Symptoms Latent TB Active TB

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2 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that can spread through the air. It is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually affect the lungs. However, it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system. The bacteria, that cause tuberculosis, spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes. 2

3 Symptoms Although your body may harbour the bacteria that is behind the cause of tuberculosis, our immunity system usually can prevent us from becoming sick. For this reason, doctors make a distinction between the followings: Latent TB: In this condition, even if one have TB infection, the bacteria remain in the body in an inactive state causing no significant symptoms. Latent TB, also known as inactive TB or TB infection, isn't contagious. To prevent it into turning to active TB, immediate treatment is important for the person suffering with latent TB. This will possibly help in controlling the spread of TB. Active TB: This condition makes you sick and it can also spread to others. It generally happens within the first few weeks after the infection caused by TB bacteria, or it might also occur after few years. 3

4 Signs and symptoms of active TB include: Coughing up blood Coughing that lasts three or more weeks Chest pain pain while breathing or coughing Fatigue Night sweats Fever Unintentional weight loss Chills Loss of appetite 4

5 Causes Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria which spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air. This can happen when someone suffering with active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, spits, laughs, sings or sneezes. Although the disease of tuberculosis is contagious, it's not that easy to catch. You're much more likely to get tuberculosis from an affected person with whom you live with or work with rather than from an affected stranger. It is observed that, people suffering with active TB, if treated with appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious anymore. 5

6 Diagnosis The Tuberculin Skin Test (TST): It is also commonly known as the PPD, a reliable detector of TB in most of the people. It is usually used to detect TB in individuals who are at risk for new infection, such as, health care workers or people who have close contacts with infected individuals and for those who are at increased risk due to a weakened immunity system. A small amount of liquid purified protein derivative (PPD) from the TB bacteria is generally injected just under the top layer of the skin of your arm. After two to three days, the doctor or nurse will check your arm to see if the test is positive. If it is positive, then you will have a hard, red welt at the injection site. The positive result means that you are infected with TB, even though the infection is not active. If the test is positive then the health care provider will do a thorough physical exam along with an X-ray of your lungs to find out if the disease is active or not. For patients who are highly suspected for lung infection with TB, few other tests will be performed using the sample of his or her saliva. If these samples are positive, you have active pulmonary TB. 6

7 Treatment Medications are the cornerstone of the treatment of tuberculosis. But treating TB usually takes much longer time than treating any other types of bacterial infections. With tuberculosis, one must take antibiotics for at least six to nine months. The exact drugs and time length of treatment depend on one s age, possible drug resistance, the form of TB (latent or active), overall health and the location of the infection in the body. The most common medications used to treat tuberculosis are as follows: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol A number of new drugs are being looked at as an add-on therapy to the current drug-resistant combination treatment, which includes Linezolid, Bedaquiline 7

8 Thank You For more health and wellness articles visit 8

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