Outbreak Terminology: Phases, Zones and Premises. Dr. Patrick Webb Director, Swine Health Programs
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1 Outbreak Terminology: Phases, Zones and Premises Dr. Patrick Webb Director, Swine Health Programs
2 Thanks for the slides Dr. Jim Roth, Iowa State University Dr. Jon Zack, USDA APHIS VS
3 Consequences of FMD Spread vs. Stamping Out Depend on the Phase and Type of an FMD Outbreak Catastrophic FMD Spread Stamping Out Severe Limited OutbreakExtensive Outbreak Recovery Phase 3
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6 FMD Detection in the United States: Types of an FMD Outbreak Six Types of FMD Outbreaks Size of FMD Outbreak (in terms of animals, premises, and jurisdictions affected) Type 1: Focal Type 2: Moderate Regional Type 3: Large Regional Type 4: Widespread or National Type 5: Catastrophic U.S. Type 6: Catastrophic North American Response Shifts from Emphasis on Stamping-Out to Emphasis on Alternate Strategies (duration of FMD response) 6
7 Heightened Alert Phase
8 Phase 1 Actions
9 Containment Vaccination Zone (CVZ) Protection Vaccination Zone (PVZ) Free Premises (FP) At Risk Premises (ARP) Suspect Premises (SP) Infected Premises (IP) Infected Zone (IZ) Control Area (CA) Buffer Zone (BZ) Surveillance Zone (SZ) Contact Premises (CP) Monitored Premises (MP) Vaccinated Premises (VP) Free Zone (FZ)
10 Note: Figures are not to scale. The Vaccination Zone can be either a Protection Vaccination Zone or Containment Vaccination Zone.
11 Phase 2: Type 1 - Focal FMD Outbreak Focal area of infection limited to one state or small region with low to moderate livestock numbers on relatively small premises. Epidemiologic investigation and surveillance indicates that it has not spread beyond the initial few premises. The Infected Premises have not had extensive animal movement and are not too large to depopulate quickly. Rapid stamping out without vaccination is feasible. Continue strict quarantine and movement control for live animals, animal products, and vehicles, etc. within the Control Area (except as permitted by specific FMD response Business Continuity Plans) Continue stamping out with rapid depopulation, disposal, cleaning, and disinfection of Infected and Contact Premises 11
12 Phase 2: Type 2 Moderate Regional FMD Outbreak A few focal areas of infection limited to a region with low to moderate livestock numbers on small to medium size premises. Epidemiologic investigation and surveillance indicate FMDV has not spread beyond the region. The Infected Premises have not had extensive animal movement out of the Control Area and are not too large to depopulate quickly. Continue rapid stamping out of Infected and Contact Premises Consider ring or regional vaccination with eventual slaughter of vaccinated animals (vaccinate-to-kill or slaughter; option to switch to vaccinate-to-live if the type of the outbreak is elevated) 12
13 Phase 2: Type 3 Large Regional FMD Outbreak Multiple areas of infection are detected in a region, or the type, number and/or size of infected and contact herds are too great to depopulate quickly enough to suppress disease spread. Sufficient vaccine and resources can be made available to vaccinate designated susceptible domestic animals in the affected region (Control Areas). The number of vaccinated animals is not too great to consider a vaccinate-to-kill strategy. Discontinue automatic stamping out of Infected and Contact Premises. Some Infected and Contact Premises may be depopulated based on epidemiologic or humane considerations Implement suppressive vaccination of all designated animals in the Control Area to reduce the shedding and spread of virus. Officially identify all vaccinated animals and track these animals to ensure they are eventually slaughtered or euthanized and disposed of.
14 Phase 2: Type 4 Widespread or National FMD Outbreak Widespread areas of infection are detected involving too many herds or herds that are too large to depopulate quickly enough to suppress disease spread. Sufficient vaccine and resources are available to vaccinate all designated susceptible domestic animals in the affected regions (Control Areas). The number of vaccinated animals is too great to consider solely a vaccinate-to-kill policy. Implement a partial or complete vaccinate-to-live policy. Discontinue automatic stamping out of Infected and Contact Premises. Some Infected and Contact Premises (or severely affected individual animals) may be depopulated based on epidemiologic or humane considerations Implement suppressive FMD vaccination of all designated animals in the Control Area to reduce the shedding and spread of virus.
15 Phase 2: Type 5 Catastrophic FMD Outbreak Widespread areas of infection are detected involving a large portion of the U.S. Sufficient vaccine and resources are not available to quickly vaccinate all designated susceptible animals in the affected regions. It becomes apparent that FMD is widespread, and will not be eradicated within a year. Declare FMD to be an endemic disease and implement a program for long term eradication and control, including vaccinate-to-live Discontinue automatic stamping out of Infected and Contact Premises. Some Infected and Contact Premises (or severely affected individual animals) may be depopulated based on epidemiologic or humane considerations Prioritize regions and herds to receive the limited amounts of vaccine available
16 Phase 2: Type 6 - North American FMD Outbreak Widespread areas of infection are detected involving a large portion of the U.S., Canada, and/or Mexico. Sufficient vaccine and resources are not available to quickly vaccinate all designated susceptible animals in the affected regions/countries. It becomes apparent that FMD is widespread, and will not be eradicated within a year. Declare FMD to be an endemic disease in North America and implement a program for long term eradication and control, including vaccinate-to-live Discontinue automatic stamping out of Infected and Contact Premises. Some Infected and Contact Premises (or severely affected individual animals) may be depopulated based on epidemiologic or humane considerations Prioritize regions and herds throughout North America to receive the limited amounts of vaccine available
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