Adhesive systems and secondary caries formation: Assessment of dentin bond strength, caries lesions depth and fluoride release

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Adhesive systems and secondary caries formation: Assessment of dentin bond strength, caries lesions depth and fluoride release"

Transcription

1 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx available at journal homepage: Adhesive systems and secondary caries formation: Assessment of dentin bond strength, caries lesions depth and fluoride release Alessandra R. Peris a, Fabio H.O. Mitsui a, Maristela M. Lobo b, Ana K.B. Bedran-russo c, Giselle M. Marchi b, a Department of Restorative Dentistry, Amazon State University-UEA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil b Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil c Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 South Paulina, Room 337, Chicago, IL, USA article info abstract Article history: Received 31 March 2005 Received in revised form 29 November 2005 Accepted 10 January 2006 Keywords: Fluoride releasing materials Microtensile bond strength In vitro secondary caries Depth of caries formation Objectives. The present study evaluated the microtensile bond strength and caries formation on adhesive/dentin interfaces before and after dynamic chemical formation of secondary caries. Methods. Restorations were prepared on the dentin surface of 80 bovine incisors using four adhesive systems: two fluoride-free (Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond) and two fluoride containing (Optibond Solo Plus and Clearfil Protect Bond). The restored teeth were then sectioned into multiple slabs that were further trimmed at the bonded interface to a crosssectional area of 1 mm 2. Half of the slabs were subjected to secondary caries formation using a ph cycling model (treated groups); while the other half was used as the control group (no ph cycling). The specimens designated for bond strength evaluation were subjected to microtensile bond strength test ( TBS). Caries lesions formation was assesses by polarized light microscopy at different depths from the adhesive dentin bonded interface. The fluoride ion concentration was evaluated using the de/remineralization solutions (De/Re). Results. No differences in TBS were observed among the adhesive systems in both the control and treated conditions. Secondary caries significantly reduced the values of TBS for all adhesives (p < 0.05). Optibond Solo Plus presented the lowest caries formation at 5 m depth. Fluoride concentrations present in the De/Re were less than 0.03 ppm, regardless of the adhesive system tested. Significance. Bond strength values significantly decreased after in vitro secondary caries formation. Fluoride present in adhesive systems is not capable of inhibiting secondary caries or maintaining bond strength values following caries formation Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Recent developments in adhesive systems have resulted in a greater application of these agents on daily dental practice. Contemporary adhesives systems present satisfactory bonding to enamel and dentin [1]. However, replacement of the restorations due to secondary caries formation is still a major problem and of great concern in dentistry [2]. Corresponding author at: Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Unicamp Av. Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, P.O. Box 52, Piracicaba, SP , Brazil. Tel.: /5337; fax: address: gimarchi@fop.unicamp.br (G.M. Marchi) /$ see front matter 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. All rights reserved. doi: /j.dental DENTAL-927; No. of Pages 9

2 2 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx Caries development is a dynamic process between demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues that eventually results in cavitation [3]. Caries development depends upon acids and enzymes produced by bacteria present in dental biofilm [4,5]. The products of dental biofilm include lactic, acetic and citric acids, which reduce tooth surface ph causing hard tissue demineralization [5]. Fluoride plays a significant role in the inhibition of this process, through mineral deposition [5 7]. Based on this property, many restorative materials that release fluoride have been used with the purpose of contributing to secondary caries prevention [7 9]. Therefore, adhesive systems containing fluoride have been developed and introduced in the dental market. The fluoride in these materials induces an anticariogenic activity by increasing dentin resistance to acids present in the oral cavity [10,11]. These adhesives also inhibit secondary caries development by bonding to dental tissues [10]. According to Ferracane et al. (1998) [12] fluoride ions in these systems are released directly to the cavity wall and easily penetrate the dentin. Featherstone et al. (1986) [13] reported that these ions increase mineralization and reduce demineralization of dentin, thus offering resistance against secondary caries. However, to date, no study has reported the effect of fluoride ions on the bond strength of composite restorations subjected to artificial secondary caries formation. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of adhesive systems with and without fluoride on the microtensile bond strength of composite restorations to dentin, subjected or not to dynamic chemical secondary caries formation using a ph cycling model. Further aims were to assess the depth of dentin carious lesions and quantify fluoride release from the adhesive systems. 2. Materials and methods Teeth preparation and restoration Eighty bovine mandibular incisors were obtained and stored in 0.1% thymol solution. The buccal portion of enamel was removed using silicon carbide paper (grits 240, 400 and 600/Carborundum, Saint-Gobain Abrasivos LTDA, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil) fixed in a mechanical grinder (MaxiGrind Solotest, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), under constant water irrigation. Dentin surfaces were exposed and inspected to ensure no remnants of enamel were left. Fig. 1 describes the methodology used in the present study. Teeth were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 20), according to the adhesive system used (Fig. 1B): G1: total-etch fluoride-free adhesive system Single Bond SB (3M ESPE Dental Products Division, St. Paul, MN, USA); G2: total-etch fluoride containing adhesive system Optibond Solo Plus OS (Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA); G3: Self-etching primer fluoride-free Clearfil SE Bond SE (Kuraray Co., Ltd., Umeda, Osaka, Japan); G4: self-etching primer fluoride containing Clearfil Protect Bond PB (Kuraray Co., Ltd., Umeda, Osaka, Japan). Dentin surfaces were restored using the adhesive systems that were applied according to the manufacturers instructions. Then a 3 mm 3mm 8 mm (height, width and length) resin crown (composite resin Filtek Z250 3M ESPE) was build up incrementally over the dentin. The specimens were stored in moist environment, over wet cotton, at 37 C for 24 h. All four groups were then randomly allocated into two subgroups (n = 10), according to the chemical treatment: treated subjected to chemical induction of secondary caries (treated groups) and control no ph cycling. Restorations were sectioned perpendicularly to the bonded interface into approximately 1.0 mm-thick slabs. A total of six slabs per teeth were obtained (Fig. 1C) and the adhesive/dentin interface was further trimmed using a fine diamond bur (#1093ff KG Sorensen Ind. e Com. LTDA, Barueri, SP, Brazil) under copious water spray to produce a cross-sectional surface area of approximately 1.0 mm 2. No premature debonding occurred during sample preparation Demineralization remineralization cycling (ph cycling) The slabs from the treated group were coated with an acidresistant nail varnish except for a 4.0 mm 2 -window of dentin around the bonded interface (Fig. 1D). The specimens were subjected to four demineralisation remineralization cycles at 37 C. Each cycle was consisted of a 4 h immersion in demineralization solution followed by a 20 h immersion in remineralization solution. The demineralizing solution [14] was composed of acetic 2.0 mm Ca, 2.0 mm P in a buffer solution of 74.0 mm of acetate at ph 4.3 (it was used 6.25 ml of solution/mm 2 of exposed dentin) [15]. The remineralizing solution [14] was composed of 1.5 mm Ca, 0.9 mm P in a buffer solution of 20.0 mm Tris (hydroxymethil) aminomethane at ph 7.0 (it was used ml/mm 2 of exposed dental area) [15]. This cycling model was based on results from previous pilot studies, which aimed to establish a standardized protocol for the proposed methodology. The authors were looking for a non-aggressive caries model that would allow uniform demineralization at the dentin/adhesive interface. It was observed during the pilot study that several protocol used resulted in high demineralization rates that unable the microtensile bond strength testing due to high incidence of cohesive failures in dentin during the testing. Thus, the model used in this study (four cycles, 4 h-immersion in demineralization solution and 20 h-immersion in remineralization solution), allowed the formation of secondary caries and evaluation of the interface bond strength values with very low percentage of cohesive in dentin Microtensile bond strengh Four slabs of each tooth/restoration were selected for the microtensile bond testing and the other two were prepared for polarized light microscopy, for both treated and control groups. Specimens were positioned in a microtensile testing device attached to a Universal Testing Machine (EMIC LTDA, São José

3 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx 3 Fig. 1 Experimental design. (A) Bovine incisorsm. (B) Composite specimen prepared on dentin with the different adhesive systems used in the study. (C) Six slabs of specimen obtained after transversal sectioning. (D) Half of the samples were prepared for the chemical induction of caries (treated group), with remaining 4 mm 2 of dentin exposed around the adhesive interface. (E) Control group. (F) Model of ph cycling. (G) Four slices of each tooth were submitted to microtensile testing and the remaining two were evaluated in polarized light microscopy. (H) Evaluation of fluoride concentration on DE/RE solutions used on ph cycling. dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. Specimens were then carefully removed from the grips with a scalpel blade and the cross-sectional area at the site of fracture was measured (digital calliper Carl Mahr, GmbH, Essliger, Germany) once more to ensure an accurate cross-sectional area value. A mean bond strength value was obtained for each tooth. Means and standard deviations were calculated and expressed in MPa. The bond strength data was statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance ANOVA and Tukey s test at a 5% level of confidence. In order to evaluate fracture patterns, debonded specimens were fixed in 10% neutral formalin for at least 8 h prior to SEM examination. All fractured specimens were placed on SEM stubs and allowed to air dry. Specimens were then gold sputter-coated and observed with scanning electron microscopy (JSM 5600 LV; Jeol, Tóquio Japan) so that micro-

4 4 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx scopic fracture patterns and debonded interfaces morphology could be assessed. The patterns of fracture were designated as interface (hybrid layer), cohesive in adhesive resin, cohesive in dentin and mixed failure (association of two or more failures) [16]. The percentage of each failure mode was calculated from the frequency observed in each experimental group Specimen preparation for polarized light microscopy Two slabs of each tooth from both control and treated groups were randomly selected and prepared for the evaluation of demineralization by polarized light microscopy. Slabs were embedded in epoxy resin (Epoxicure Resin, Buehler, USA) and polished using silicon carbide paper (grit #600) in a mechanical grinder, under constant water irrigation. Then the specimens were manually polished using carbide paper grit 600 and 1200 until a final thickness of 0.10 ± 0.02 mm was obtained [9]. Special care was taken so that the surface remained free from the embedding material. Polished tooth sections were immersed in deionized water and photographed under polarized light microscopy (Leica, MLST). Standard 35.0 mm photomicrographs were taken and carious lesion depth was analyzed using specific software (Image Pro-Plus ) [14]. Digital images were taken, and the lesion depths were measured in micrometers at three sites by Image-Pro Plus software (Version 4.1 for Windows TM, Media Cybemetics). The depth of caries lesion was measured at 5, 10 and 25 m from the adhesive interface by the software linear measuring tool (Fig. 2). The resin surface and the adhesive interface were considered as reference points for these measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using Two-way ANOVA with split-plot at a significance level of 5%. The plots were represented by factor adhesive system (SB, SE, OS, and PB), and sub-plots were represented by factor distance (5, 10 and 25 m). Tukey s test was applied when significant differences were detected by ANOVA Fluoride release In order to evaluate fluoride release, standard solutions were prepared from sodium fluoride solution with concentrations of 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 ppm F to which was added TISAB III (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer; Termo Orion, Beverly, MA, USA) in order to obtain a constant background ionic strength. Standard solutions were used to plot the calibration graph. Fluoride release was detected using a fluoride-specific electrode connected to a microprocessor ion analyzer (ORION EA- 940, Orion Research Inc., Boston, MA 02129). The limit of F ion measurement for this ion-specific electrode is 0.03 ppm. Fluoride concentration in De/Re solutions was obtained by collecting 1ml of these solutions and 1ml of TISAB III. Sample readings were captured in milivolts (mv) and transformed in gf /ml (ppm F ) by linear regression of the calibration curve. Fluoride measurements of the De Re solution were obtained prior to the ph cycling. The initial fluoride concentration was subtracted from the measurements acquired after ph cycling. 3. Results 3.1. Microtensile bond strengh The means and standard deviations of TBS are summarized in Table 1. Two-way ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences for the factor ph Cycling (p = ). However, no differences were detected for the factor adhesive system (p = ) nor for the interaction between the two factors (p = ). Tukey s test showed significant differences between TBS obtained from control and treated groups (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed no difference among the adhesive systems in both control and treated groups (Table 1). However, a significant decrease in bond strength values after Fig. 2 Representative sketch of polarized light microscopy on the samples submitted to ph cycling (A). Close view of the adhesive interface, where depth of caries was measured (side and 5, 10 and 25 m distances) (B). Continuous arrow indicates adhesive interface and dashed arrow shows restoration surface and these were the references for the measurement bar positioning in the computer.

5 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx 5 Table1 Meanbond strengths (MPa) and standard deviations (S.D.) to factors adhesive system and ph cycling Adhesive systems Control Treated Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Single Bond 28.49Aa Bb 6.64 Optibond Solo Plus 25.14Aa Bb 4.84 Clearfil SE Bond 29.41Aa Bb 5.86 Clearfil Protect Bond 27.41Aa Bb 4.08 Means designated by different letters (capital letters in columns and lower case letters in rows) are significantly different according to Tukey s test (p < 0.05). ph cycling, regardless of the adhesive system tested, was observed. Table 2 shows the distribution of fracture mode pattern for the groups evaluated. A prevalence of mixed fracture was observed for all groups, regardless of treatment (control and treated). However, for SE fluoride-free adhesive system the control group presented fracture patterns divided among interface, mixed and cohesive in dentin. After the ph cycling, all groups depicted cohesive fracture in dentin on the edges (Fig. 3). This could be possibly due to dentinal demineralization by the ph cycling, which may have reduced dentin strength at this site Caries lesions depth analysis Two-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences for the factor adhesive systems (p = ), distance (p = ) and the interaction between both factors (p = ). None of the adhesive systems presented difference in caries depth at 25, 10 and 5 m distances, except for OS, which presented lower values of depth of caries at 5 m (31.64c), a greater value at 25 m (53.91a) and an intermediate value at 10 m (45.74b) (Table 3). No evidence of demineralization was found in the specimens from the control groups (Fig. 4A), regardless of the adhesive system. The microscopy images from the treated samples showed an inhibition zone, also called acid-resistant zone, next to the adhesive layer in all adhesive systems (Fig. 4) Fluoride release The ion F was detected in low concentrations in the De/Re solutions, below the minimal concentration of the calibration curve (<0.03 ppm F ). The adhesives systems that release fluoride, OS and PB, presented a mean concentration of ppm F (De + Re solutions) and the fluoride-free systems, SB and SE, did not present F ions in the solutions. 4. Discussion Many studies have shown that fluoride has a significant effect in the inhibition of caries [5,7,8,10,17,18]. Based on these findings, restorative materials and adhesive systems that release fluoride have been developed with the purpose of aiding in the prevention of secondary caries development. In the present study, bovine teeth were used instead of human teeth. According to previous studies [19,20] bovine Table 2 Failure modes of the debonded specimens expressed in percentage (%) Adhesive systems Interface Mixed Cohesive in adhesive resin Cohesive in dentin C T C T C T C T Single Bond Optibond Solo Plus Clearfil SE Bond Clearfil Protect Bond C = control groups; T = treated groups. Fig. 3 Scanning electron microscopy of fracture pattern found on the samples submitted to caries induction. (A) Dentin surface showing cohesive fracture on the edges. (B) Evidence of dentin and resin tags on the resin portion of the sample.

6 6 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx Table3 Meancarieslesion depth ( m) and standard deviations (S.D.) for the four adhesive systems and different distances evaluated Adhesive systems Lesion depth ( m) 5 m S.D. 10 m S.D. 25 m S.D. Single Bond 49.75Ab Aab Aa 7.79 Optibond Solo Plus 31.64Bb Aab Aa 9.20 Clearfil SE Bond 49.58Ab Aab Aa Clearfil Protect Bond 49.54Ac Ab Aa 9.35 Means designated by different letters (capital letters in columns and lower case letters in rows) are significantly different according to Tukey s test (p < 0.05). teeth are reliable substitutes of human teeth when used for bond strength (shear and microtensile tests) and microleakage assays. Also, several studies have used bovine dentin substrates in in vitro caries research [9,17,21 24]. The major advantage of using bovine teeth is the possibility of controlling the age (average age of 2 years), sclerosis and the amount of wear of the substrate. In the present study it was observed that the TBS of the restorations prepared using either fluoride or fluoride-free adhesive systems did not differ statistically when subjected to secondary caries induction (Table 1). However, when comparing treated versus control (Table 1) it was observed that the ph cycling treatment significantly reduced the TBS of all adhesive systems. A possible explanation for this fact could be that the resulting demineralization around the restorations (Fig. 4) was capable of reducing dentin strength and thus, probably, the adhesive interface, weakening the bonding between dentin and restoration, regardless of the presence of fluoride in the adhesive systems. It has been suggested that the fluoride in adhesive systems prevents dentin degradation, which results in stability of the adhesive interface [16]. This fluoride could reduce the solubility of calcium phosphate present in the hybrid layer, which stabilizes dentin bond strength [16]. The mineralized dentin matrix presents many enzymes (alkaline phosphatases, metaloproteases, including collagenase) which can be released and activated during acid conditioning or during tooth storage in water [16]. These enzymes are believed to degrade resin ester bonds [25], collagen [26] or both. However, fluoride can inhibit the activity of some enzymes [27]. According to Nakajima et al. (2003) [16] fluoride released within the hybrid layer might inhibit these enzymes from attacking the components of the hybrid layer. Also, the fluoride could prevent the enzymes from being released from the mineralized matrix due to its remineralization action [16]. Even though it is believed that fluoride-containing adhesive can stabilize the hybrid layer, under secondary caries simulation, it does not seem to influence TBS, as observed in the present study. The evaluation of the fracture pattern in SEM showed a predominance of mixed fractures, regardless of the adhesive system tested. However, the chemical induction of caries increased the percentage of this pattern. This suggests that alterations in dentin or within the hybrid layer/adhesive layer could have occurred. As shown on Fig. 3, cohesive fracture on dentin at the edges was a common finding in the samples that were submitted to caries induction. This could probably have occurred due to weakening of the dentin caused by demineralization during the De/Re cycling. No significant differences in the caries depth evaluation, by polarized light microscopy, were observed among the adhesive systems at the distances 10 and 25 m from the interface (Table 2). Itota et al. (2002) [10] also evaluated by microradiographs the depth of secondary caries formation on dentin restored with fluoride and fluoride-free adhesive systems. The authors did not report any differences amongst the adhesive systems evaluated, which is in agreement with the present study. At the distance of 5 m from the adhesive interfaces, the OS fluoride containing adhesive system presented the lowest value of caries penetration when compared to the other systems. Thus, among the fluoride-containing adhesives, OS and PB, only the former one presented reduced values of caries penetration at 5 m. Total-etching and self-etching adhesives form hybrid layers with different thicknesses: m for self-etching systems [28] and 4 5 m for total-etch systems [29]. The hybrid layer is formed by the adhesive infiltration in demineralized dentin and thus, it represents an essential structure for adhesion [1]. It is also considered to be an acidresistant layer [30]. Montes et al. (2001) [29] showed that the hybrid layer thickness of total-etch adhesive ranges from 6 to 8 m. These higher values could be a result of different application methods. The manufacturer of OS recommends active application, which facilitates adhesive penetration in the demineralized dentin. Therefore, it can be speculated that the lower values of caries depth formation at 5 m could be related to the thicker hybrid layer formed by OS, which resisted the acidic conditions of the demineralization solution. Some studies show that fluoride-containing adhesives are able to form an inhibition zone adjacent to the bonded interface, which is known as acid-resistant zone, since it can resist the acid attack during secondary caries formation [10,11,24,31]. This zone is also present in adhesive systems that do not contain fluoride, although it is not as thick as the fluoride containing adhesives [10,18]. This inhibition zone was observed adjacent to the adhesive interface (Fig. 4)bythe polarized light microscopy in all adhesive systems. However, it was thicker for the fluoride-containing total-etch adhesive OS. This acid-resistant zone could have also contributed to the lower caries depth found for OS system at 5 m. It is important to note that regardless of the lower caries depth observed for the OS at 5 m, the bond strength values of the treated group decreased significantly as compared to its control group.

7 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx 7 Fig. 4 Polarized light microscopy. (A) Representative image of a control group sample showing lack of caries lesion (demineralization). (B) Representative image of carious lesion on a sample submitted to ph cycling. Lesion aspect on samples restored with single bond (C), Optibond Solo Plus (D), Clearfil SE Bond (E) and Clearfil Protect Bond (F). Arrow indicates inhibition zone near adhesive interface. Itota et al., in 2002 [10], observed that only a fluoridecontaining adhesive associated with a restorative material that also contains fluoride is able to reduce artificial secondary caries depth due to the high concentration of fluoride present in the restorative material. These authors also reported that the same adhesive system used with a restorative material without fluoride was not effective against caries reduction. Specific electrode was not able to detect fluoride ions since the De/Re solutions presented very low concentrations of fluoride ions released by the adhesive system. This technique presents some limitations because the electrode is not able to precisely measure low fluoride concentrations. Studies [10,32,33] proposed the use of adhesive system discs attempting to overcome this technique limitation; however,

8 8 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx this methodology does not ideally mimic the condition in which the material is present in the restoration. The low fluoride concentration released from adhesive systems may be justified by the fact that the discharge is restricted to a small portion of the restoration exposed to the solutions, i.e. adhesive layer only. In addition, the fluoride ions would probably be confined in the adhesive polymerized resin matrix and/or at the hybrid layer and therefore would no be released to the environment. Toba et al. (2003) [24] suggested that since fluoride in adhesive systems is surrounded by resin matrix, its contact with water would be restricted since its movement might be limited by the matrix. However, further investigation is required in order to fully understand fluoride release mechanism from dentin adhesive materials. Studies have shown that fluoride-containing restorative materials help prevent secondary caries [10,17,18]. Nevertheless the role of fluoride in adhesive systems remains unclear. The present study shows that fluoride-containing adhesive systems had a minimal effect upon the chemically induced secondary caries process and on the bond strength to dentin. Further investigation is required to evaluate the effect of fluoride within the bonding system upon cariogenic plaque microorganisms, as well as in vivo or in situ studies to evaluate its behavior in intra-oral conditions. 5. Conclusions Within the limitations imposed on this in-vitro study, the following conclusions may be drawn: (1) secondary caries significantly reduces TBS of adhesive restorations; (2) adhesive systems with and without fluoride presented similar TBS, under caries induction; (3) fluoride-containing adhesive systems were not able to reduce in-vitro secondary caries depth and (4) the concentration of fluoride released by adhesive systems is lower than 0.03 ppm F. references [1] Pashley DH, Carvalho RM. Dentine permeability and dentine adhesion. J Dent 1997;25: [2] Fontana M, Gonzales-Cabezas C. Secondary caries and restoration replacement: an unresolved problem. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002;21: [3] Fejerskov O. Concept of dental caries and their consequences for understanding the disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1997;25:5 12. [4] Clarkson BH, Hall DI, Heilman Jr, Wefel JS. Effect of proteolytic enzymes on caries lesion formation in vitro. J Oral Pathol 1986;15: [5] Featherstone JDB. Fluoride remineralization and root caries. Am J Dent 1994;7: [6] Ten Cate JM. In vitro studies on the effects of fluoride on de- and remineralization. J Dent Res 1990;69:614 9 [special issue]. [7] Ten Cate JM, Van Duinen RN. Hypermineralization of dentinal lesions adjacent to glass-ionomer cement restorations. J Dent Res 1995;74: [8] Nagamine M, Itota T, Torii Y, Irie M, Staninec M, Inoue K. Effect of resin-modified glass ionomer cements on secondary caries. Am J Dent 1997;10: [9] Pereira PNR, Inokoshi S, Yamada T, Tagami J. Microhardness of in vitro caries inhibition zone adjacent to conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Dent Mater 1998;14: [10] Itota T, Nakabo S, Iwai Y, Konishi N, Nagamine M, Torii Y. Inhibition of artificial secondary caries by fluoride-releasing adhesives on root dentin. J Oral Rehabil 2002;29: [11] Savarino L, Brescgu L, Tedaldi M, Ciapetti G, Tarabusi C, Greco M, et al. Ability of restorative and fluoride releasing materials to prevent marginal dentine demineralisation. Biomaterials 2004;25: [12] Ferracane JL, Mitchem JC, Adey JD. Fluoride penetration into the hybrid layer from a dentin adhesive. Am J Dent 1998;11:23 8. [13] Featherstone JDB, O Reilly MM, Shariati M, Brugler S. Enhancement of remineralisation in vitro and in vivo. In: Leach SA, editor. Factors relating to demineralization and remineralisation of the teeth. Oxford: IRL Press; p [14] Lobo MM, Gonçalves RB, Ambrosano GMB and Pimenta LAF. Chemical or microbiological models of secondary caries development around different dental restorative materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005;74: [15] Shinkai RS, Del Bel Cury AA, Cury JA. In vitro evaluation of secondary caries development in enamel and root dentin around luted metallic restoration. Oper Dent 2001;26: [16] Nakajima M, Okuda M, Ogata M, Pereira PNR, Tagami J, Pashley DH. The durability of a fluoride-releasing resin adhesive system to dentin. Oper Dent 2003;28: [17] Hotta M, Li Y, Sekine I. Mineralization in bovine dentin adjacent to glass-ionomer restorations. J Dent 2001;29: [18] Torii Y, Itota T, Okamoto M, Nakabo S, Nagamine M, Inoue K. Inhibition of artificial secondary caries in root by fluoride releasing restorative materials. Oper Dent 2001;26: [19] Nakamichi I, Iwaku M, Fusayama T. Bovine teeth as possible substitutes in the adhesion test. J Dent Res 1983;62: [20] Reis AF, Giannini M, Kavaguchi A, Soares CJ, Line SRP. Comparison of microtensile bond strength to enamel and dentin of human, bovine and porcine teeth. J Adhes Dent 2004;6: [21] Pereira PNR, Inokoshi S, Yamada T, Tagami J. Microhardness of in vitro caries inhibition zone adjacent to conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Dent Mater 1998;14: [22] Francci C, Deaton TG, Arnold RR, Swift Jr EJ, Perdigao J, Bawden JW. Fluoride release from restorative materials and its effects on dentin demineralization. J Dent Res 1999;78: [23] Ten Cate JM. Remineralization of caries lesions extending into dentin. J Dent Res 2001;80: [24] Toba S, Pereira PNR, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Effect to topical application of fluoride gel on artificial secondary caries inhibition. Int Chin J Dent 2003;3: [25] Santerre JP, Shajii L, Leung BW. Relation of dentin composite formulations to their degradation and the release of hydrolyzed polymeric-resin-derived products. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2001;12: [26] Martin De-Las Heras S, Valenzuela A, Overall CM. The matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase A in human dentine. Arch Oral Biol 2000;45: [27] Marcos J, Townshend A. Fluoride determination by its inhibitory effects on immobilized liver esterase. Anal Chim Acta 1995;310:

9 dental materials xxx (2006) xxx xxx 9 [28] Prati C, Chersoni S, Mongiorgi R, Pashley DH. Resin-infiltrated dentin layer formation of new bonding systems. Oper Dent 1998;23: [29] Montes MAJR, De Góes MF, Da Cunha MRB, Soares AB. A morphological and tensile bond strength evaluation of an unfilled adhesive with low-viscosity composites and a filled adhesive in one and two coats. J Dent 2001;29: [30] Nakajima M, Sano H, Burrow MF, Tagami J, Yoshiyama M, Ebisu S, et al. Tensile bond strength and SEM evaluation of caries-affected dentin using dentin adhesives. J Dent Res 1995;74: [31] Tsuchiya S, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Richard M, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes Dent 2004;6: [32] Han L, Edward C, Okamoto A, Iwaku M. A comparative study of fluoride-releasing resin materials. Dent Mater J 2002;21:9 19. [33] Phanthavong S, Harada N, Sonoda H, Nikaido T, Pereira PNR, Tagami J. Flouride release and microhardnees of one-step adhesives in two immersion solutions. Int Chin J Dent 2004;4:1 7.

Anisotropy of Tensile Strengths of Bovine Dentin Regarding Dentinal Tubule Orientation and Location

Anisotropy of Tensile Strengths of Bovine Dentin Regarding Dentinal Tubule Orientation and Location Original paper Dental Materials Journal 21 (1): 32-43, 2002 Anisotropy of Tensile Strengths of Bovine Dentin Regarding Dentinal Tubule Orientation and Location Toshiko INOUE, Hidekazu TAKAHASHI and Fumio

More information

Effect of various grit burs on marginal integrity of resin composite restorations

Effect of various grit burs on marginal integrity of resin composite restorations J Med Dent Sci 2005; 52: 9 15 Original Article Effect of various grit burs on marginal integrity of resin composite restorations Kozo Nishimura 1, Masaomi Ikeda 1, Takako Yoshikawa 1, Masayuki Otsuki 1

More information

Adper Easy Bond. Self-Etch Adhesive. Technical Product Profile

Adper Easy Bond. Self-Etch Adhesive. Technical Product Profile Adper Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive Technical Product Profile Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction... 4 Product Description... 4 Composition...5-8 Background... 5 Mechanism of Adhesion to Enamel

More information

Fuji II LC. A Perfect Choice

Fuji II LC. A Perfect Choice A Perfect Choice is a remarkable restorative material The world s first resin-reinforced glass ionomer has remained the benchmark for light cured glass ionomer cements, delivering more than 15 years of

More information

Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Load Cycling on Microtensile Bond Strengths of Total and Self-etching Adhesive Systems

Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Load Cycling on Microtensile Bond Strengths of Total and Self-etching Adhesive Systems Operative Dentistry, 2006, 31-2, 240-247 Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Load Cycling on Microtensile Bond Strengths of Total and Self-etching Adhesive Systems FHO Mitsui AR Peris AN Cavalcanti GM

More information

Title. Issue Date Doc URL. Type. File Information. Author(s) Masaharu; Sato, Takahiro; Sano, Hidehiko. Citation269(20):

Title. Issue Date Doc URL. Type. File Information. Author(s) Masaharu; Sato, Takahiro; Sano, Hidehiko. Citation269(20): Title Fluorine analysis of human dentin surrounding resin Okuyama, Katsushi; Komatsu, Hisanori; Yamamoto, Hiro Author(s) Masaharu; Sato, Takahiro; Sano, Hidehiko Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics

More information

Comparison of Microtensile Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin of Human, Bovine, and Porcine Teeth

Comparison of Microtensile Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin of Human, Bovine, and Porcine Teeth Comparison of Microtensile Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin of Human, Bovine, and Porcine Teeth André F. Reis a /Marcelo Giannini b /Alessandro Kavaguchi c /Carlos José Soares a / Sérgio R. P. Line d

More information

Effect of glass ionomer cements on nanohardness of caries-affected dentin

Effect of glass ionomer cements on nanohardness of caries-affected dentin Effect of glass ionomer cements on nanohardness of caries-affected dentin Chaiwat Maneenut, DDS, MDSc, a Toru Nikaido, DDS, PhD, b Richard M. Foxton, BDS, PhD, c and Junji Tagami, DDS, PhD b,d a Department

More information

Fluoride Release Rate from an Orthodontic Sealant and Its Clinical Implications

Fluoride Release Rate from an Orthodontic Sealant and Its Clinical Implications Original Article Fluoride Release Rate from an Orthodontic Sealant and Its Clinical Implications Manal M. Soliman a ; Samir E. Bishara b ; James Wefel c ; Judi Heilman d ; John J. Warren e ABSTRACT The

More information

EFFECT OF RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT ON MICROHARDNESS OF INITIAL CARIES LESIONS

EFFECT OF RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT ON MICROHARDNESS OF INITIAL CARIES LESIONS EFFECT OF RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT ON MICROHARDNESS OF INITIAL CARIES LESIONS Woranun Prapansilp 1, Kadkao Vongsavan 1, Praphasri Rirattanapong 1 and Rudee Surarit 2 1 Department of Pediatric

More information

SmartCrown. The Cavity Fighting SmartCrown. Patient Education Booklet. SmartCrown.com Toll Free Local

SmartCrown. The Cavity Fighting SmartCrown. Patient Education Booklet. SmartCrown.com Toll Free Local The Cavity Fighting SmartCrown SmartCrown Ca2+ SmartCrown.com Patient Education Booklet www.smartcrown.com support@smartcrown.com 800.255.2839 Toll Free 801.281.4012 Local 801.281.4022 Fax F- PO43- Origin

More information

The Cavity Fighting ProActive Crown

The Cavity Fighting ProActive Crown The Cavity Fighting ProActive Crown Powered by Ketac Nano Patient Education Booklet www.proactivedentist.com support@proactivedentist.com 800.255.2839 Toll Free 801.281.4012 Local 801.281.4022 Fax Origin

More information

Forgives Nothing. Forgives Almost Anything. Science Update

Forgives Nothing. Forgives Almost Anything. Science Update Forgives Nothing Forgives Almost Anything Science Update Shear bond strength on wet and dry dentin (Ultradent) Latta M, Omaha Since etching of dentin with phosphoric acid was introduced, one focus of research

More information

JBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Science

JBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Science ISSN: 2376-032X JBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Science Yashpal and Monika, 2014, 2:1 DOI: 104172/2376-032X1000111 JBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Science Research

More information

G-Premio BOND. One component light cured universal adhesive. BOND with the BEST

G-Premio BOND. One component light cured universal adhesive. BOND with the BEST One component light cured universal adhesive BOND with the BEST The world s most clinically successful adhesive is now even better! Introducing. G-BOND has proven to be the world s most clinically successful

More information

Bond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique

Bond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Australian Dental Journal 2006;51:(2):175-179 Bond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique GM Knight,* JM McIntyre,* Mulyani*

More information

Can previous acid etching increase the bond strength of a self-etching primer adhesive to enamel?

Can previous acid etching increase the bond strength of a self-etching primer adhesive to enamel? Restorative Dentistry Restorative Dentistry Can previous acid etching increase the bond strength of a self-etching primer adhesive to enamel? Ana Paula Morales Cobra Carvalho (a) Míriam Lacalle Turbino

More information

Bond Strength of Total-Etch Dentin Adhesive Systems on Peripheral and Central Dentinal Tissue: A Microtensile Bond Strength Test

Bond Strength of Total-Etch Dentin Adhesive Systems on Peripheral and Central Dentinal Tissue: A Microtensile Bond Strength Test Bond Strength of Total-Etch Dentin Adhesive Systems on Peripheral and Central Dentinal Tissue: A Microtensile Bond Strength Test Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile

More information

Is there any clinical evidence?

Is there any clinical evidence? Current treatment objectives Anticariogenic capacity of restorative materials in paediatric dentistry: in vitro evidence vs. clinical efficiency Prof. Lisa Papagianoulis Restoration with minimal intervention

More information

Linking Research to Clinical Practice

Linking Research to Clinical Practice Prevention of Root Caries Denise M. Bowen, RDH, MS Linking Research to Clinical Practice The purpose of Linking Research to Clinical Practice is to present evidence based information to clinical dental

More information

G-Premio BOND. Introducing a premium bonding experience

G-Premio BOND. Introducing a premium bonding experience Introducing a premium bonding experience The world s most clinically successful adhesive is now even better! Introducing G-Premio BOND. G-BOND has proven to be the world s most clinically successful adhesive

More information

In nitro bond strength of cements to treated teeth

In nitro bond strength of cements to treated teeth In nitro bond strength of cements to treated teeth Mohamed M. Barakat, BDS, PhD* John M. Powers, PhDt Abstract Adhesive bond strengths of glass ionomer and polycarboxylate cements to human enamel and dentine

More information

Pelagia Research Library. Comparison of microleakage in bonded amalgam restrorations using different adhesive materials: An invitro study

Pelagia Research Library. Comparison of microleakage in bonded amalgam restrorations using different adhesive materials: An invitro study Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2011, 1 (2):92-96 ISSN: 2248 9215 Comparison of microleakage in bonded amalgam restrorations using different

More information

Effects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel

Effects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel Effects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel André Figueiredo Reis, DDS, MS, PhD; Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar, DDS, MS, PhD; Patricia Nóbrega Rodrigues

More information

Junji Tagami. 1.Topic in Research Achievements in the Year 2006

Junji Tagami. 1.Topic in Research Achievements in the Year 2006 Junji Tagami 1.Topic in Research Achievements in the Year 2006 Among several research programs that have been undertaken to establish an appropriate diagnostic method and to develop minimally invasive

More information

The Future of Dentistry Now in Your Hands Changes everything you know about traditional Composites, Glass Ionomers and RMGIs

The Future of Dentistry Now in Your Hands Changes everything you know about traditional Composites, Glass Ionomers and RMGIs The Future of Dentistry Now in Your Hands Changes everything you know about traditional Composites, Glass Ionomers and RMGIs PULPDENT BioACTIVE Products for ProACTIVE Dentistry Advances in dental materials

More information

Influence of zinc oxide-eugenol temporary cement on bond strength of an all-in-one adhesive system to bovine dentin

Influence of zinc oxide-eugenol temporary cement on bond strength of an all-in-one adhesive system to bovine dentin Braz J Oral Sci. October-December 2007 - Vol. 6 - Number 23 Influence of zinc oxide-eugenol temporary cement on bond strength of an all-in-one adhesive system to bovine dentin Eduardo Schwartzer 1 Fabrício

More information

THE ONE AND ONLY. CLEARFIL Universal Bond

THE ONE AND ONLY. CLEARFIL Universal Bond THE ONE AND ONLY THIS ADHESIVE LETS YOU BOND ALMOST ALL DENTAL MATERIALS Universal. Easy. Reliable. NEW! With the new you can bond various dental materials and select the etch mode of your choice. You

More information

Adhese Universal. The universal adhesive. Direct Indirect Total-Etch Selective-Etch Self-Etch Wet & Dry. All in. one click

Adhese Universal. The universal adhesive. Direct Indirect Total-Etch Selective-Etch Self-Etch Wet & Dry. All in. one click Adhese Universal The universal adhesive Direct Indirect Total-Etch Selective-Etch Self-Etch Wet & Dry All in one click 1 Universal Adhesion with advanced delivery Adhese Universal is a singlecomponent,

More information

BioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology

BioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology R R Breakthrough! BioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology The only bioactive pit and fissure sealant that provides relentless protection through daily release of fluoride, calcium and phosphate ions. Bioactive

More information

ANALYSIS OF FLUORIDE RELEASED FROM GIC AND RMGIC IN SALIVA AND DENTINO-ENAMEL SUBSTANCE

ANALYSIS OF FLUORIDE RELEASED FROM GIC AND RMGIC IN SALIVA AND DENTINO-ENAMEL SUBSTANCE ANALYSIS OF FLUORIDE RELEASED FROM GIC AND RMGIC IN SALIVA AND DENTINO-ENAMEL SUBSTANCE Endang Suprastiwi Departement of Conservative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry University of Indonesia Esuprastiwi@yahoo.co.id

More information

Etching with EDTA- An in vitro study

Etching with EDTA- An in vitro study ISSN 0970-4388 Etching with EDTA- An in vitro study BOGRA P a, KASWAN S b ABSTRACT: In the present study, 25% EDTA, in gel form, was used to analyse its micromorphological effects on tooth surfaces with

More information

UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEM. PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND Light-Cured Adhesive with Chlorhexidine

UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEM. PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND Light-Cured Adhesive with Chlorhexidine UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEM PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND Light-Cured Adhesive with Chlorhexidine 1 TOTAL-ETCH PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND SELF-ETCH UNIVERSAL BONDING The Peak Universal Adhesive System features a universal

More information

Enhancement of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement following a coating of silver fluoride

Enhancement of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement following a coating of silver fluoride SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Australian Dental Journal 2006;51:(4):328-332 Enhancement of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement following a coating of silver fluoride Z Ariffin,* H Ngo, J McIntyre Abstract

More information

Glass Ionomers. Ingredients. acid. Glass Ionomers

Glass Ionomers. Ingredients. acid. Glass Ionomers Glass Ionomers Ingredients The glass should contain strontium too! (This is important) Polyacrylic acid acid Calcium fluoroalumino silicate glass base Glass Ionomers Bioavailable once called bioac/ve Inhibits

More information

Pulpal Protection: bases, liners, sealers, caries control Module A: Basic Concepts

Pulpal Protection: bases, liners, sealers, caries control Module A: Basic Concepts Readings: Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry, 3 nd Edition; Summitt, et al Chapters 5, 6 and 8 Pulpal Protection: bases, liners, sealers, caries control Module A: Basic Concepts REST 528A Operative #3A

More information

Effect of time on tensile bond strength of resin cement bonded to dentine and low-viscosity composite

Effect of time on tensile bond strength of resin cement bonded to dentine and low-viscosity composite Journal of Dentistry (2006) 34, 52 61 www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jden Effect of time on tensile bond strength of resin cement bonded to dentine and low-viscosity composite Rosângela Marques Duarte

More information

stabilisation and surface protection

stabilisation and surface protection Guiding the way to caries stabilisation and surface protection Fissure sealing MI restorations Pulp capping Hypersensitivity Protection Caries stabilisation Fuji Triage from GC. Temporary restorations

More information

G-COAT PLUS G-COAT PLUS GET THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS WITH THE STROKE OF A BRUSH

G-COAT PLUS G-COAT PLUS GET THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS WITH THE STROKE OF A BRUSH G-COAT PLUS BEAUTY BRAWN GET THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS WITH THE STROKE OF A BRUSH 1 Introducing a Revolutionary new Coating G-COAT PLUS gives your restorations the Best of Both Worlds: A beautiful new finish

More information

THE FUTURE DEMANDS THE RIGHT EQUIPMENT CLEARFIL SE BOND 2

THE FUTURE DEMANDS THE RIGHT EQUIPMENT CLEARFIL SE BOND 2 THE FUTURE DEMANDS THE RIGHT EQUIPMENT CLEARFIL SE BOND THE GOLD STANDARD MADE FUTURE PROOF It's now a two-step self-etch universal adhesive. NEW! With the new and stronger CLEARFIL SE BOND you can bond

More information

BioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology

BioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology new! BioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology Premier s new bioactive pit and fissure sealant provides relentless protection, outstanding adhesion and extended fluoride release. Bioactive Release - Uptake

More information

DH220 Dental Materials

DH220 Dental Materials DH220 Dental Materials Lecture #5 Prof. Lamanna RDH, MS Restorative Dentistry: Glass Ionomer Bird & Robinson p.740-741 I. Use Liner Base Luting agent Restorative material: Class III, V, & eroded/abraded

More information

riva helping you help your patients

riva helping you help your patients riva helping you help your patients what is a glass ionomer? how will a dentist benefit from using glass ionomers? how will a patient benefit from their glass ionomer? Glass ionomer is the generic name

More information

Metal-Free Restorations PROCEDURES FOR POSTERIOR DIRECT & SEMI-DIRECT COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS D I D I E R D I E T S C H I. For.

Metal-Free Restorations PROCEDURES FOR POSTERIOR DIRECT & SEMI-DIRECT COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS D I D I E R D I E T S C H I. For. PROCEDURES FOR POSTERIOR DIRECT & SEMI-DIRECT COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS Metal-Free Restorations D I D I E R D I E T S C H I The Geneva Smile Center D.M.D, PhD, Privat-Docent 2, Quai Gustave Ador 1207 Geneva

More information

Ion uptake into demineralized dentine from glass ionomer cement following pretreatment with silver fluoride and potassium iodide

Ion uptake into demineralized dentine from glass ionomer cement following pretreatment with silver fluoride and potassium iodide SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Australian Dental Journal 2006;51:(3):237-241 Ion uptake into demineralized dentine from glass ionomer cement following pretreatment with silver fluoride and potassium iodide GM Knight,*

More information

Caries Inhibiting Effectiveness of the Origin SmartCrown An in-vitro Comparative Study

Caries Inhibiting Effectiveness of the Origin SmartCrown An in-vitro Comparative Study Caries Inhibiting Effectiveness of the Origin SmartCrown An in-vitro Comparative Study B&D Dental Corporation Key Words Resin modified glass ionomer; Interproximal caries; Adjacent surfaces; Fluoride releasing;

More information

MARGINAL ADAPTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF BIOACTIVE DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS IN DECIDUOUS AND YOUNG PERMANENT TEETH

MARGINAL ADAPTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF BIOACTIVE DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS IN DECIDUOUS AND YOUNG PERMANENT TEETH www.fob.usp.br/jaos or www.scielo.br/jaos J Appl Oral Sci. 2008;16(1):1-6 MARGINAL ADAPTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF BIOACTIVE DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS IN DECIDUOUS AND YOUNG PERMANENT TEETH Elizabeta

More information

General dentists in private practice place numerous

General dentists in private practice place numerous PROACTIVE INTERVENTION DENTISTRY Incorporating Glass Ionomers into Everyday Dental Practice Todd Snyder, DDS, FAACD, FIADFE Introduction General dentists in private practice place numerous direct tooth

More information

***Handout*** Adhesive Dentistry Harald O. Heymann, DDS MEd Dentin Bonding Rewetting/Desensitization

***Handout*** Adhesive Dentistry Harald O. Heymann, DDS MEd Dentin Bonding Rewetting/Desensitization ***Handout*** Adhesive Dentistry Harald O. Heymann, DDS MEd Dentin Bonding * Regardless of the type dentinal adhesive used, the primary mechanism for dentin adhesion is still establishment of the hybrid

More information

Get in front of the 8 ball with the new Fuji VIII GP. The first auto-cure, resin reinforced glass ionomer restorative

Get in front of the 8 ball with the new Fuji VIII GP. The first auto-cure, resin reinforced glass ionomer restorative Get in front of the 8 ball with the new Fuji VIII GP The first auto-cure, resin reinforced glass ionomer restorative 8 reasons to choose Fuji VIII GP Auto-cure, resin reinforced glass ionomer restorative

More information

Adhesive Solutions. Scotchbond Universal Adhesive. SEM pictures of Scotchbond Universal Adhesive. One bottle for all cases! Total-Etch and Self-Etch

Adhesive Solutions. Scotchbond Universal Adhesive. SEM pictures of Scotchbond Universal Adhesive. One bottle for all cases! Total-Etch and Self-Etch Adhesive Solutions Adhesive SEM pictures of. One bottle for all cases! Total-Etch and Self-Etch One adhesive for Total-Etch and Self-Etch Discover the Universal Bonding Solution. Unleash the power of the

More information

Effect of resin-coating technique on coronal leakage inhibition in endodontically treated teeth

Effect of resin-coating technique on coronal leakage inhibition in endodontically treated teeth Effect of resin-coating technique on coronal leakage inhibition in endodontically treated teeth Rena Maruoka, DDS, PhD a Toru Nikaido, DDS, PhD, a Masaomi Ikeda, RDT, BSc, a Richard M. Foxton, BDS, PhD,

More information

G-CEM LinkAce. The new strength in self-adhesive cement

G-CEM LinkAce. The new strength in self-adhesive cement The new strength in self-adhesive cement is stronger Now offering comparative physical properties to current adhesive resin cements, is the next evolution in easy-to-use, versatile, self-adhesive. Designed

More information

Immediate Dentin Sealing and Cerec How to avoid sensivities 100 pc and how to have lots of practical advantages

Immediate Dentin Sealing and Cerec How to avoid sensivities 100 pc and how to have lots of practical advantages Immediate Dentin Sealing and Cerec How to avoid sensivities 100 pc and how to have lots of practical advantages Some abbreviations in this ppt. IDS: Immediate dentin sealing means the application of the

More information

Interface Characterization and Nanoleakage of One-step Self-etch Adhesive Systems

Interface Characterization and Nanoleakage of One-step Self-etch Adhesive Systems ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Dental Science Volume 5 Number 1 Interface Characterization and Nanoleakage of One-step Self-etch Adhesive Systems N Ayad, K Abdelaziz Citation N Ayad, K Abdelaziz.. The

More information

Effect of Cyclic Loading on the Bond Strength of Class II Restorations with Different Composite Materials

Effect of Cyclic Loading on the Bond Strength of Class II Restorations with Different Composite Materials Operative Dentistry, 2008, 33-2, 163-168 Effect of Cyclic Loading on the Bond Strength of Class II Restorations with Different Composite Materials AN Cavalcanti FHO Mitsui F Silva AR Peris A Bedran-Russo

More information

Studies of dental root surface caries. 1: Comparison of natural and artificial root caries lesions

Studies of dental root surface caries. 1: Comparison of natural and artificial root caries lesions SCIENTIFIC A R T I C L E Australian Dental Journal 2000;45:(1):24-30 Studies of dental root surface caries. 1: Comparison of natural and artificial root caries lesions J. M. McIntyre,* J. D. B. Featherstone,

More information

Anticaries effect of dentifrices with calcium citrate and sodium trimetaphosphate

Anticaries effect of dentifrices with calcium citrate and sodium trimetaphosphate www.scielo.br/jaos Anticaries effect of dentifrices with calcium citrate and sodium trimetaphosphate 1 2 3 4, 1 5 1- DDS, MS, PhD, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP,

More information

Root Surface Protection Simple. Effective. Important.

Root Surface Protection Simple. Effective. Important. GC Fuji VII / Fuji VII EP Root Surface Protection Simple. Effective. Important. Brush up your painting skills and help your patients Q&A Prof. Laurie Walsh University of Queensland lifestyle factors (frequency

More information

Product Information. ibond Universal All-purpose convenience. Giving a hand to oral health.

Product Information. ibond Universal All-purpose convenience. Giving a hand to oral health. Product Information All-purpose convenience. Giving a hand to oral health. Bonding with confidence. What would you expect from a universal bonding? Durable, reliable bond strength. Convenient and safe

More information

Effect of Different Bur Grinding on the Bond Strength of Self etching Adhesives

Effect of Different Bur Grinding on the Bond Strength of Self etching Adhesives Operative Dentistry, 2006, 31-3, 317-323 Laboratory Research Effect of Different Bur Grinding on the Bond Strength of Self etching Adhesives S Semeraro D Mezzanzanica D Spreafico M Gagliani D Re T Tanaka

More information

Leakage Pathway of Class V Cavities Restored With Different Flowable Resin Composite Restorations

Leakage Pathway of Class V Cavities Restored With Different Flowable Resin Composite Restorations Operative Dentistry, 2008, 33-1, 31-36 Leakage Pathway of Class V Cavities Restored With Different Flowable Resin Composite Restorations WY Awliya AM El-Sahn Clinical Relevance The flowable resins evaluated

More information

Literaturverzeichnis: 1. Tay FR, Frankenberger R, Krejci I et al. (2004) Single-bottle adhesives behave as permeable membranes after polymerization. I

Literaturverzeichnis: 1. Tay FR, Frankenberger R, Krejci I et al. (2004) Single-bottle adhesives behave as permeable membranes after polymerization. I Literaturverzeichnis: 1. Tay FR, Frankenberger R, Krejci I et al. (2004) Single-bottle adhesives behave as permeable membranes after polymerization. I. In vivo evidence. J Dent 32: 611-621. 2. Frankenberger

More information

Bond Strength of Composite Resin Luting Cements to Fiber-reinforced Composite Root Canal Post

Bond Strength of Composite Resin Luting Cements to Fiber-reinforced Composite Root Canal Post Bond Strength of Composite Resin Luting Cements to Fiber-reinforced Composite Root Canal Post Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the attachment of different composite resin luting cements

More information

FLUORIDE RELEASING, BIOACTIVE, NANO-HYBRID COMPOSITE

FLUORIDE RELEASING, BIOACTIVE, NANO-HYBRID COMPOSITE LS FLUORIDE RELEASING, BIOACTIVE, NANO-HYBRID COMPOSITE V I S I T W W W. S H O F U. C O M O R C A L L 8 0 0. 8 2 7. 4 6 3 8 Create indistinguishable restorations with optical characteristics of natural

More information

etching systems with mixing self-etching Etch & Rinse systems 3-year Water-storage Class-V Dentin Margin Integrity of Adhesives

etching systems with mixing self-etching Etch & Rinse systems 3-year Water-storage Class-V Dentin Margin Integrity of Adhesives 3-year Water-storage Class-V Dentin Margin Integrity of Adhesives Introduction U. BLUNCK Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Dental School Dept. of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology P. ZASLANSKY

More information

Transdental Photo-activation Technique: Hardness and Marginal Adaptation of Composite Restorations Using Different Light Sources

Transdental Photo-activation Technique: Hardness and Marginal Adaptation of Composite Restorations Using Different Light Sources Operative Dentistry, 2008, 33-4, 421-425 Transdental Photo-activation Technique: Hardness and Marginal Adaptation of Composite Restorations Using Different Light Sources EB Alves RCB Alonso GM Correr AB

More information

MDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary Vol.:9 No.:2 2012

MDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary Vol.:9 No.:2 2012 MDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary fillings on shear bond strength of composite restoration Dr. Farid G. Numan B.D.S., M.Sc Abstract The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate

More information

Effect of Self-etchant ph on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An in vitro Study

Effect of Self-etchant ph on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An in vitro Study 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1126 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Effect of Self-etchant ph on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An in vitro Study Amit Goyal, H Jyothikiran, BM Shivalinga WJD ABSTRACT Aims:

More information

Bonding to dentine: How it works. The future of restorative dentistry

Bonding to dentine: How it works. The future of restorative dentistry Bonding to dentine: How it works The future of restorative dentistry There are 82 adhesive systems on the market today! Are dentists confused about bonding? Michael Buonocore Buonocore MG. A simple method

More information

Evaluation the Effect of Different Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Composite Increments (An in vitro study)

Evaluation the Effect of Different Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Composite Increments (An in vitro study) International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2017 676 Evaluation the Effect of Different Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Composite Increments

More information

SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF SOME SEALANTS UNDER SALIVA CONTAMINATION

SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF SOME SEALANTS UNDER SALIVA CONTAMINATION SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF SOME SEALANTS UNDER SALIVA CONTAMINATION Praphasri Rirattanapong 1, Kadkao Vongsavan 1 and Rudee Surarit 2 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 2 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry,

More information

SDR has proven reliability in high C-factor cavities 2

SDR has proven reliability in high C-factor cavities 2 R R SDR has proven reliability in high C-factor cavities 2 SDR was introduced by DENTSPLY DETREY, Konstanz, Germany in 200 and has since been used in over 20 million restorations across the globe. SDR

More information

Operative dentistry. Lec: 10. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE):

Operative dentistry. Lec: 10. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE): Operative dentistry Lec: 10 د.عبذالمنعم الخفاجي Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE): There are 2 types: 1) Unreinforced ZOE (ordinary type): supplied as powder (zinc oxide + some additives like zinc acetate, white

More information

values is of great interest.

values is of great interest. User Report Dr. Ralph Schönemann, May 21, 2008 There are numerous self-etchbonding systems on the market that sometimes differ very much from one another with regards to their chemical composition. It

More information

A comparison of three resin bonding agents to primary tooth dentin

A comparison of three resin bonding agents to primary tooth dentin A comparison of three resin bonding agents to primary tooth dentin Fernando Borba de Araujo, DDS, PhD Franklin Garcia-Godoy, DDS, MS Myaki Iss~o, DDS, PhD Abstract This study determined the shear bond

More information

Influence of Bioactive Materials on Whitened Human Enamel Surface in vitro study

Influence of Bioactive Materials on Whitened Human Enamel Surface in vitro study Influence of Bioactive Materials on Whitened Human Enamel Surface Influence of Bioactive Materials on Whitened Human Enamel Surface in vitro study Pinheiro HB, Cardoso PEC, Universidade de São Paulo, São

More information

MANAGEMENT OF ROOT CARIES USING OZONE

MANAGEMENT OF ROOT CARIES USING OZONE MANAGEMENT OF ROOT CARIES USING OZONE DENTAL NEWS, VOLUME XI, NUMBER II, 2004 BACKGROUND OZONE CAN BE CONSIDERED AS an alternative management strategy for root caries.

More information

Fluoride release and microhardness of one-step adhesives in two immersion solutions

Fluoride release and microhardness of one-step adhesives in two immersion solutions Fluoride release and microhardness of one-step adhesives in two immersion solutions Somphone Phanthavong, DDS, PhD, a Naoko Harada, DDS, PhD, a Hidekazu Sonoda, DDS, PhD, a Toru Nikaido, DDS, PhD, a Patricia

More information

Correlation between the Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements and Their Bond Strength to Bovine Teeth

Correlation between the Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements and Their Bond Strength to Bovine Teeth Dental Materials Journal 23(4): 656-660, 2004 Correlation between the Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements and Their Bond Strength to Bovine Teeth Yasushi HIBINO, Ken-ichi KURAMOCHI, Atsushi HARASHIMA, Muneaki

More information

Effect of Surface Treatments and Different Adhesives on the Hybrid Layer Thickness of Non-carious Cervical Lesions

Effect of Surface Treatments and Different Adhesives on the Hybrid Layer Thickness of Non-carious Cervical Lesions Operative Dentistry, 2008, 33-3, 338-345 Effect of Surface Treatments and Different Adhesives on the Hybrid Layer Thickness of Non-carious Cervical Lesions E Eliguzeloglu H Omurlu G Eskitascioglu S Belli

More information

Comparative Evaluation of Perimarginal Enamel Demineralization among Total Etch, Two Step

Comparative Evaluation of Perimarginal Enamel Demineralization among Total Etch, Two Step Quest Journals Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research Volume 5~ Issue 6 (2018) pp: 07-13 ISSN(Online) : 2394-076X ISSN (Print):2394-0751 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Comparative Evaluation

More information

An estimation of fluoride release from various dental restorative materials at different ph: In vitro study

An estimation of fluoride release from various dental restorative materials at different ph: In vitro study Original Article An estimation of fluoride release from various dental restorative materials at different : In vitro study Abstract Background: In the mid of 1980s, the cariostatic effect of fluoride ions

More information

shrink less than 1 %

shrink less than 1 % Filtek Silorane Low Shrink Posterior Restorative System The first composite to shrink less than 1 % Filtek Silorane The first posterior composite to shrink less than 1% 1 Any time you restore a patient

More information

Comparitive Evaluation of Enamel Demineralisation using Conventional Light Cure Composite Resin and RMGIC- An Invivo Study

Comparitive Evaluation of Enamel Demineralisation using Conventional Light Cure Composite Resin and RMGIC- An Invivo Study I J Pre Clin Dent Res 2015;2(7):1-9 July-September All rights reserved International Journal of Preventive & Clinical Dental Research Comparitive Evaluation of Enamel Demineralisation using Conventional

More information

Effect of Chlorhexidine Application in a Self-etching Adhesive on the Immediate Resin-Dentin Bond Strength

Effect of Chlorhexidine Application in a Self-etching Adhesive on the Immediate Resin-Dentin Bond Strength Publication Effect of Chlorhexidine Application in a Self-etching Adhesive on the Immediate Resin-Dentin Bond Strength Jianfeng Zhou a /Jianguo Tan b /Xu Yang c /Chuoyue Cheng d /Xiaoling Wang d /Li Chen

More information

Influence of Time on Bond Strength After Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide

Influence of Time on Bond Strength After Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide Influence of Time on Bond Strength After Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide Abstract Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of time after treatment with a 35% hydrogen peroxide

More information

Surface Treatments that Demonstrate a Significant Positive Effect on the Shear Bond Strength of Repaired Resin-modified Glass Ionomer

Surface Treatments that Demonstrate a Significant Positive Effect on the Shear Bond Strength of Repaired Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Ó Operative Dentistry, 2015, 40-4, 403-409 Surface Treatments that Demonstrate a Significant Positive Effect on the Shear Bond Strength of Repaired Resin-modified Glass Ionomer D Welch B Seesengood C Hopp

More information

A Step-by-Step Approach to

A Step-by-Step Approach to A Step-by-Step Approach to a Diastema Closure A Dual-Purpose Technique that Manages Black Triangles Marcos Vargas, DDS, MS Figure 1: Preoperative view of a patient who presented with a diastema between

More information

Preparation and making fillings Class V., III., IV.

Preparation and making fillings Class V., III., IV. Preparation and making fillings Class V., III., IV. Class V. Cervical defects - Dental caries - Non carious lesions (erosion, abrasion, V shaped defects) Types of defects Caries Erosion Abrasion V shaped

More information

EFFICACY OF FLUORIDE MOUTHRINSE CONTAINING TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON PRIMARY ENAMEL LESIONS : A POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY

EFFICACY OF FLUORIDE MOUTHRINSE CONTAINING TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON PRIMARY ENAMEL LESIONS : A POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY EFFICACY OF FLUORIDE MOUTHRINSE CONTAINING TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON PRIMARY ENAMEL LESIONS : A POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY Praphasri Rirattanapong 1, Kadkao Vongsavan 1, Chavengkiat Saengsirinavin

More information

Healing and Sealing Dental Caries: The Paradigm Has Shifted

Healing and Sealing Dental Caries: The Paradigm Has Shifted Healing and Sealing Dental Caries: The Paradigm Has Shifted Edmond R. Hewlett, D.D.S. This Afternoon s Topics Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) Remineralization with CPP/ACP Restoring carious

More information

BioCem Universal BioActive Cement. Designed specifically for pediatric dentistry

BioCem Universal BioActive Cement. Designed specifically for pediatric dentistry BioCem Universal BioActive Cement Designed specifically for pediatric dentistry The Ultimate Pediatric Cement for Evidence-Based Dentistry. You might be wondering, What cement should I use? A standard

More information

Effect of Double Coating of One-step Self-etching Adhesive on Micromorphology and Microtensile Bond Strength to Sound vs Demineralized Dentin

Effect of Double Coating of One-step Self-etching Adhesive on Micromorphology and Microtensile Bond Strength to Sound vs Demineralized Dentin ORIGINAL RESEARCH Effect of Double Coating 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1549 of One-step Self-etching Adhesive Effect of Double Coating of One-step Self-etching Adhesive on Micromorphology and Microtensile

More information

Comparison of shear bond strength of aesthetic restorative materials

Comparison of shear bond strength of aesthetic restorative materials Comparison of shear bond strength of aesthetic restorative materials Suryakumari B. P. Nujella, Manisha T. Choudary 1, Satyanarayana P. Reddy 2, Kiran kumar M. 3, Gopal T. 4 Abstract Aim: The present study

More information

Continually Fluoride Releasing Aesthetic Dental Restorative Material

Continually Fluoride Releasing Aesthetic Dental Restorative Material Continually Fluoride Releasing Aesthetic Dental Restorative Material Research is our best product Image provided by Dr. Sushil Koirala BEAUTIFIL II More than just filling BEAUTIFIL II stands out for its

More information

Dental erosion: In vitro model of wine assessor s erosion

Dental erosion: In vitro model of wine assessor s erosion ADRF REPORT Australian Dental Journal 21;46:(4):263-268 Dental erosion: In vitro model of wine assessor s erosion Tong Bee Mok,* J McIntyre,* D Hunt* Abstract Background: Wine makers and assessors frequently

More information

TECHNICAL GUIDE. For use with CEREC

TECHNICAL GUIDE. For use with CEREC TECHNICAL GUIDE For use with CEREC THE FUTURE AND SOLUTION OF INNOVATIVE ZIRCONIA FEATURES TRANSLUCENCY SIMILAR TO NATURAL TOOTH ENAMEL BY SPEED SINTERING The collaboration of Kuraray Noritake Dental s

More information

Microleakage around zirconia crowns after ultrasonic scaling around their margin

Microleakage around zirconia crowns after ultrasonic scaling around their margin Microleakage around zirconia crowns after ultrasonic scaling around their margin Bright Chang D2 Dental Student UAB School of Dentistry Final report (revision) July 26, 2017 Mentors: Nathaniel Lawson,

More information

PUBLISHED VERSION. This document has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association, received 18th January, 2007.

PUBLISHED VERSION. This document has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association, received 18th January, 2007. PUBLISHED VERSION Saunders, J. G. C.; McIntyre, John Malcolm The ability of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel to inhibit simulated endogenous erosion in tooth roots Australian Dental Journal, 2005;

More information