Essential Science Plus 3 PRIMARY

Transcription

1 Essential Science Plus 3 PRIMARY

2 Contents UNIT SCIENCE SYLLABUS TOPICS STARTER 4 1 Our senses 6 2 Our body 14 3 Living things 22 People, culture and society Health and personal development Health and personal development Diversity of living things My school My family The five senses Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch The skeleton Joints Muscles How we use our muscles Movement Looking after our body Living and non-living things Animals and plants Where do animals and plants live? What do animals eat? How are animals born? How do animals move? 4 Animals 30 Diversity of living things Vertebrates Mammals Birds and fish Reptiles and amphibians Invertebrates Insects END OF TERM 5 Plants 40 Diversity of living things Plants are living things Trees, bushes and grasses Plants have roots, stems and leaves Flowering plants Fruits and seeds Plants are born and grow 6 Water 48 The environment and its conservation The properties of water Where can we find water? The three states of water The water cycle Uses of water We can save water 2 two2

3 UNIT SCIENCE SYLLABUS TOPICS 7 Landscapes 8 Water and landscapes The environment and its conservation The environment and its conservation Different landscapes Mountain landscapes Flat landscapes Coastal landscapes Protecting coastal landscapes Why do landscapes change? Rivers The course of a river Lakes and reservoirs Oceans and seas Cardinal points Maps END OF TERM 9 Air 10 Where we live The environment and its conservation People, culture and society All living things need air The properties of air The atmosphere Weather Recording weather Severe weather Population Villages, towns and cities Life in cities Street maps Means of transport Road safety 11 Work 12 Time passes People, culture and society Changes in time Jobs The primary sector: fishing and mining The primary sector: farming and forestry The secondary sector The tertiary sector Jeans: from the cotton plantation to the shop Time Family memories Traditions and festivals Historical monuments Houses then and now The history of the telephone END OF TERM AND KEY VOCABULARY three 3 3

4 1 Our senses Look and say What can you see? What can you hear? What can you smell? What can you taste? What can you touch? six _ indd 6 14/02/12 17:50

5 The five senses 1.1 Unit 1 We use our senses to get information from our surroundings. e have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and W touch. Each sense uses a different organ in our body. We use our eyes to see. They are our organs of sight. We use our ears to hear. They are our organs of hearing. We use our nose to smell. It is our organ of smell. We use our tongue to taste. It is our organ of taste. We use our skin to feel. It is our organ of touch Match the activities to the senses. hearing taste smell sight touch a b d 2 c e Which organs do we use for these activities? Copy and complete the sentences. a. We use our to read. b. We use our to taste our food. c. We use our to listen to our friends talking. d. We use our to smell perfume. e. We use our to feel textures. seven _ indd /02/12 17:50

6 1.3 Sight We use our eyes to see. Our eyes give us important information. They work from the moment we wake up to the moment we go to sleep. We use them to see colours, size, shape, position and distance. We use some parts of the eye to see. Other parts are for protection. We use the cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina and optic nerve to see. The eyelids, eyelashes and eyebrows all protect our eyes. eyebrow eyelid eyelashes iris The iris surrounds the pupil. It is the coloured part of the eye. retina The retina is at the back of the eye. It captures the light. cornea Light passes through the cornea. It is transparent. optic nerve The optic nerve takes the image we see to the brain. pupil Light enters the eye through the pupil. It is the black centre of the eye. lens The lens is behind the pupil. We use it to focus. 1 True or false? Copy and correct the false sentences. a. We use our eyelashes to see. b. Light enters our eyes through the retina. c. The pupil is the black centre of the eye. d. The iris is the coloured part of the eye. e. The retina is at the front of the eye. f. We use the lens to focus. When there is no light or little light, we cannot see well. It is important to have enough light when we read or write. Look after your eyes! 8 eight

7 Hearing Unit We use our ears to hear different sounds. The ear has three parts: The outer ears are on the sides of your head. The middle ear and the inner ear are inside your head. They are very delicate. The inner ear contains the smallest bones in the human body. eardrum three small bones cochlea ear canal auditory nerve outer ear middle ear inner ear How we hear sound Sound vibrates. The sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along the ear canal. The vibrations reach the eardrum. It vibrates. The vibration of the eardrum moves the three small bones. They make the sound louder. The sound then goes to the cochlea. The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain. 1 Can you identify which direction sounds come from? Do the experiment. Instructions 1. Work in pairs. 2. Student 1 wears a blindfold. 3. Student 2 makes noises. Can Student 1 identify which direction the sounds come from? Investigate! Now copy and choose the correct answer. We can / cannot identify which direction sounds come from. nine 9

8 Smell 1.5 We use our nose to smell. We can distinguish more than 10,000 different smells. Some animals have a stronger sense of smell than people. The police use dogs to find somebody who is lost. The dogs follow the smell of the person s clothes. Smells are in the air we breathe. A smell travels through the air and enters our nose through the nostrils. The smell enters the nasal cavity and goes to the olfactory nerve which sends the information to the brain. nose olfactory nerve nostrils nasal cavity 1 Does it smell good or bad? Write. trainers chocolate cake soap pig rubbish roses 2 SPEAKING. What smells do you like? What smells don t you like? Tell your partner. Example: I like the smell of the sea. I don t like the smell of paint. 10 ten

9 1.6 Taste We use our tongue to taste food and drink. The surface of our tongue is covered with small bumps called taste buds. We use our taste buds to distinguish different flavours. Nerves send the information to the brain. We can distinguish four main tastes: sweet, salty, sour and bitter. Different areas of the tongue detect different tastes. Biscuits are sweet. Unit 1 Crisps are salty. sour bitter Lemons are sour. salty sweet 1 Copy the table and tick ( ) the correct boxes. Dark chocolate is bitter. grapefruit ham cake orange peel sweet salty sour bitter eleven 11

10 Touch 1.7 We use our skin to feel. Our body is completely covered by skin. Through our skin we feel temperature, texture and pain. Some parts of our body are very sensitive. For example, our fingertips and lips are very sensitive. The skin on our back is not as sensitive. By touching things we know if something is wet or dry, hot or cold, or hard or soft. Nerve endings send the information to the brain How do these things feel? Read and match. hot cold wet dry hard soft a b c d e f 2 Can you identify objects by touching them? Do the experiment. Instructions 1. Work in pairs. Student 1 puts objects in a bag. 2. Student 2 wears a blindfold. 3. Can Student 2 identify objects by touching them? Now copy and choose the correct answer. Investigate! We can / cannot identify objects by touching them. 12 twelve

11 Show what you know Unit 1 1 Match the senses to the organs. sight hearing smell taste touch c a d b e 2 Copy and label the diagram of the eye. a d b e c f 3 SPEAKING. True or false? Correct the false sentences. a. Crisps are sweet. d. Vinegar is sour. b. Ham is bitter. e. Cake is salty. c. Bananas are sweet. f. Lemons are sweet. Example: False. Crisps aren t sweet, they re salty. I know about the five senses. thirteen 13