The 2004 National Child Count of Children and Youth who are Deaf-Blind

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1 The 2004 National Child Count of Children and Youth who are Deaf-Blind NTAC The Teaching Research Institute Western Oregon University The Helen Keller National Center Sands Point, New York The National Technical Assistance Consortium For Children and Youth who are Deaf-Blind The National Technical Assistance Consortium for Children and Young Adults who are Deaf-Blind (NTAC) was funded by the US Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) as project number H326T This product was developed as a no-cost extension activity. The contents and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or position of OSEP or the US Department of Education.

2 INTRODUCTION The National Technical Assistance Consortium for Children and Youth who are Deaf- Blind (NTAC) and its predecessor, the Teaching Research Assistance to Children Experiencing Sensory Impairments (TRACES) project, has been conducting an annual National Child Count of Children and Youth who are Deaf-Blind since This national child count, commonly referred to as the Census, is conducted on December 1 st of each year to supplement OSEP s federal Child Count, which includes children as deaf-blind when deaf-blindness represents their only disability. Since the majority of children with deaf-blindness do have additional disabilities they are not included in the OSEP Child Count as deaf-blind. In contrast to OSEP s December 1 count, the Census data are collected for children with deaf-blindness in isolation, as well as those with additional disabilities. The Census represents the first, longest running, and most comprehensive registry of infants, young children, and students who are deaf-blind. Rationale for an Annual Deaf-Child Child Count Through the years, the collection of deaf-blind specific child count data and its ensuing analysis has provided valuable information. It has assisted state and national deaf-blind technical assistance projects in the design of their services, as well as in meeting the requirements of their various funding agencies. It has also been used to: 1) identify national and state technical assistance needs and activities for children and youth who are deaf-blind, their families, and the service providers and systems that serve them; 2) identify research needs; 3) develop personnel preparation programs; and, 4) target national and state product development and dissemination activities. The Census has grown throughout the years and now represents a comprehensive data set including: The specific number and ages of the infants, young children, and students (birth through 21) who are deaf-blind throughout the country The primary etiology of their deaf-blindness Any additional disabilities they may have The type and degree of their hearing and vision loss Their ethnicity Their IDEA classification, special education status and placement Their living setting Considerations for the Reader When reading the information that follows, the reader should note that:

3 Although the IDEA definition is used as the common definition of deaf-blindness across the state/multi-state deaf-blind projects, each state deaf-blind project has the discretion of establishing the criteria for their own project services. The Census is a point-in-time snapshot and reflects those infants, young children, and students identified and eligible for services from State/Multi-State Deaf-Blind Projects on December 1 of each year. Thus, in many instances, projects serve more infants, young children and students over the course of the year than are reported on the December 1 child count date. The language and reporting elements used in the Census are consistent with those found in Section 618 of IDEA. As federal reporting categories have changed, NTAC has adopted these changes and followed the OSEP crosswalks for aggregating and comparing data elements. The Census data presented are based on aggregate data reported by each State/Multi-State Deaf-Blind Project and the aggregated counts provide a national perspective. There is substantial variability in the individual state project data reports.

4 In Special Education Program No Longer Receives Special Ed Services Graduated with Diploma Graduated with Certificate National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Reached Maximum Age for Part B Services Part B Exiting Status Deceased Moved: Moved: Not Known to be Known to be Continuing Continuing Dropped out g Receives Sp Ed, Receiving State DB Received Modified Diploma No Longer meets Deaf- Blind Criteria Unknown/ Missing ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA Total

5 In Special Education Program No Longer Receives Special Ed Services Graduated with Diploma Graduated with Certificate National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Reached Maximum Age for Part B Services Part B Exiting Status Deceased Moved: Moved: Not Known to be Known to be Continuing Continuing Dropped out g Receives Sp Ed, Receiving State DB Received Modified Diploma No Longer meets Deaf- Blind Criteria Unknown/ Missing OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total Total

6 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Funding Category Reported Under... AGE OF CHILD (Respective Count Year) IDEA Part B IDEA Part C Not Part B Unknown/ (3-21) (0-2) or C Missing Total Total ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

7 American Indian or Alaska Native National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Asian or Pacific Islander Black or African American (not Hispanic) Race/Ethnicity Hispanic or Latino White (not Hispanic) Unknown/ Missing ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total Total

8 Low Vision (20/70 to 20/200, BETTER EYE) Legally Blind (20/200 or less, BETTER EYE) National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Light Perception Only Primary Classification of Vision Impairment Totally Blind Cortical Visual Impairment Diagnosed Progressive Vision Loss Further Testing Needed Tested - Results Nonconclusive Unknown/ Missing ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total Total

9 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Primary Classification of Hearing Impairment Central Auditory Processing Disorder Mild (26-40 db loss) Moderate (41-55 db loss) Moderately Severe (56-70 db loss) Severe (71-90 db loss) Profound (91+ db loss) Diagnosed Progressive Loss Further Testing Needed Tested - Results Nonconclusive Unknown/ Missing Yes Unknown/ Missing ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total Total

10 CHARGE association Down syndrome (Trisomy 21 syndrome) National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary PRIMARY IDENTIFIED ETIOLOGY Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders Pre-Natal/Congenital Complications Usher Syndrome (I,II,III) OTHER: Hereditary/ Syndrome Disorders Congenital Rubella Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hydrocephaly Microcephaly OTHER: Pre- Natal/ Congenital Complications ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

11 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary PRIMARY IDENTIFIED ETIOLOGY - - Post-Natal/ Non-Congenital Asphyxia Encephalitis Meningitis Severe Head Injury OTHER: Post- Natal/ Non- Congenital Complication of Prematurity No Determination of Etiology ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

12 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary OTHER (ADDITIONAL) DISABILITIES Physical Impairments Cognitive Impairments Behavioral Disorder Complex Health Care Needs Other Impairments ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

13 Under 3 Years Old Autism Spectrum Disorder National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Hearing Impairment (includes deafness) IDEA Part B Reported Category Deafblindness Mental Retardation Multidisabled Other Health Impairment Orthopedic Impairment Emotional Disturbance ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE 60 COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

14 Specific Learning Disability Speech or Language Impairment National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary IDEA Part B Reported Category - Continued Traumatic Brain Injury Visual Impairment (includes blindness) Developmentally Delayed (optional age 3-9) Non- Categorical Not Reported Under Part B of Unknown/Mi IDEA ssing Total ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO 117 CONNECTICUT DELAWARE 60 COLUMBIA 1 20 FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII 1 41 IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO 3 64 RHODE ISLAND 1 42 SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

15 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Educational Setting - Birth through 2 years old Program Designed for Children with DD or Disabilities Home Combination of Center Based & Home Based EI Service Provider Location Daycare/ Childcare Hospital (inpatient) Not Receiving Early Intervention (EI) Services Misc. Other (Specify) Total ALABAMA ALASKA 3 3 ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE FLORIDA GEORGIA IDAHO 4 4 ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY 4 4 LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA 9 9 NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE 6 6 NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA 3 3 OHIO OKLAHOMA 5 5 OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING 4 4 Total

16 Early Childhood Setting Early Childhood Special Ed Setting (ECSE) National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Part EC Setting & Part ECSE Setting EDUCATIONAL SETTING - 3 through 5 years old Home Residential Facility Separate School Itinerant Service Outside the Home Reverse Mainstream Setting Misc. Other (Specify) ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND 1 1 SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total Total

17 Regular Class Resource Room Separate Class Public Separate School Private Separate School National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary EDUCATIONAL SETTING - 6 to 22 years old* Public Residential Facility Private Residential Facility Homebound/ Hospital Home School Program Post- Secondary Program Vocational Program Not in Educational Setting Misc. Other (Specify) ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO Total

18 Regular Class Resource Room Separate Class Public Separate School Private Separate School National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary EDUCATIONAL SETTING - 6 to 22 years old* Public Residential Facility Private Residential Facility Homebound/ Hospital Home School Program Post- Secondary Program Vocational Program Not in Educational Setting Misc. Other (Specify) Total OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

19 Home: Birth/Adoptive Parents Home: Extended Family Home: Foster Parents State Residential Facility National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Private Residential Facility Living Setting Group Home (less than 6 residents) Group Home (6 or more residents) Apartment (w/ non-family person(s)) Other Unknown/ Missing Total ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO Pediatric Nursing Home

20 Home: Birth/Adoptive Parents Home: Extended Family Home: Foster Parents State Residential Facility National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary Private Residential Facility Living Setting Group Home (less than 6 residents) Group Home (6 or more residents) Apartment (w/ non-family person(s)) Pediatric Nursing Home Other Unknown/ Missing OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total Total

21 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary YEAR OF LAST OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EXAM Unknown/ Prior to Since 2002 Missing Total ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

22 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary YEAR OF LAST FUNCTIONAL VISION ASSESSMENT Unknown/ Prior to Since 2002 Missing Total ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

23 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary YEAR OF LAST AUDIOLOGICAL EXAM Unknown/ Prior to Since 2002 Missing Total ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total

24 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary YEAR OF LAST FUNCTIONAL HEARING ASSESSMENT Unknown/ Prior to Since 2002 Missing Total ALABAMA ALASKA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PACIFIC BASIN Total