Zika Virus. Where has Zika virus been found? Zika in the United States and its territories:

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1 Where has Zika virus been fund? Zika Virus Prir t 2015, Zika virus utbreaks have ccurred in areas f Africa, Sutheast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organizatin (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first cnfirmed Zika virus infectins in Brazil. Currently, utbreaks are ccurring in many cuntries. Zika virus will cntinue t spread and it will be difficult t determine hw the virus will spread ver time. Zika in the United States and its territries: N lcally transmitted Zika cases have been reprted in the cntinental United States, but cases have been reprted in returning travelers. Lcally transmitted Zika virus has been reprted in the Cmmnwealth f Puert Ric. With the recent utbreaks, the number f Zika cases amng travelers visiting r returning t the United States will likely increase. These imprted cases culd result in lcal spread f the virus in sme areas f the United States. Cuntries and territries with active Zika virus transmissin Zika-affected Areas AMERICAS Barbads Blivia Brazil Clmbia Dminican Republic Ecuadr El Salvadr French Guiana Guadelupe

2 Guatemala Guyana Haiti Hnduras Martinique Mexic Panama Paraguay Puert Ric Saint Martin Suriname U.S. Virgin Islands Venezuela OCEANIA/PACIFIC ISLANDS Sama AFRICA Cape Verde Preventin N vaccine exists t prevent Zika virus disease (Zika). Prevent Zika by aviding msquit bites (see belw). Msquites that spread Zika virus bite mstly during the daytime. Msquites that spread Zika virus als spread dengue and chikungunya viruses. When traveling t cuntries where Zika virus r ther viruses spread by msquites are fund, take the fllwing steps: Use insect repellents When used as directed, insect repellents are safe and effective fr everyne, including pregnant and nursing wmen. Mst insect repellents can be used n children. D nt use prducts cntaining il f lemn eucalyptus in children under the age f three years.

3 Repellents cntaining DEET, picaridin, IR3535, and sme il f lemn eucalyptus and para-menthane-dil prducts prvide lng lasting prtectin. If yu use bth sunscreen and insect repellent, apply the sunscreen first and then the repellent. D nt spray insect repellent n the skin under yur clthing. Treat clthing with permethrin r purchase permethrin-treated clthing. Always fllw the label instructins when using insect repellent r sunscreen. When weather permits, wear lng-sleeved shirts and lng pants. Use air cnditining r windw/dr screens t keep msquites utside. If yu are nt able t prtect yurself frm msquites inside yur hme r htel, sleep under a msquit bed net. Help reduce the number f msquites inside and utside yur hme r htel rm by emptying standing water frm cntainers such as flwerpts r buckets. If yu have Zika, prtect thers frm getting sick During the first week f infectin, Zika virus can be fund in the bld and passed frm an infected persn t anther msquit thrugh msquit bites. An infected msquit can then spread the virus t ther peple. T help prevent thers frm getting sick, avid msquit bites during the first week f illness. Transmissin Thrugh msquit bites Zika virus is transmitted t peple primarily thrugh the bite f an infected Aedes species msquit. These are the same msquites that spread dengueand chikungunya viruses. These msquites typically lay eggs in and near standing water in things like buckets, bwls, animal dishes, flwer pts and vases. They are aggressive daytime biters, prefer t bite peple, and live indrs and utdrs near peple. Msquites becme infected when they feed n a persn already infected with the virus. Infected msquites can then spread the virus t ther peple thrugh bites.

4 Rarely, frm mther t child A mther already infected with Zika virus near the time f delivery can pass n the virus t her newbrn arund the time f birth, but this is rare. It is pssible that Zika virus culd be passed frm mther t fetus during pregnancy. This mde f transmissin is being investigated. T date, there are n reprts f infants getting Zika virus thrugh breastfeeding. Because f the benefits f breastfeeding, mthers are encuraged t breastfeed even in areas where Zika virus is fund. Pssibly thrugh infected bld r sexual cntact There has been ne reprt f pssible spread f the virus thrugh bld transfusin and ne reprt f pssible spread f the virus thrugh sexual cntact. Symptms, Diagnsis, & Treatment Symptms Abut 1 in 5 peple infected with Zika virus becme ill (i.e., develp Zika). The mst cmmn symptms f Zika are fever, rash, jint pain, r cnjunctivitis (red eyes). Other cmmn symptms include muscle pain and headache. The incubatin perid (the time frm expsure t symptms) fr Zika virus disease is nt knwn, but is likely t be a few days t a week. The illness is usually mild with symptms lasting fr several days t a week. Zika virus usually remains in the bld f an infected persn fr a few days but it can be fund lnger in sme peple. Severe disease requiring hspitalizatin is uncmmn. Deaths are rare. Diagnsis The symptms f Zika are similar t thse f dengue and chikungunya, diseases spread thrugh the same msquites that transmit Zika. See yur healthcare prvider if yu develp the symptms described abve and have visited an area where Zika is fund. If yu have recently traveled, tell yur healthcare prvider when and where yu traveled.

5 Yur healthcare prvider may rder bld tests t lk fr Zika r ther similar viruses like dengue r chikungunya. Treatment N vaccine r medicatins are available t prevent r treat Zika infectins. Treat the symptms: Get plenty f rest Drink fluids t prevent dehydratin Take medicines, such as acetaminphen r paracetaml, t relieve fever and pain D nt take aspirin and ther nn-steridal anti-inflammatry drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprfen and naprxen. Aspirin and NSAIDs shuld be avided until dengue can be ruled ut t reduce the risk f hemrrhage (bleeding). If yu are taking medicine fr anther medical cnditin, talk t yur healthcare prvider befre taking additinal medicatin. If yu have Zika, avid msquit bites fr the first week f yur illness. During the first week f infectin, Zika virus can be fund in the bld and passed frm an infected persn t anther msquit thrugh msquit bites. An infected msquit can then spread the virus t ther peple. Where has Zika virus been fund? Prir t 2015, Zika virus utbreaks have ccurred in areas f Africa, Sutheast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organizatin (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first cnfirmed Zika virus infectins in Brazil. Currently, utbreaks are ccurring in many cuntries. Zika virus will cntinue t spread and it will be difficult t determine hw the virus will spread ver time.

6 Zika in the United States and its territries: N lcally transmitted Zika cases have been reprted in the cntinental United States, but cases have been reprted in returning travelers. Lcally transmitted Zika virus has been reprted in the Cmmnwealth f Puert Ric. With the recent utbreaks, the number f Zika cases amng travelers visiting r returning t the United States will likely increase. These imprted cases culd result in lcal spread f the virus in sme areas f the United States