Wednesday, October 19, 16. Viruses
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1 Viruses
2 Image of an animal cell More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell Cells can fulfill all characteristics of life Viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless?
3 Image of an animal cell More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell Cells can fulfill all characteristics of life Viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless?
4 Image of an animal cell More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell Cells can fulfill all characteristics of life Viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless?
5 unless they are reproducing
6 Viruses Viruses are not considered to be living organisms because: not made up of cells only capable of 1 life function i.e. reproduction & only within a living cell
7 Viruses Virus: Microscopic biological particle that causes disease; composed of a protein coat that surrounds genetic material Capsid: external coat of a virus that is composed of repeating protein molecules
8 Viruses Even though viruses are not living, microbiologists study them because i) Cause disease by invading other organisms ii) very small size
9 Typical Viral Structure
10 Typical Viral Structure capsid:
11 Typical Viral Structure capsid: protein coat for protection
12 Typical Viral Structure capsid: protein coat for protection core:
13 Typical Viral Structure capsid: protein coat for protection core: either DNA or RNA (genetic material)
14 Typical Viral Structure capsid: protein coat for protection core: either DNA or RNA (genetic material) Receptor sites:
15 Typical Viral Structure capsid: protein coat for protection core: either DNA or RNA (genetic material) Receptor sites: spikes that help virus attach to its
16 Typical Viral Structure capsid: protein coat for protection core: either DNA or RNA (genetic material) Receptor sites: spikes that help virus attach to its specific host cell
17 Typical Viral Structure
18 Viral Capsids
19 Classification Viruses are classified by: 1) The organisms they infect host range (types of cells that the virus can infect) a) cold virus (human respiratory cells) b) rabies (nerve cells in dogs) c) HIV (human white blood cells) d) bacteriophage (bacteria)
20 Classification Viruses are classified by: 2) Structure size and shape of the capsid type genetic material
21 Viral Size very small, measured in units called nanometres (nm) 1nm = 1X10-9 m (billionth of a metre)
22 Viral Replication - Lytic Cycle Step 1 A&P: Attachment & Penetration Virus attaches to host and injects DNA Step 2 Synthesis Viral DNA instructs cell to produce more virus parts
23 Viral Replication - Lytic Cycle Step 3 Assembly New virus parts assembled into new viruses Step 4 Release New viruses released from infected cells.
24 Viral Replication - Lytic Cycle The lytic cycle may be completed in only minutes Hundreds of new viruses released.
25
26 Viral Replication - Lysogenic Cycle Virus goes DORMANT (sleep) Virus injects DNA, does not take control of host. Cell reproduces normally, all daughter cells contain the virus. Host cell does not die. At some point the virus can be triggered to reenter lytic cycle (pregnancy, illness, stress)
27 Why Are Viruses Hard to Treat? No drug is available to kill viruses in the body
28 Why Are Viruses Hard to Treat? No drug is available to kill viruses in the body Some viruses are lysogenic - can remain dormant for years (hide inside cells) ex. a) Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV I)
29 Why Are Viruses Hard to Treat? No drug is available to kill viruses in the body Some viruses are lysogenic - can remain dormant for years (hide inside cells) ex. a) Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV I) Some viruses can cause cells to become cancerous (HPV)
30 World s Deadliest Virus What is the world s deadliest virus?
31 ... RABIES Has a fatality rate of nearly 100% once diagnosed.
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