J Jeffress model, 3, 66ff

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1 Index A Absolute pitch, 102 Afferent projections, inferior colliculus, Amplitude modulation, coincidence detector, 152ff inferior colliculus, 152ff inhibition models, 156ff models, 152ff Anatomy, auditory CNS, 3 4 DCN models, 47ff Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus, see AVCN ASA, auditory scene analysis binding problem, 207ff models, 203ff neural basis, 207ff physiological studies, 211ff Attention, ASA, 224ff Attentional leaky integrator, Auditory cortex, see also Cortical cat, circuitry, coincidence detector, 115 complex sound representation, computation, 111ff connections to inferior colliculus, 119 edge detection, 111ff feedback projections, feedforward projections, 117 hemispheric differences, 104 information processing, integrator, 115 marmoset, models, 97ff music, neural synchrony clusters, nonlinear dynamic system, pitch neurons, pitch perception, primate, 98 sound source localization, 117 speech, tonotopic maps, vocalization representation, Auditory dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss models, 189ff Auditory filterbank, in silicon, 263ff Auditory grouping, computer models, 212ff Auditory models, implant design, 245ff Auditory nerve activity, models, Auditory nerve model, 55 Auditory nerve stimulation, electrical, 238ff Auditory nerve, 3 models of sensorineural hearing loss, 178ff, pitch representation, sensorineural hearing loss, 177ff Auditory pathway, melody processing, 102 precedence effect, 141ff Auditory periphery, model for implants, 248 Auditory streaming, 204ff Autocorrelation model, pitch, Automatic gain control, silicon cochleae, Automatic speech recognition, 4 5 AVCN bushy cells, model, B Barn owl, see Tyto alba Basilar membrane models, phenomenological, 17ff physiological state, 17 Basilar membrane, distortion products, models, 15ff nonlinearities, 15ff suppression, tuning,

2 278 Index Binding problem, solutions, Brains states, transitions, 120 Brainstem processing vs. inferior colliculus processing, 134ff Bushy cells, VCN, C Carney model, 21 Cascade model, periphery, 8ff Cat, auditory cortex, Central nucleus, inferior colliculus, Channel selection scheme, ASA, 217ff Chopper cells, Chopper, models, pitch processing, Chopper-sustained units, Circuitry, auditory cortex, Circuits, DCN, 47ff CN, see Cochlear Nucleus Cochlea, in silicon, 262ff Cochlear amplifier, 180ff Cochlear implant processing, sophisticated models, Cochlear implants, 5 auditory models, 237ff design, 238ff performance status, processing strategies, 239ff recent advances, remaining problems, the future of, Cochlear nonlinearity Cochlear nucleus, 3, 39ff anatomical regions, AVCN bushy cells, computational models, 41ff DCN nucleus neural circuitry, 47ff in silicon models, 270ff projections to inferior colliculus, 132 Cochlear tuning, Coding strategies, Cochlear implants, 237ff Coincidence detection, interaural time difference models, 148ff Coincidence detector, amplitude modulation, 152ff auditory cortex, 115 model, Complex sounds, representation in the auditory cortex, Compression or nonlinearity, computer models, 11 Computation, auditory cortex, 97ff, 111ff Computational ASA (CASA), 203ff Computational models, cochlear nucleus, 41ff DCN, inferior colliculus, 130ff see also Models sensorineural hearing loss, 177ff why useful, 2 Computational vs. conceptual models, 41 Computer models, auditory nerve, 8ff Conceptual model, DCN, Conceptual vs. computational models, 41 Continuous interleaved sampling, cochlear implants, 239ff Cortex, also Auditory Cortex, Cortical Cortical computation, 111ff Cortical microcircuits, Cortical output, Cortical spatial maps, Cross-correlation models, D Dale s Law, superior olive, 82 Damage, outer hair cells, 180ff DCN models, response map, 55ff DCN, circuits, 47ff computational model, conceptual model, fusiform cells, 43 neural circuitry, 47ff species differences in cell responses, 49 Delay lines models, 71ff Digital filter middle ear model, 15 Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus, see DCN Double vowels, perceptual segregation, 217ff Dual-resonance nonlinear filters (DRNL), cochlear implant, 252ff Dual-Resonance Non Linear model, E Echo suppression, inferior colliculus, 142 Edge detection, auditory cortex, 111ff feature extraction, 111ff model, 111ff EE and EI cells, Efferent effects, models, 30 Eighth nerve, see Auditory Nerve Electrical model, middle earl, Event-related brain potentials, ASA, Excitatory-excitatory (EE) models, 74ff Excitatory-excitatory MSO and NL models, inhibition, 78ff

3 Index F Feature extraction, auditory cortex, 111ff edge detection, 111ff model, 111ff spectrotemporal receptive field, Feedback projections, auditory cortex, Feedforward projections, auditory cortex, 117 Finite element middle ear model, 15 fmri, auditory pathway, 102 Fusiform cells, DCN, 43 G Gammachirp filter model, Gammatone filter model, General binaural models, MSO and LSO, 90ff Gestalt principles, ASA, 206 Grouping, ASA, 204ff H Hair cells, sensorineural hearing loss, Harmonic complex tones, pitch, 160ff Harmonicity, double vowel perception, 217ff Head-related transfer function, models, Hearing aid development, Hearing aid fitting, Hearing aids, limitations, Hearing dysfunction, models, 177ff Hearing impairment, models, 4 Hearing, inferior colliculus, 130 models, 1ff Helmholtz, 1 Hemispheric differences, auditory cortex, 104 HRTF, see Head-Related Transfer Function I ILD, see Interaural Level Difference Inferior colliculus processing vs. brainstem processing, 134ff Inferior colliculus, 3, 4, 130ff afferent projections, amplitude modulation models, 152ff central nucleus, computational models, 130ff connections to auditory cortex, 119 echo suppression, 142 functional organization, inhibition models, 141ff, 156ff inhibition, interaural level difference, interaural time difference models, 148ff 279 model of echo suppression, models of interaural time difference, models, role in hearing, 130 sound source localization, 134ff spectral cue processing, time-varying interphase differences, 146 Information processing, auditory cortex, Inhibition, inferior colliculus models, 141ff, 156ff Inhibition, inferior colliculus, Inner ear, models in sensorineural hearing loss, 178ff Inner hair cell models, cochlear implants, 250ff Inner hair cell, modeling damage, models, 23ff sensorineural hearing loss, , silicon models, 267ff transfer function, 24ff Integrator, auditory cortex, 115 Interaual time difference, lateralization, 134ff Interaural level difference (ILD), 66ff inferior colliculus, lateralization, model, Interaural time difference (ITD), 66ff coding in noise, models in inferior colliculus, models of psychophysical acuity prediction, population models, 148ff Tyto alba, ITD, see Interaural Time Difference J Jeffress model, 3, 66ff L Lateral superior olive (LSO), 68ff ITD processing, models, 82ff Lateralization, interaural level difference, interaural time difference, 134ff models, 134ff superior olive, Law of the first wavefront, see Precedence Effect

4 280 Index Leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) model, early processing, 20ff, 75 Level difference models, 83 Locally excitatory globally inhibitory network, 210 Lord Kelvin, 41 LSO, see Lateral Superior Olive M MacGregor Neuromime, 50ff Maps, cortical spatial, Marmoset, auditory cortex, Medial superior olive (MSO), 67ff Models, 69ff time-varying interphase differences, Melody processing, auditory pathway, 102 Meow, representation in auditory cortex, 98 Middle ear model, electrical analog, Middle ear, model, 13ff Mismatch negativity, ASA, Model, amplitude modulation inhibition, 156ff Model, amplitude modulation, 152ff anatomical basis, 2 ASA, 209ff auditory cortex, 97ff auditory nerve in sensorineural hearing loss, 178ff AVCN bushy cells, DCN, 47ff echo suppression in inferior colliculus, edge detection, 111ff feature extraction, 111ff hearing aid design, hearing aid fitting, hearing impairment, 4 hearing, 1ff inferior colliculus, 130ff inhibition in inferior colliculus, 156ff inner ear in sensorineural hearing loss, 178ff interaural level difference, interaural time differences, 148ff lateralization, 134ff outer hair cell damage, 180ff pitch autocorrelation, pitch physiological, 164ff pitch, 160ff precedence effect, predicting psychophysical acuity, PVCN octopus cells, 47 see also Computational Model sensorineural hearing loss, 177ff time-varying interphase differences, VCN on cells, Modeling inferior colliculus, strategies, Modeling, inner hair cell damage, Modeling, neurons in VCN, Models of ASA, 203ff Monkey, spectrotemporal receptive field, Moving sound sources, sound source localization, 145ff MSO, see Medial Superior Olive Multicompartment models, superior olive, 76ff Multiple Band Pass NonLinear (MBPNL), model, Music, auditory cortex, N Neural cancellation filter, ASA, 221 Neural circuits, DCN, 47ff Neural models, amplitude modulation, 152ff Neural processing, music and speech, Neural synchrony clusters, auditory cortex, Neural timing networks, ASA, Neuromimes, MacGregor, 50ff neuronal models, 50ff Neuromorphic engineering, 261ff Neuron models, MacGregor neromime, 50ff Neuron types, CN, Neurotransmitter release, in silicon, 268ff Noise stimuli, spectrotemporal receptive field, Noise, interaural time differences, Nonlinear dynamic system, auditory cortex, Nonlinear filtering, cochlear implants, 250ff n-to-m processor strategies, cochlear implants, 253ff O Object-related negativity, ASA, Olivary complex models, 66ff Onset inhibitory, models, Onset locker, models, Onset response models, LSO, 85ff Oscillator-based models, ASA, 215ff Outer ear model, 11ff Outer hair cells, damage, 180ff modeling damage, 180ff sensorineural hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, 180ff

5 Index P P-cell, response maps, 56ff Perceptual grouping, synchronization, Perceptual models, 89ff Physiological models, pitch, 164ff sensorineural hearing loss, 178ff Pitch neurons, auditory cortex, Pitch perception, auditory cortex, Pitch processing, chopper model, physiological models, 164ff Pitch, autocorrelation model, cues, harmonic complex tones, 160ff models, 160ff peripheral representation, processing, psychophysics Place theory of localization, 67 Population models, interaural time differences, 148ff Posterioventral Cochlear Nucleus, see PVCN Precedence effect, model, neural correlates, 141ff sound source localization, 141ff Primary-like with notch, models, Primate, auditory cortex, 98 Primitive grouping, ASA, 205 Processing, music and speech, pitch, Psychoacoustical consequences of sensorineural hearing loss, Psychophysics, interaural time difference, Psychophysics, pitch, PVCN octopus cells, model, 47 R Receptive field, see also Spectrotemporal Receptive Field Response map, DCN model, 55ff P-cell, 56ff Reverberant environments, sound source localization, 141ff Ripple spectrum, S Schema-driven grouping, ASA, 206 Segmentation, ASA, 204ff Segregation, spatial localization, 222ff Sensorineural hearing loss models, auditory dysfunction, 189ff speech, Sensorineural hearing loss, auditory nerve, 177ff computational modeling, 177ff hair cells, high sound level effects, inner hair cells, outer hair cells, 180ff physiological models, 178ff psychoacoustical consequences, speech intelligibility, tinnitus treatment, Silicon cochleae, active, 265ff performance, Silicon models, auditory pathway, 261ff SNHL, see Sensorineural Hearing Loss SOC, see Superior Olivary Complex Sound source localization, auditory cortex, 117 inferior colliculus, 134ff moving sound sources, 145ff precedence effect, 141ff reverberant environments, 141ff time-varying interphase differences, 145ff Spectral cues, processing in inferior colliculus, Spectrotemporal receptive field, 104ff feature extraction, modified noise stimuli, monkey, vocalizations, Speech intelligibility, effects of sensorineural hearing loss, Speech segregation, 227ff Speech, auditory cortex, models of sensorineural hearing loss, Spike train models, 50ff Steady-state LSO models, 83ff Stellate cells, VCN, Superior olivary complex, 3 models, 66ff Superior olive, lateralization, Sustained chopper, models, 273 Synapse models, auditory nerve, 26ff Synchronization, perceptual grouping, T Temporal correlation, solution of binding problem, 208ff Terman-Wang oscillator, ASA, 209ff Thalamus, 4 Time varying interphase differences, models, Time-frequency analysis, 106

6 282 Index Time-intensity trading, Time-varying interphase differences, inferior colliculus, 146 differences, medial superior olive, differences, sound source localization, 145ff Tinnitus, treatment strategies, Tonotopic maps, auditory cortex, Transfer entropy, Transitions, brain states, 120 Transmitter release, calcium, Tuning, cochlea, Two-input point-neuron models, superior olive, Two-tone suppression model, Tyto alba (barn owl), delay lines, 72 interaural time differences, V VCN on cells, model, modeling neurons, Ventral Cochlear Nucleus, see VCN Virtual sites, cochlear implant, Vocalization, cat auditory cortex, marmoset auditory cortex, representation in the auditory cortex, spectrotemporal receptive field, W Wang-Brown speech segregation model, 228ff White-noise based spectrotemporal receptive field, Wiener kernel, 106