Herpes Simplex Virus 1-2

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1 Yamilet Melendez Microbiology 1 Presentation Herpes Simplex Virus 1-2 Introduction Herpes viruses are a leading cause of human viral diseases, second only to influenza and cold viruses Are capable of causing overt disease or remaining silent for many years only to be reactivated Name herpes comes from the Latin herpes which, in turn, comes from the Greek word herpein which means to creep Morphology nm in diameter, contains an icosahedral capsid containing linear double stranded DNA genome Surrounded by lipid envelope containing peplomers Between capsid and envelope is tegument Classification of Humans Herpesviruses _Alpha herpes virinae Rapid grow Latent infection in sensory ganglia HSV-1,HSV-2, v-2 Beta herpes virinae Slow growth Grow best in fibroblast Latent infection salivary glands HHV-5 (cmu) HHV-6, HH-7 Gamma herpes virinae Grow in lymphoblastoid cells Latent infection in lymphoid tissue

2 HHv-4 (Epstein-Barr virus) HHV-8 (Kaposis sarcoma herpevirus) Statistics According to American Social Health Association: That more than 45 million people in the United States who have genital herpes 85% of people with genital herpes don t know they have it 50-80% of Americans have oral herpes (HSV-1) About 25% of women have genital herpes (that is 1 in 4) About 20% of men have genital herpes (that is 1 in 5) Up to 1 million new HSV-2 infections may be transmitted each year in the United State History BCE herpes was formally recognized by Hippocrates who wrote about the symptoms of herpes lesions French scientist Emily Vidal proves through experimentation that herpes was transmitted from one person to another lowenstein conformed experimentally the infectious nature of HSV 1920 and 1930 s- the natural history and range of infections of HSV were studied s- research established on diseases cause by HSV Transmission Humans are the only natural reservoirs Transmission occurs by close personal contact Infection occurs by way of inoculation of the virus into susceptible mucosal surfaces The virus is inactivated at room temperature and by drying Pregnant women who are infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2 have higher risk of miscarriage, premature labor, slow fetal growth, or transmission of the herpes infection to the infant during vaginal delivery. Herpes infections in delivery can be life-threatening or cause disability. Delivery by cesarean section is recommended to avoid infecting the baby Sings/Symptoms HSV-1 Small painful blister filled with fluid around the lips or edge of the mouth Tingling or burning around the mouth or nose, often a few days before blisters appears

3 Fever Sore throat Swollen lymph nodes in neck HSV-2 Tingling sensation in the genitalia, buttoks, and thighs Small red blisters or open sores on genitals or inner thighs; in women, often occur inside the vagina Maybe painful or not In women vaginal discharge Fever, muscle aches Headaches Swollen lymph glands in the groin Treatment There is no cure for herpes, so the goal of treatment is to reduce the number of outbreaks and to lessen symptoms when you do have an outbreak. Cold sores usually go away by themselves within 2 weeks. Using medications may shorten the outbreak and decrease discomfort. Antiviral medications for genital herpes can reduce outbreaks and help speed recovery when an outbreak does happen. they can also reduce the chances of spreading the virus Prevention HSV-1 Avoid kissing people with visible core sores Don t share personal items Wash your hands frequently If you have HSV-1 be careful touching your eyes and genitals; don t perform oral sex on your partner Use sunscreen Reduce stress HSV-2 Avoid having sex if you or your partner has an outbreak or active infection of herpes. Herpes outbreaks are not always obvious and your partner may be contagious without you knowing it

4 Anyone involved in an ongoing sexual relationship with a partner infected with HSV-2 should get counseling from health care practitioner on how to stay safe. Avoid touching the sores Use or have your partner use latex condom, even when sore are not visible Limit the number of sex partner Labs/Diagnostic Immunoflurescent staining: distinguishes between types of herpes simples virus as well as non- herpes Tzank Smears: assists in the diagnosis of cutaneous herpes virus infections, but does not distinguish between types Polymerase Chain reactions: detects HSV DNA in clinical specimens can also detect asymptomatic viral shedding Direct Fluorescent Antigen: staining with fluorescent antibodies may distinguish between types

5 Citation Antivaral agents for the treatment of common herpetic infections in immunocopetent patients. pharmacist s letter 2002; 18 (10): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Genital HSV infections. MMWR 2010:59 (No RR-12): Herpes and cold Sores Resources-Herpes symptoms. conditions Herpes: check your symptoms and signs-medicine net health. check