Oral cavity : consist of two parts: the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper. Oral vestibule : is slit like space between.

Transcription

1 Oral cavity Oral cavity : consist of two parts: the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper Oral vestibule : is slit like space between the teeth, buccal gingiva, lips, and cheeks 1

2 Oral cavity Oral cavity proper: is space between the upper and lower dental arches; lateral and anterior by the maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches; roof by palate; posterior by oropharynx 2

3 Palate Palate: hard palate (palatine process of the maxillary bone and horizontal part of palatine bone) and soft palate (palatoglossus palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, 3 uvular m.)

4 apex Tongue root the mobility of the tongue is enhanced by its suspension from (i) the mandible, (ii) the styloid process of the temporal bone, (iii) and the hyoid bone Apex like the margins of the tongue, it is free Root the fixed part of the tongue, connected by muscles to the mandible (in front), and to the hyoid bone (behind) 4

5 Tongue Dorsum : ant. 2/3 part, papillae, central groove Foramen cecum (at the apex Dorsum : ant. 2/3 part, papillae, central groove Foramen cecum (at the apex of the terminal sulcus) post. 1/3 part (pharyngeal part), lingual tonsil, valleculae epiglotticae 5

6 Muscles of the tongue G i l f t l i t h l l th f th Genioglossus from mental spine to whole length of the under surface of the tongue and body of hyoid bone 6

7 Muscles of the tongue Hyoglossus from upper border and body of the greater horn of hyoid bone to the side and inferior aspect of the tongue Styloglossus from styloid process and stylohyoid ligament to the side and inferior aspect of the tongue the former three were innervated by hypoglossal nerve 7

8 Muscles of the tongue Palatoglossus Palatoglossus from palatine aponeurosis of soft palate to the side of the tongue Innervation vagus n. 8

9 Floor of the oral cavity 9

10 Floor of the oral cavity Genioglossal Geniohyoid Mylohyoid 10

11 Floor of the oral cavity Mylohyoid Hyoglossal m. Genioglossal 11

12 Nerve supply of the tongue (GSA) (SVA) 12

13 Blood supply of the tongue Lingual a. Suprahyoid a. Lingual artery : from ext. carotid a. opposite the tip of the great horn of the Lingual artery : from ext. carotid a. opposite the tip of the great horn of the hyoid bone, on the middle constrictor m., at which point it is crossed by the hypoglossal n. 13

14 Vessels and nerves of the tongue 14

15 Lingual nerve in the floor of the oral cavity 15

16 Nerves of the tongue Hypoglossal n. hooking around the sternocleidomatoid br. of the occipital a. to reach the superficial surface of the hyoglossus m. Glossopharyngeal n. wind around the stylopharyngeus m., pass between the sup. and mid. constrictor m. to reach its destination 16

17 Nerves of the tongue Lingual n. course between the medial pterygoid m. and the body of mandible, joined by chorda tympani n., carry fiber to submandibular ganglion, crossed by submandibluar duct 17

18 Nerves of the tongue Lingual n. Submandibular duct Hypoglossal n. Hypoglossal n. hooking around the sternocleidomatoid br. of the occipital a., courses between stylohoid m. & hyoglossus m., mylohyoid m. & hyoglossus m Lingual n. course between the medial pterygoid m. and the body of mandible, joined by chorda tympani n., carry fiber to submandibular ganglion, 18 crossed by submandibluar duct

19 Floor of mouth 19

20 Floor of mouth Sublingal fold Sublingual l caruncle Sublingual gland Submandibular gland sublingual caruncle a papilla on each side of the frenulum linguae marking the opening of the submandibular (Wharton's) duct. Sublingual fold a longitudinal elevation of mucous membrane, within which the sublingual gland is lodged, at either side of the root of the tongue.. 20

21 Nerves of the tongue 21

22 Innervation of the salivary glands 22

23 Tongue: Extrinsic i muscles: genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus l (hypoglossal n.); palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus) Intrinsic muscles: all innervated by hypoglossal n. Nerve innervation General sensation Ant. 2/3: lingual n. Post. 1/3: glossopharyngeal n. Epiglottic region: internal laryngeal n. Taste: Ant. 2/3: chorda tympani Post. 1/3: glossopharyngeal n. Epiglottic region: internal laryngeal n. Blood supply: lingual a. crossed by the hypoglossal n., superficial to the hyoglossus 23

24 The Oral Cavity Dr. Lue, Grossanatomy Oral cavity: consist of two parts, the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper Oral vestibule is slitlike space between the teeth, buccal gingiva, lips, and cheeks Parotid duct upper second molar teeth Oral cavity proper: is space between the upper and lower dental arches; lateral and anteriorly by the maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches; roof by palate; posteriorly by oropharynx Palate: hard palate (palatine process of the maxillary bone and horizontal part of palatine bone) and soft palate (palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, uvular m.) Tongue the mobility of the tongue is enhanced by its suspension from (i) the mandible, (ii) the styloid process of the temporal bone, (iii) and the hyoid bone Parts Apex: like the margins of the tongue, it is free Dorsum: ant. 2/3 part, papillae, central groove Foramen cecum (at the apex of the terminal sulcus) post. 1/3 part (pharyngeal part), lingual tonsil, valleculae epiglotticae (connected with the anterior surface of the epiglottis by the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds) Inferior surface: the frenulum of the tongue, sublingual caruncle (opening of submandibular duct), sublingual fold (many opening of sublingual duct) Root: the fixed part of the tongue, connected by muscles to the mandible (in front), and to the hyoid bone (behind) Muscles divided into two groups Extrinsic muscles: the former three were innervated by hypoglossal nerve. genioglossus: from mental spine to whole length of the under surface of the tongue and body of hyoid bone action protrudes the tongue; it keeps the tongue muscle mass from falling backward hyoglossus: from upper border and body of the greater horn of hyoid bone to the side and inferior aspect of the tongue action depresses and retracts the tongue styloglossus: from styloid process and stylomandibular ligament to the side 1

25 and inferior aspect of the tongue action retracts and elevates the whole tongue palatoglossus: from palatine aponeurosis of soft palate to the side of the tongue action elevates the root of the tongue Innervation vagus n. Intrinsic muscles: all innervated by hypoglossal nerve arranged in several planes within the tongue superior longitudinal m., inferior longitudinal m., transverse m., vertical, m. action alter the shape of the tongue Nerve supply General sensation: a) ant. 2/3 is accomplished by the lingual branch of the trigeminal n. b) post. 1/3 by glossopharyngeal n. c) epiglottic region of tongue by internal laryngeal branch of vagus n. (cell bodies in nodose (inf.) ganglion) Taste: a) ant. 2/3 by the chorda tympani branch of the facial n. b) post. 1/3 by glossopharyngeal n. c) epiglottic region of tongue by internal laryngeal branch of vagus n. (cell bodies in nodose(inf.) ganglion) Motor: by hypoglossal n. (XII) Blood supply Arterial supply Lingual artery : from ext. carotid a. opposite the tip of the great horn of the hyoid bone, on the middle constrictor m., at which point it is crossed by the hypoglossal n. suprahyoid branch: along the superior border of hyoid bone superficial to the hyoglossus dorsal lingual br.: deep to the hyoglossus between it and genioglossus, supply the back of the tongue, tonsil, soft palate and epiglottis. sublingual a.: course between the mylohyoid and genioglossal, supply the sublingual gland, the floor of the mouth. deep lingual a.: the terminal part of the lingual a. 2

26 Floor of mouth Lingual frenulum a median fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the middle of the under surface of the tongue. sublingual caruncle a papilla on each side of the frenulum linguae marking the opening of the submandibular (Wharton's) duct. Sublingual fold a longitudinal elevation of mucous membrane, within which the sublingual gland is lodged, at either side of the root of the tongue. 3