biotechnology Applications in the Livestock Sector G. A. Gunawardana Veterinary Research Institute Peradeniya Enhancing livestock productivity through

Transcription

1 Biotechnology Applications in the Livestock Sector Enhancing livestock productivity through biotechnology G. A. Gunawardana Veterinary Research Institute Peradeniya

2 Applications of Biotechnology in Animal Production Reproduction, selection and breeding eg - embryo transfers, in vitro fertilization, cloning and sex determination of embryos Animal health eg - diagnosis, prevention and control of animal diseases Feed and nutrition eg - enzymatic treatment of feed, additives, decreasing the anti-nutritional factors

3 Vaccine

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5 Most significant achievement of Veterinary Research Institute, Peradeniya vaccine production for animals Only institute in Sri Lanka producing any kind of vaccine

6 Vaccine Vaccine first made in Discontinued the production in Haemorrhagic Septicaemia 1955 Black Quarter 1949 Anthrax Brucellosis 1949 New Castle Disease -Oral --Freeze Dried Fowl Pox Rabies Tick Fever 1940 Foot and Mouth Disease

7 Animal Vaccines Produced Presently 1. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia HS) 2. Black Quarter (BQ) 3. Brucellosis 4. Tick Fever 5. Contagious Pustular Dermatitis 6. Warts 7. New Castle Disease (Freeze Dried) 8. Fowl Cholera *Foot and Mouth Disease To recommence soon

8 1.Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) A fatal disease in cattle and buffalo By Pasteurella multocida Mortality almost 100% Outbreaks end of the drought period Two types (Killed vaccines) Oil Adjuvant Alum Precipitated

9 HS Incidence

10 Facility at Vaccine Production Center

11 2. Black Quarter vaccine: (Killed vaccine) Fatal disease Caused by Clostridium chauvoei. Annual Vaccination - in endemic areas Also in case of any outbreak VRI is proud to announce that their vaccine has been able to control HS and BQ in Sri Lanka. No reported cases of HS since 2003 BQ only sporadic cases

12 HS, BQ, FC and Ranikhet Vaccine Production HS and BQ Vaccine Production FC and Ranikhet Vaccine Production Pr oduc tio n Year HS BQ Production Year FC Ranikhet

13 3. Brucellosis Vaccine (Live vaccine) - Cause abortion in cattle, - Estimated economic loss Rs 141 million - Vaccination in NLDB farms Annual Production 5000 doses Vaccine for Brucellos (S 19) (Freeze-dried form)

14 4. Tick Fever vaccine Issued to Up Country cattle farms B. bovis live attenuated vaccine 4-9 months aged calves are vaccinated. From , 3178 animals were vaccinated. B. bigemina vaccine is being tested at present. Tick fever vaccine production trial

15 5 & 6. Warts and CPD Vaccines Warts in cattle - caused by the contagious Papilloma virus. Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (CPD) An infectious dermatitis of sheep and goats

16 7. New Castle Disease (Ranikhet) vaccine: Highly contagious disease in poultry Morality can go up 100% Production recommenced.

17 8. Fowl Cholera vaccine (Killed vaccine) Bacterial disease by P. multocida Morbidity & Mortality can be up to 100%. Vaccine production commenced using oil adjuvant in Improved vaccine using the adjuvant 763 VG in 2006

18 Other Products 1. Starter cultures for yoghurt and curd Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species were isolated and combinations selected for - Curdling time - Taste and smell - Acidity - Texture

19 Mother Culture is prepared in freeze dried form. Instructions and Training provided. Small, Medium and some large scale producers benefited. One vial Rs Much cheaper than imported cultures.

20 2. Chicks bred for back-yard rearing (CPRS Chicks) Male birds selected for phenotypic characters Artificial Insemination performed Next generation birds evaluated Village chicken characterization has been carried out.

21 Naked Neck gene has been passed through CPRS chicks Resistant to hot and humid weather CPRS chicks are distributed among small scale farmers

22 3. Probiotics Manipulation of microflora using microbes - for improved nutrient digestion - disease resistance At VRI, several bacterial species and combinations were identified and tested for efficacy against pathogens Potential product for poultry farmers

23 Special Projects IVM, IVF and In vitro Culture

24 Use of Molecular Techniques for Disease Diagnosis and Animal Species Characterization A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based meat identification technique has been developed at Veterinary Research Institute, Peradeniya

25 Animal Disease Act Fauna/flora Act To support protection and preservation of cattle/buffalo and wild life population For consumer safety A prime requirement for regulatory enforcement Detect low levels of target DNA, which could not be tested using other methods. Rs per sample

26 Molecular Genetics Laboratory, VRI

27 Polymerase chain reaction based meat identification test is currently performed only for following species Cervus Family Ceylon sambhur (Cervus unicolor unicolor) Ceylon spotted deer (Axis axis ceylonensis) Ceylon hog deer (Axis porciusoryzus) Barking deer (Muntiacus muntijak malabaricus)

28 Buffalo Cattle Goat Dog

29 Genetic Characterization by Marker Analysis At the Department of Animal Science, University of Peradeniya - Poultry - Pig - Small ruminants - Cattle Characterization completed - using chromosomal mitochondrial DNA Chicken and Sheep - Comparison with regional indigenous animals was carried out

30 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Diagnosis

31 Diagnosis contd RT PCR and Sequencing to detect the Foot and Mouth virus type. PCR to detect Cryptosporidium and Paramphistomes (parasites) PCR to detect Paramphistomes

32 Molecular Epidemiology Characterization of avian Salmonella isolates using REP PCR Strain characterization to identify the relationship between the outbreaks Assist to control the disease in poultry farms. s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 L

33 Each individual has a responsibility to see that biotechnology is developed and used wisely. We must do whatever we can to avoid mistakes and ensure that biotechnology benefits not only us but also the other organisms that share this planet with us

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