Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders

Transcription

1 Health Reference Series Second Edition Basic Consumer Health Information about Disorders of the Ears, Hearing Loss, Vestibular Disorders, Nasal and Sinus Problems, Throat and Vocal Cord Disorders, and Otolaryngologic Cancers, Including Facts about Ear Infections and Injuries, Genetic and Congenital Deafness, Sensorineural Hearing Disorders, Tinnitus, Vertigo, Ménière Disease, Rhinitis, Sinusitis, Snoring, Sore Throats, Hoarseness, and More Along with Reports on Current Research Initiatives, a Glossary of Related Medical Terms, and a Directory of Sources for Further Help and Information Edited by Sandra J. Judd Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders SOURCEBOOK 615 Griswold Street Detroit, MI 48226

2 Table of Contents Visit to view A Contents Guide to the Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 12,000 topics and the volumes in which they are covered. Preface... xiii Part I: Disorders of the Ears Chapter 1 Looking at the Ears... 3 Section 1.1 How Do We Hear?... 4 Section 1.2 Ear Examination... 7 Chapter 2 The Pinna (External Ear)... 9 Section 2.1 Small Ear (Microtia) Section 2.2 Cauliflower Ear Section 2.3 Otoplasty (Ear Plastic Surgery) Chapter 3 Ear Infections Section 3.1 Swimmer s Ear Section 3.2 Otitis Media Section 3.3 Chronic Middle Ear Infection Section 3.4 Mastoiditis Section 3.5 Ear Tubes Section 3.6 Alternative Treatments for Ear Infections Chapter 4 Ear Injuries Section 4.1 Perforated Eardrum v

3 Section 4.2 Tympanoplasty: Surgical Repair of the Perforated Eardrum Section 4.3 Barotrauma Section 4.4 Ears and Altitude Section 4.5 Ear Emergencies Chapter 5 Ear Secretions and Growths Section 5.1 Earwax (Cerumen) Section 5.2 Benign Ear Cyst or Tumor Section 5.3 Otosclerosis Section 5.4 Cholesteatoma Part II: Hearing Disorders Chapter 6 Hearing Loss: The Basics Section 6.1 Types of Hearing Loss Section 6.2 Mechanism Underlying Stereocilia Self-Renewal Discovered Section 6.3 Statistics about Hearing Disorders, Ear Infections, and Deafness Chapter 7 Diagnosing Hearing Loss Section 7.1 Hearing Testing Section 7.2 Newborn Hearing Screening Section 7.3 Hearing Loss Quick Test Chapter 8 Genetic and Congenital Deafness Section 8.1 Congenital Deafness: An Overview Section 8.2 Usher Syndrome Section 8.3 Waardenburg Syndrome Section 8.4 Other Types of Syndromic Deafness Section 8.5 Otospondylomegaepiphyseal Dysplasia Section 8.6 Nonsyndromic Deafness Section 8.7 Research Advances in Genetic Hearing Loss vi

4 Chapter 9 Sensorineural Hearing Disorders Section 9.1 Auditory Neuropathy Section 9.2 Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease Section 9.3 Presbycusis: Age-Related Hearing Loss Section 9.4 Hyperacusis Section 9.5 Sudden Deafness Chapter 10 Ototoxicity Chapter 11 Tinnitus Section 11.1 Facts about Tinnitus Section 11.2 Tinnitus Research Chapter 12 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Section 12.1 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: An Overview Section 12.2 Frequently Asked Questions about Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention Section 12.3 Hearing Protection Section 12.4 Risk to Hearing from Personal Stereo Systems Chapter 13 Bone Disorders Can Lead to Hearing Loss Chapter 14 Electronic Hearing Devices Section 14.1 Hearing Aids Section 14.2 Bone-Anchored Hearing Aids Section 14.3 Cochlear Implants Section 14.4 Risk of Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Cochlear Implants Chapter 15 Communicating with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Section 15.1 American Sign Language Section 15.2 Assistive Listening Devices Section 15.3 Captions for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Viewers vii

5 Section 15.4 Better Communication with People Who Are Hard of Hearing Part III: Vestibular Disorders Chapter 16 Vestibular Disorders: An Overview Section 16.1 Vestibular (Balance) Disorders Section 16.2 Pediatric Vestibular Disorders Section 16.3 Presbyastasis Section 16.4 Allergies and Vestibular Disorders Section 16.5 Vestibular Testing Section 16.6 Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT) Chapter 17 Vestibular Schwannoma Chapter 18 Bilateral Vestibulopathy Chapter 19 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis Chapter 20 Vertigo Section 20.1 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Section 20.2 Epileptic Vertigo Section 20.3 Vestibular Migraine Section 20.4 Post-Traumatic Vertigo Section 20.5 Mal de Debarquement Chapter 21 Dizziness and Motion Sickness Chapter 22 Ménière Disease Chapter 23 Perilymph Fistula Part IV: Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses Chapter 24 Introduction to the Nose and Sinuses Section 24.1 Anatomy of the Nose Section 24.2 How the Sinuses Work Section 24.3 Diagnostic Tests of the Nose and Sinuses viii

6 Chapter 25 Your Stuffy Nose Section 25.1 The Common Cold Section 25.2 Sneezing Section 25.3 Rhinitis Section 25.4 Post-Nasal Drip Chapter 26 Your Allergic Nose Chapter 27 Common Nasal Concerns Section 27.1 Deviated Septum Section 27.2 Nasal Polyps Section 27.3 Nosebleeds Section 27.4 Septoplasty and Turbinate Reduction Section 27.5 Rhinoplasty Chapter 28 Sinus Problems Section 28.1 Sinusitis Section 28.2 Sinus Headache Section 28.3 Sinus Surgery Chapter 29 Snoring and Sleep Apnea Section 29.1 Snoring Section 29.2 Sleep Apnea Chapter 30 Smell and Taste Disorders Section 30.1 Smell Disorders Section 30.2 Taste Disorders Section 30.3 Statistics on Taste and Smell Part V: Disorders of the Throat and Vocal Cords Chapter 31 Sore Throat Section 31.1 What Causes a Sore Throat? Section 31.2 Strep Throat Section 31.3 Strep Throat Test Section 31.4 Epiglottitis Chapter 32 Tonsils and Adenoids Section 32.1 Tonsils and Tonsillectomies ix

7 Section 32.2 Adenoids and Adenoidectomies Chapter 33 Laryngeal Problems Section 33.1 Laryngitis Section 33.2 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Reflux Laryngitis Section 33.3 Laryngeal Papillomatosis Chapter 34 Swallowing Problems Section 34.1 Dysphagia Section 34.2 Achalasia Chapter 35 Voice and Vocal Cord Disorders Section 35.1 Hoarseness Section 35.2 Spasmodic Dysphonia Section 35.3 Vocal Fold Nodules, Polyps, and Cysts Section 35.4 Vocal Cord Dysfunction (Paradoxical Vocal Cord Movement) Section 35.5 Vocal Cord Paralysis Section 35.6 Disorders of Vocal Abuse and Misuse Section 35.7 Taking Care of Your Voice Section 35.8 Statistics on Voice Disorders Part VI: Cancers of the Ears, Nose, and Throat Chapter 36 Head and Neck Cancer: Questions and Answers Chapter 37 Oropharyngeal Cancer Chapter 38 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Chapter 39 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Chapter 40 What You Need to Know about Esophageal Cancer Chapter 41 Hypopharyngeal Cancer Chapter 42 What You Need to Know about Cancer of the Larynx x

8 Chapter 43 Recent Research in Cancer of the Ear, Nose, and Throat Part VII: Additional Help and Information Chapter 44 Glossary of Terms Related to the Ears, Nose, and Throat Chapter 45 Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders: Resources for Information and Support Index xi