinfect hands after removing outer clothing and farm shoes

33 Minimum Entry Protocol 5. Step over line of separation to biosecure side 6. Put on barn specific cloths, coveralls, hats and barn boots 7. Enter production area

34 Minimum Exit Protocol 1. Always exit barn through biosecure entry 2. Remove and store barn specific clothing and boots on biosecure side 3. Disinfect hands 4. Step over line of separation to dirty side 5. Put on outside clothing and boots 6. Exit barn

35 Hand Washing Sink with hot water Water supply and heater Soap Heated entry to prevent freezing Wastewater collection and disposal Towels Hand sanitizer

36 Biosecure Entry Compliance Eight Canadian poultry farms One randomly selected barn per farm Seven required biosecurity measures Video recorded entry for 2 weeks Six months later, recorded entry for another 2 weeks. Total of 883 visits Racicot, M. et al Description of 44 biosecurity errors while entering and exiting poultry barns based on video surveillance in Quebec, Canada. Preventative Vet Med (100):

Required Biosecurity Measures 1. Respect dirty and clean areas 2. Change boots or use plastic boots 3. Wear barn specific coveralls 4. Wash hands on entry 5. Wash hands on exit 6.

37 Required Biosecurity Measures 1. Respect dirty and clean areas 2. Change boots or use plastic boots 3. Wear barn specific coveralls 4. Wash hands on entry 5. Wash hands on exit 6. Disinfect outside footwear 7. Sign logbook Racicot, M. et al Description of 44 biosecurity errors while entering and exiting poultry barns based on video surveillance in Quebec, Canada. Preventative Vet Med (100):

38 Biosecure Entry Compliance Only 26 (2.9%) visits out of 883 visits were performed without error 44 different errors were recorded Five categories of errors Area separation Boots Hand washing Coveralls Logbook Racicot, M. et al Description of 44 biosecurity errors while entering and exiting poultry barns based on video surveillance in Quebec, Canada. Preventative Vet Med (100):

39 Biosecure Entry Education Trailer Supported by the University of Minnesota Rapid Agricultural Response Fund from the State of Minnesota

40 Biosecure Entry Education Trailer Primary purposes Develop & assess protocols Train employees

41 Take Home Message Recognize biosecure areas Learn and follow farm biosecurity practices Always use biosecure entries and exits Use clean equipment Wash your hands often

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42 Thank You! 2016 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this PowerPoint is available in alternative formats upon request. Direct requests to

43 Factsheets Janni, K.A Identifying Biosecurity Hazards by Considering Flows on Animal Farms. p.2. UM Extension. Online at Janni, K.A Biosecure entry education trailer (BEET). p.2. UM Extension. Online at Noll, S., C. Cardona Rethink biosecurity for HPAI now. p.2. Online at

44 References Levis, D.G. and R.B. Baker Biosecurity of pigs and farm security. University of Nebraska Extension. Online at Accessed April 27, 2015 Racicot, M., D. Venne, A. Durivage, J. Vaillancourt Description of 44 biosecurity errors while entering and exiting poultry barns based on video surveillance in Quebec, Canada. Preventative Vet Med (100): Compelling Rationale for Danish Entries, Ontario Pork Industry Council, Online at Accessed March 14, Pitkin, A., S. Otake, S. Dee Biosecurity protocols for prevention of spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Online at Access April 27, 2015.

Practical Biosecurity Check List

Practical Biosecurity Check List 11.09.2017 Avian Influenza Global Expert Group Purpose of the IEC Biosecurity Check List This IEC Biosecurity Check List is designed to help egg businesses develop and