Myers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010
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1 Myers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010 *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
2 Unit 4: Sensation and Perception
3 Unit Overview Sensing the World: Some Basic Principles Vision Hearing Other Senses Perceptual Organization Perceptual Interpretation Is there Extrasensory Perception? Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
4 Sensing the World: Some Basic Principles
5 Introduction Sensation Perception Are one continuous process
6 Introduction Bottom-up processing Top-down processing
7 Selective Attention Selective Attention Cocktail party effect
8 Selective Attention Selective Attention and Accidents Cell phone use and car accidents
9 Selective Attention Selective Inattention Inattentional blindness
10 Selective Attention Selective Inattention Change blindness Change deafness Choice blindness Choice-choice blindness Pop-out
11 Psychophysics Thresholds
12 Thresholds Absolute Thresholds Absolute threshold 50 % of the time
13 Thresholds Signal Detection Signal-detection theory Ratio of hits to false alarms
14 Thresholds Subliminal Stimulation Subliminal (below threshold) Priming Masking stimulus Subliminal persuasion
15 Thresholds Difference Thresholds Difference threshold Just noticeable difference (jnd) Weber s Law
16 Just noticeable difference
17 Just noticeable difference
18 Just noticeable difference
19 Just noticeable difference
20 Just noticeable difference
21 Just noticeable difference
22 Just noticeable difference
23 Just noticeable difference
24 Just noticeable difference
25 Just noticeable difference
26 Just noticeable difference
27 Just noticeable difference
28 Just noticeable difference
29 Sensory Adaptation Sensory Adaptation Informative changes Reality versus usefulness
30 Vision
31 The Stimulus Input: Light Energy Transduction (transform) Wavelength Hue (color) Wavelength Intensity Wave amplitude
32 Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum
33 Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum
34 Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum
35 The Physical Property of Waves
36 The Physical Property of Waves
37 The Physical Property of Waves
38 The Physical Property of Waves
39 The Physical Property of Waves
40 The Eye Cornea Pupil Iris Lens accommodation Retina
41 The Structure of the Eye
42 The Structure of the Eye Cornea = outer covering of the eye.
43 The Structure of the Eye Pupil = the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.
44 The Structure of the Eye Iris = a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. The iris dilates/constricts in response to changing light intensity
45 The Structure of the Eye Lens = the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.
46 The Structure of the Eye Retina = the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.
47 The Eye The Retina Rods and Cones Cones Rods
48 Rods versus Cones
49 The Retina s Reaction to Light
50 The Retina s Reaction to Light
51 The Retina s Reaction to Light
52 The Retina s Reaction to Light
53 The Retina s Reaction to Light
54 The Eye The Retina Optic nerve Blind spot Fovea
55 The Structure of the Eye Blind Spot = the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there.
56 The Structure of the Eye Fovea = the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye s cones cluster.
57 The Structure of the Eye Optic Nerve = the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
58 Visual Information Processing Visual Cortex
59 Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex
60 Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex
61 Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex
62 Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex
63 Visual Information Processing Feature Detection Feature detectors
64 Visual Information Processing Parallel Processing Parallel processing Blind sight
65 Visual information processing
66 Visual information processing
67 Visual information processing
68 Visual information processing
69 Visual information processing
70 Visual information processing
71 Color Vision Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theory Red Green - Blue Monochromatic vision Dichromatic vision
72 Color Vision Opponent-process theory Three sets of colors Red-green Blue-yellow Black-white Afterimage
73 After image
74 This slide is intentionally left blank.
75 Hearing
76 The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves Audition Amplitude loudness Frequency Pitch
77 The Ear Outer ear Auditory canal Ear drum
78 The structure of the ear The ear is divided into the outer, middle and inner ear.
79 The structure of the ear The sound waves travel down the auditory canal to the eardrum.
80 The structure of the ear Eardrum = tight membrane that vibrates when struck by sound waves.
81 The structure of the ear Eardrum
82 The Ear Middle ear Hammer, anvil, stirrup
83 The structure of the ear Bones of the middle ear = the hammer, anvil, stirrup which vibrate with the eardrum.
84 The structure of the ear Hammer
85 The structure of the ear Anvil
86 The structure of the ear Stirrup
87 The structure of the ear Oval window = where the stirrup connects to the cochlea.
88 The structure of the ear Cochlea = a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.
89 The Ear Inner ear Oval window Cochlea Basilar membrane Auditory nerve Auditory cortex
90 The structure of the ear Oval Window
91 The structure of the ear Cochlea
92 The structure of the ear Fluid in the cochlea
93 The structure of the ear Hair cells in the cochlea
94 The structure of the ear Auditory nerve = nerve which sends the auditory message to the brain via the thalamus.
95 The structure of the ear Nerve fibers
96 The structure of the ear Auditory nerve
97 Neural impulse to the brain
98 The Ear Perceiving Loudness Basilar membrane s hair cells Compressed sound
99 Cochlea and loud sounds
100 The Ear Perceiving Pitch Place theory High pitched sounds Frequency theory Low pitched sounds Volley principle
101 The Ear Locating Sounds Stereophonic hearing Localization of sounds Intensity Speed of the sound
102 Hearing Loss and Deaf Culture Hearing loss Conduction hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss Cochlea implant Signing
103 Other Senses
104 Touch Types of touch Pressure Warmth Cold Pain Sensation of hot
105 Touch Rubber hand illusion
106 Touch Kinesthesis Vestibular sense Semicircular canals
107 Semicircular Canals
108 Pain Understanding Pain Biological Influences Noiceptors Gate-control theory Endorphins Phantom limb sensations Tinnitus
109 The pain circuit
110 The pain circuit
111 The pain circuit
112 The pain circuit
113 The pain circuit
114 Pain Understanding Pain Psychological Influences Rubber-hand illusion Memories of pain
115 Pain Understanding Pain Social-Cultural Influences
116 Biopsychosocial approach to pain
117 Biopsychosocial approach to pain
118 Biopsychosocial approach to pain
119 Biopsychosocial approach to pain
120 Pain Controlling Pain Physical methods Psychological methods
121 Taste Sweet, sour, salty and bitter Umami Taste buds Chemical sense Age and taste
122 Taste Sensory Interaction Sensory interaction Interaction of smell and taste McGurk Effect Interaction of other senses
123 Smell Olfaction Chemical sense Odor molecules Olfactory bulb Olfactory nerve
124 Smell (olfaction)
125 Smell and age
126 Smell and age
127 Smell and age
128 Smell and age
129 Smell and age
130 Perceptual Organization
131 Introduction Gestalt (form or whole)
132 Figure-ground Form Perception Figure and Ground
133 Form Perception Grouping Grouping Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness Closure
134 Form Perception Grouping Grouping Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness Closure
135 Form Perception Grouping - Proximity
136 Form Perception Grouping - Similarity
137 Form Perception Grouping - Continuity
138 Form Perception Grouping - Connectedness
139 Form Perception Grouping - Closure
140 Depth Perception Depth perception Visual-cliff
141 Depth Perception Binocular Cues Binocular cues Retinal disparity
142 Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Monocular cues Horizontal-vertical illusion
143 Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Monocular cues Relative height Relative size Interposition Linear perspective Relative motion Light and shadow
144 Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Relative Height
145 Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Relative Size
146 Depth Perception Mononocular Cues - Interposition
147 Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Linear Perspective
148 Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Relative Motion
149 Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Light and Shadow
150 Motion Perception Stroboscopic movement Phi phenomenon
151 Perceptual Constancy Perceptual Constancy
152 Perceptual Constancy Shape and Size Constancies Shape constancy
153 Perceptual Constancy Shape and Size Constancies Size constancy Moon illusion Ponzo illusion
154 Ames Room
155 Ames Room
156 Perceptual Constancy Lightness Constancy Lightness constancy Brightness constancy Relative luminance
157 Perceptual Constancy Color Constancy Color constancy Surrounding context Surrounding objects
158 Perceptual Interpretation
159 Sensory Deprivation and Restored Vision Experiments on sensory deprivation Critical period
160 Perceptual Adaptation Perceptual adaptation Displacement goggles
161 Perceptual Set Perceptual set Mental predisposition Schemas
162 Context effects Perceptual Set Context Effects
163 Perceptual Set Emotion and Motivation Motivation on perception Emotions on perception
164 Perception is a Biopsychosocial Phenomenon
165 Perception is a Biopsychosocial Phenomenon
166 Perception is a Biopsychosocial Phenomenon
167 Perception is a Biopsychosocial Phenomenon
168 Is There Extrasensory Perception?
169 Claims of ESP Parapsychology Extrasensory Perception Telepathy Clairvoyance Precognition Psychokinesis (PK)
170 Parapsychology
171 Parapsychology
172 Parapsychology
173 Parapsychology
174 Parapsychology
175 Parapsychology
176 Premonitions or Pretensions? Psychic predictions Nostradamus
177 Putting ESP to Experimental Test ESP Experiments
178 The End
179 Types of Files Teacher Information This presentation has been saved as a basic Powerpoint file. While this file format placed a few limitations on the presentation, it insured the file would be compatible with the many versions of Powerpoint teachers use. To add functionality to the presentation, teachers may want to save the file for their specific version of Powerpoint. Animation Once again, to insure compatibility with all versions of Powerpoint, none of the slides are animated. To increase student interest, it is suggested teachers animate the slides wherever possible. Adding slides to this presentation Teachers are encouraged to adapt this presentation to their personal teaching style. To help keep a sense of continuity, blank slides which can be copied and pasted to a specific location in the presentation follow this Teacher Information section.
180 Teacher Information Hyperlink Slides - This presentation contain two types of hyperlinks. Hyperlinks can be identified by the text being underlined and a different color (usually purple). Unit subsections hyperlinks: Immediately after the unit title slide, a page (slide #3) can be found listing all of the unit s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick access to each subsection. Bold print term hyperlinks: Every bold print term from the unit is included in this presentation as a hyperlink. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of the hyperlinks will take the user to a slide containing the formal definition of the term. Clicking on the arrow in the bottom left corner of the definition slide will take the user back to the original point in the presentation. These hyperlinks were included for teachers who want students to see or copy down the exact definition as stated in the text. Most teachers prefer the definitions not be included to prevent students from only copying down what is on the screen and not actively listening to the presentation. For teachers who continually use the Bold Print Term Hyperlinks option, please contact the author using the address on the next slide to learn a technique to expedite the returning to the original point in the presentation.
181 Teacher Information Continuity slides Throughout this presentation there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included for three purposes. By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and remember the concepts. By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation. To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to think about what might come next in the series of slides. Please feel free to contact me at with any questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations. Kent Korek Germantown High School Germantown, WI
182 xxx Division title (green print) subdivision title (blue print) xxx xxx
183 Division title (green print) subdivision title (blue print) Use this slide to add a table, chart, clip art, picture, diagram, or video clip. Delete this box when finished
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