Lahore University of Management Sciences. BIO 314- Microbiology and Virology (Spring 2018)

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1 BIO 314- Microbiology and Virology (Spring 2018) Instructor Shaper Mirza Room No A Office Hours TBA ; Telephone 8413 Secretary/TA No TA Office Hours No Course URL (if any) No Course Basics Credit Hours 3 Lecture(s) Nbr of Lec(s) Per 2 Duration 75min each Recitation (per week) Nbr of Rec (s) Per - Duration - Lab (if any) per week Nbr of Session(s) Per - Duration No Tutorial (per week) Nbr of Tut(s) Per No Duration No Course Distribution Core Yes Elective Open for Student Category Juniors and Senior Year Students Closed for Student Category COURSE DESCRIPTION Lecture Series: The goal of this course is to provide a strong foundation for advanced microbiology course by familiarizing students with knowledge of bacteriology and virology. Microbiology is an exciting discipline with far-reaching impacts in human health and disease. This course will focus on the study of microbes in particular bacteria and viruses and their interrelationship with human disease. Understanding these relationships is essential in order to develop interventions to prevent infections in a community. The first quarter of the course will cover the basic principals of bacteriology including bacterial structure, growth, metabolism, genetics and general concepts of bacterial disease mechanisms. In the second quarter we will draw on the basic principals learned in the first quarter of the semester to understand bacteriology as it relates to human health and human disease. More precisely, the course will cover mechanism of disease and drug resistance and State-of-the-art technologies developed to understand pathogenesis. The next half of the course focus will be on viruses, another important pathogen that causes significant burden of disease every year. Globally viral infections kill approximately 2 million individuals every year. The higher burden of infections and fatalities caused by viruses are the result of their intrinsic diversity, which makes it difficult to treat and prevent viral infections. This part of the course will follow the same design as the part on bacteriology. However, in the next half the course will be focused on basic understanding of viral structures, assembly, replication, types of viruses, viral pathogenesis and finally vaccines. COURSE PREREQUISITE(S) BIO216 - Microbiology and Virology COURSE OBJECTIVES

2 Major objectives of the course are Develop a series of lectures to increase awareness and appreciation for microorganisms and their relationship to human health and disease Learning Outcomes Lectures: Students will be able to achieve the following from lectures Understand pathophysiology of viruses and bacteria important to human health Be able to describe structure of bacterial and viral cells, the form, arrangement, and replication of genetic material Distinguish between mechanism of pathogenesis caused by viruses and bacteria. Appreciate the barriers that are used by the host to resist bacterial pathogen, the mechanism whereby innate and adaptive immunity provide protection against infectious agents and the role of vaccines in protection of host from infection Grading Breakup and Policy Quiz 15% (3 Quizzes, 5% Each Quiz) Assignment 10% (1) Mid Term 25% Finals 50% Examination Detail Midterm Exam Yes/No: Yes Combine Separate: Combine Duration: 2hours Preferred Date: Exam Specifications: No Final Exam Yes/No: yes Combine Separate: Combine Duration: 2 hours Exam Specifications: No Lecture 1 Topics COURSE OVERVIEW Bacterial physiology Evolution and anatomy History Pathogenesis Epidemiology Instructor S.Mirza Recommended Readings Chapter 1-Todar s online text-book of bacteriology. Journal Articles. Objectives/ Application Introduction to Microbiology, what is Microbiology Why it matters. Understand the complex association of bacteria with environment. Difference between bacteria good for health and harmful for health 2 Bacterial physiology Difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell Archaea Fungus Gram positive and negative Cell wall Capsule Chapter 2 Todar s online text-book of bacteriology Journal Articles Structures of microbes that aids in pathogenesis and understanding of the architecture of bacteria

3 3 Bacterial Metabolism Microbial Nutrition Microbial Growth Control of Microorganisms by physical and Chemical agents Chapter 2 Medical Microbiology 4 th edition To understand how bacteria acquire nutrients How bacteria metabolize nutrients Appreciate the diversity in metabolic processes between different bacteria 4 Bacterial Metabolism (Part II) Energy generating pathways Diversity in Pathways Chapter 4 Medical Microbiology 4 th Edition To understand how bacteria acquire nutrients How bacteria metabolize nutrients Appreciate the diversity in metabolic processes between different bacteria Bacterial Genetics I DNA structure, Replication Segregation Bacterial Genetics II Genetic transfer of information in bacteria Conjugation Transformation Transduction Gene Expression Transcription Translation Post translational modification (N-terminal signal sequences) 8 Protein secretion systems of bacteria I 9 Protein secretion system of bacteria II 10 Microbes and Immunology Host Immune system Mechanism of protection against bacterial infections Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Chapter 1 Molecular Genetics of Bacteria Chapter 5,6,7 Molecular Genetics of Bacterial Chapter 2 Molecular Genetics of Bacteria Chapter 12 Bacterial Pathogenesis A Molecular Approach. Brenda Wilson and Abigail Salyers 3 rd Edition Understanding bacterial genome Just like host, genetic information is transferred from one bacterial cell to another. The mechanisms involved in transfer of information are complex and precise. Lectures in this class will be focused on understanding the flow of information in bacteria and different mechanisms that are used to transfer the information from one cell to another. To understand how proteins and other virulence factors are expressed in bacteria. To cause infections bacteria is required to transfer its virulence proteins into host. Bacteria possess several mechanisms from injecting host cells with toxins and other virulence proteins. This section will highlight different mechanisms of delivery of virulence factors. Bacteria posses a whole array of extracellular and intracellular proteins that it uses as an arsenal against its host. These lectures will describe in detail some of the toxins and other virulence proteins from common pathogens and their mechanism of action Familiarize students with basic immune mechanisms applied by host to prevent infections. 11 Environmental Microbiology Chapter 13 Bacterial Pathogenesis A Molecular Approach. Brenda Wilson and Abigail Salyers 3 rd Edition Interaction of microbes with host and its impact on environment 12 Applied and Industrial Microbiology Food Microbiology How microbes and microbial products are utilized in industry to make products for human consumption, such as curd, yoghurt, cheese, yeast etc.

4 Virology History of viral pathogenesis 13 Viral Pathogenesis Virulence Epidemiology 14 Introduction to Viruses and viral 15 Classification Genome Capsid Envelop provided Basic viral physiology epidemiology and virulence Provide insight into Types of viruses. Basic structure of viruses Icosahedral symmetry Helical viruses Virus Genome Animal viruses Human viruses Identification of viruses in cell cultures Virus host interactions Virus Entry Into Cell Attachment and entry Viral genetics Stages of viral replication in the cell Nucleic Acid synthesis RNA synthesis Making viral RNA Making viral DNA Genome Replication of DNA viruses Transcription Reverse Transcription Transcription and RNA processing Translation (Protein Synthesis) Genome Packaging/Viral entry Mechanism of entry of nonenvelop viruses Mechanism of entry of envelop viruses Viral Assembly Assembly of Icosahedral Viruses Assembly of Helical Viruses Infections caused by negative strand viruses SH Mechanisms of viral entry into host cells, an important part of viral infections As viruses can have either DNA or RNA and in nucleic acids viruses can either have a positive or a negative strand, this lecture will provide background into how viruses synthesize their nucleic acids. DNA viruses transcribe themselves by first synthesizing a mrna by a process called as transcription. Process of transcription in bacteria and virus is different. While focusing on viral transcription, this lecture will explain differences between viral transcription and bacterial transcription. The most important step in a viral life cycle is the packaging of the genome into its capsid. Once the capsid is packaged virus is ready for assembly and release. This lecture will focus on mechanisms of genome packaging of envelop and non-enveloped viruses Finally this series of lecture will be concluded by viral assembly and release Some infections of human importance caused by negative strand viruses will be discussed Infections caused by positive strand viruses Recurring viral infections and antigenic variations Viral Immunology Host response to viral infections Antimicrobial/Antiviral agents and antimicrobial resistance Infections of public health relevance caused by positive strand virus will be discussed This lecture will focus partly on viral evolution, antigenic variation and its role in recurrent viral infections Host response to viruses will be discussed and difference between host response to virus and bacteria will be highlighted Mechanism of drug resistance is an important area of bacterial pathogenesis. This lecture will briefly describe common mechanisms of drug resistance in microbes.

5 26 Antimicrobial/Antiviral agents and antimicrobial resistance Mechanism of drug resistance is an important area of bacterial pathogenesis. This lecture will briefly describe common mechanisms of drug resistance in microbes. 27 Vaccines Review Prevention of viral and bacterial infections by vaccines, logic, logistics, and legends. Textbook(s)/Supplementary Readings 1. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria L Snyder and W Champness. 2. Todar s Online Bacteriology: toc.html. 3. Bacterial Pathogenesis A Molecular Approach. Brenda Wilson and Abigail Salyers 4. Medical Microbiology Edited by Samuel Baron 4 th Edition 5. Reading material for all lectures on viruses will be provided by the instructor. 6. Principals of virology S.J Flint, Facaniello III Edition

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