Oral Health Education Curriculum

Transcription

1 The Oral Health Forum Oral Health Education Curriculum Pre-Kindergarten through High School October 2012 TO USE THIS LICENSED PRODUCT, PLEASE CONTACT Developed in Partnership with Chicago Public Schools and Chicago Department of Public Health Funded by the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Foundation With additional support provided by the Otho S. A. Sprague Memorial Institute An ADA-based curriculum including education on the importance of oral health, proper oral hygiene techniques, healthy food and beverage choices, and oral cancer prevention.

2 The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 1

3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements... 3 Pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten Lesson Plan (Theme, Objectives, Materials)... 4 Lesson Plan Diagram... 5 Outline... 6 Sample Script... 9 Grades 1 & 2 Lesson Plan (Theme, Objectives, Materials) Lesson Plan Diagram Outline Sample Script Grades 3, 4, & 5 Lesson Plan (Theme, Objectives, Materials) Lesson Plan Diagram Outline Sample Script Grades 6, 7, & 8 Lesson Plan (Theme, Objectives, Materials) Lesson Plan Diagram Outline Sample Script High School Lesson Plan (Theme, Objectives, Materials) Lesson Plan Diagram Outline Sample Script Teacher Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Sheet Endnotes The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 2

4 Acknowledgements The Oral Health Forum (OHF) thanks Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Foundation for funding the OHF Oral Health Education Program and Otho S. A. Sprague Memorial Institute for providing additional support. OHF thanks Dr. Alejandra Valencia, Dr. Mona Van Kanegan, and Dr. Darryn Weinstein for reviewing the curriculum. OHF also thanks Chicago Public Schools for reviewing the curriculum and facilitating classroom visits as well as Chicago Department of Public Health for supporting and collaborating with OHF in this program. OHF Oral Health Education Program developers express their gratitude to the second year Kennedy-King College Dental Hygiene students of the school year, who are graciously and enthusiastically putting this curriculum into practice, as well as all other volunteers and students who assist with this program, now and in years to come. The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 3

5 Pre-Kindergarten & Kindergarten Lesson Plan Theme: Healthy Teeth Title: Keeping Our Teeth Healthy and Clean Estimated Length: 20 minutes General Objectives (teaching): Explain what a cavity is (a hole in the tooth), what causes a cavity (germs with sugar make acid). 1 Explain why we want to avoid getting cavities with an emphasis on why we need our teeth/what we use them for. Communicate the importance of brushing twice a day (in the morning and at bedtime), flossing once a day, 2 and getting their teeth cleaned and checked twice a year or as frequently as the dentist recommends they go. 3 Demonstrate correct brushing and flossing techniques. Discuss healthy eating. Behavioral Objectives (learning): Be able to talk about what a cavity is (a hole in the tooth; there can also be places where a cavity is just starting to form 4 ) and what causes cavities (germs eat sugar and make an acid that attacks the tooth). Be able to talk about why we should avoid getting cavities. Go home and talk with an adult about what she/he (the student) learned about brushing and flossing. Ask an adult to take her/him to the dentist. Ask an adult to help with brushing and flossing. 5 Ask an adult to buy healthy foods. Eat fewer sugary foods and drink fewer sugar-sweetened beverages, and also do so less often. 6 Drink tap water instead of bottled water. 7 Stop using a bottle/sippy cup if still doing this. 8 Materials: Large model of set of teeth and oversized toothbrush. Floss. The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 4

6 Lesson Plan Diagram: Healthy Teeth Why It's Important to have healthy teeth How to have healthy teeth We Could Get Cavities We Need Our Teeth Brushing/Flossing Dental Visits Eat Healthy What are cavities? (a hole in tooth; there can also be places where cavities are just starting to form 9 ) To be able to Smile/Eat/Talk. How brushing and flossing work (Bothremove plaque 13; brushing- applies fluoride.) How many times to go each year (2x or however often dentist says to go) 15 Healthy foods - Fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats prepared in healthy ways, eggs, beans, nuts. 16 What could happen if we get cavities? (Pain, tooth falls out) If in pain, go as soon as possible to a dentist To hold space for permanent teeth 11 and so permanent teeth will be healthy. (If our baby teeth have cavities, there is more of a chance our permanent teeth will get cavities.) 12 How many times 2x brush (Morning and before bed)/1x per day - floss 14 Why? For cleaning and X- rays (Can see early stages of cavities) Unhealthy foods - Sweets, sugary drinks, tips--limiting amount/frequency 17 and what to do if unable to brush (rinse with water 18 ), chew sugar-free gum. 19 Don t use bottle/sippy cup. 20 How cavities form: (Germs eat sugar, make acid) 10 [Brushing/flossing demonstration] A dentist comes to your school! Dairy - (Cheese, milk help prevent cavities) 21 Drink tap water, not bottled water. (For fluoride.) 22 The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 5

7 Endnotes 1 Loesche, W. J. Role of streptococcus mutans in human dental decay, p Microbiological Reviews (1986): Accessed 18 Aug < 2 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > Babies and Kids > Healthy Habits. (2012.) Accessed 18 Aug < 3 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee. Guidelines on Periodicity of Examination, Preventive Dental Services, Anticipatory Guidance/Counseling, and Oral Treatment for Infants, Children, and Adolescents. (2009.) Accessed 5 Sept < 4 Loesche, p The Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives (of which the American Dental Association is a member) recommends that adults brush children s teeth or monitor children s brushing until their children are 8. Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives. 2min2x > Kids Healthy Mouths. Accessed 28 Aug < 6 Moynihan, Paula and Poul Erik Petersen. Diet, nutrition and prevention of dental diseases, pp. 212, 217, Public Health Nutrition. 7.1 (2004): Accessed 18 Aug doi: /PHN Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Oral Health Home > Community Water Fluoridation Home > Fact Sheets > Bottled Water and Fluoride. (2011.) Accessed 19 Aug < 8 Studies have shown that Sippy cups and bottles are unsafe, and use of them should be discontinued around age 1. See American Academy of Pediatrics. AAP.org > About the AAP > AAP Press Room > Bottles, Binkies and Sippy Cups Not as Safe as You Think. (2012.) Accessed 19 Sept <Think.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken= &nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token>. In addition, drinking from Sippy cups or bottles containing juice or other beverages with sugar is known to cause cavities. 9 Loesche, 10 Loesche, p The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 6

8 11 The following article reports findings of a study on the premature loss of deciduous (baby) teeth, which is shown to result in loss of space for the permanent teeth in the upper and lower arches. Northway, William M., Robert L. Wainwright, and A. Demirjian. Effects of Premature Loss of Deciduous Molars. The Angle Orthodontist (1984): Accessed 11 Aug < 12 Skeie, M. S., M. Raadal, G. V. Strand, and I. Espelid. The relationship between caries in the primary dentition at 5 years of age and permanent dentition At 10 years of age a longitudinal study, pp International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry (2006): Accessed 19 Aug doi: /j X x. 13 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Plaque. (2012.) Accessed 13 Sept < 14 Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives, 15 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 16 United States Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov. (Date material updated unknown.) Accessed 19 Aug < 17 Moynihan and Petersen, p Mayo Clinic. Cavities/Tooth Decay > Basics > Prevention. (2011.) Accessed 19 Aug In one study, chewing sugar-free gum was shown to reduce the amount of interdental debris but not the amount of plaque. See Kakodkar, Pranya and Soniya Mulay. Effect of Sugar-free Gum in Addition to Tooth Brushing on Dental Plaque and Interdental Debris. Dental Research Journal. 7.2 (2010): Accessed 17 January < However, in a recent literature review of 594 unique titles and abstracts, it was determined that chewing sugar-free gum reduces plaque by a small but significant amount as long as it is an adjunct to tooth brushing. See Keukenmeester, R. S., D. E. Slott, M. S. Putt, and G. A. Van der Weijden. The effect of sugar-free chewing gum on plaque and clinical parameters of gingival inflammation. International Journal of Dental Hygiene (2013): Accessed 17 January doi: /j x. In the prior study, there may have been other factors, such as the amount of gum chewed, that affected the results of the study, leading to the conclusion that chewing sugar-free gum does not significantly reduce plaque. The overwhelming evidence points to the conclusion that chewing sugar-free gum is effective not only in removing interdental debris but also in reducing plaque, as long as it is not used as a substitute for tooth brushing. The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 7

9 20 Cf. Endnote 8 on bottles and Sippy cups. 21 Milk products stop cavities (are cariostatic) by remineralizing the enamel (due to the calcium, phosphate, and also the combination of calcium with fluoride in the presence of fluoride), by neutralizing the acid produced from sucrose, and by affecting the biofilm; milk prevents the binding of harmful bacteria. Johanson, I. Milk and Oral Health. Nestlé Nutrition Institute. Nestle Nutrition Institute > On-line Conferences > Milk and Oral Health. (2010.) Accessed 19 Aug < 22 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 Loesche, 24 Skeie, et. al., 25 Northway et. al., 26 Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives, 27 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 28 Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives, 29 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Brushing Your Teeth. (2012.) Accessed 19 Aug < 30 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Flossing. (2012.) Accessed 19 Aug < 31 Mayo Clinic, 32 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester et. al., 33 Cf. Endnote 8 on bottles and Sippy cups. 34 United States Department of Agriculture, 35 Johanson, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 8

10 36 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 37 Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives, 38 Foods with starch, such as white bread, lower the ph in plaque. Moynihan and Petersen, p Also, whole-grain intake by men is associated with better control of hyperglycemia and thus diabetes, and this reduces this risk of periodontitis. See Merchant, Anwar T., Waranuch Pitiphat, Mary Franz, and Kamudi J. Joshipura. Whole-grain and fiber intakes and periodontitis risk in men, pp American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2006): Accessed 18 Sept < 39 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester et. al., 40 Studies have shown that the body does not cope as well with sugars consumed between meals, making them more cariogenic than sugars consumed at meal times. See Loesche, pp Hayes, Mary and Francine Van Meter. How does the fluoride in toothpaste prevent cavities? Is there any kind of natural fluoride protection, or is it only in artificial compounds? Scientific American. 21 October Accessed 29 Aug American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 43 Loesche, p American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 45 Moynihan and Petersen, p See Endnote 8 on bottles and Sippy cups. 47 Loesche, p Loesche, p Northway, et. al., 50 Skeie, et. al., 51 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Plaque, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 9

11 52 American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org > The Public & Media > Gum Disease > Gum Disease Symptoms. (2012.) Accessed 29 Aug < 53 Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives, 54 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 55 United States Department of Agriculture, 56 Moynihan and Petersen, 57 Mayo Clinic, 58 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester et. al., 59 Cf. Endnote 8 on bottles and Sippy cups. 60 Johanson, 61 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 62 Loesche, p Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives, 64 American Academy of Periodontology, 65 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Brushing Your Teeth, 66 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Flossing, 67 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 68 Moynihan and Petersen, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 10

12 69 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al., 70 Cf. Endnote 8 on bottles and Sippy cups. 71 United States Department of Agriculture, 72 Johanson, 73 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 74 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 75 Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives, 76 Cf. Endnote Loesche, pp Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al. 79 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 80 Loesche, p American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 82 Moynihan and Petersen, p Loesche, p Loesche, p American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Plaque, 86 American Academy of Periodontology, 87 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 11

13 88 United States Department of Agriculture, 89 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al., 90 Loesche, pp Johanson, 92 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 93 American Academy of Periodontology, 94 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 95 Moynihan and Petersen, 96 Mayo Clinic, 97 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al., 98 United States Department of Agriculture, 99 Johanson, 100 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Cf. Endnote Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al., 103 Hayes and Van Meter, 104 Moynihan and Petersen, 105 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 12

14 106 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Mouthguards, 107 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Oral Piercings, 108 National Cancer Institute. NCI Home > Cancer Topics > NCI Fact Sheets > Fact Sheets: Tobacco and Smoking Cessation > Harms of Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting. (2011.) Accessed 14 Sept < 109 The Oral Cancer Foundation. Facts > more about tobacco and alcohol. (2011.) Accessed 31 Aug < 110 Loesche, p American Academy of Periodontology, 112 American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org > The Public and Media > What You Need to Know About Gum Disease > Health Risks. (2012.) Accessed 14 Sept < 113 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Plaque, 114 Moynihan and Petersen, 115 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, 116 Loesche, pp Academy of General Dentistry. Home > About the AGD > Newsroom > News Releases > Archives > May 2012 > Sports and Energy Drinks Responsible for Irreversible Damage to Teeth. (2012.) Accessed 14 Sept < 118 Johanson, 119 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 120 National Cancer Institute, 121 The Oral Cancer Foundation, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 13

15 122 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Mouthguards, American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Oral Piercings, Loesche, p American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org > The Public & Media > Gum Disease > Gum Disease Symptoms, 128 American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org > The Public and Media > What You Need to Know About Gum Disease > Health Risks, 129 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 130 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Plaque, 131 Hayes and Van Meter, 132 American Dental Association, 133 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Brushing Your Teeth, 134 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Flossing, 135 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 136 Cf. Endnote United States Department of Agriculture, 138 Johanson, 139 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 14

16 140 Academy of General Dentistry, 141 Moynihan and Petersen, 142 Loesche, pp Mayo Clinic, 144 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al., 145 Academy of General Dentistry, 146 Johanson, 147 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 148 Hayes and Van Meter, 149 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Mouthguards, American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Oral Piercings, National Cancer Institute, 154 The Oral Cancer Foundation, 155 Hayes and Van Meter, 156 Cf. Endnote Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al., The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 15

17 158 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 159 Moynihan and Petersen, 160 The Oral Cancer Foundation, 161 The Oral Cancer Foundation. Home > Facts > The human papillomavirus. (2012.) Accessed 19 Sept < 162 National Cancer Institute, at the National Institutes of Health. NCI Health Information Tip Sheet for Writers: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine. (2012.) Accessed 19 Sept < American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > Preteens and Teens. (2012.) Accessed 5 Oct < 165 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 166 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Mouthguards, 167 Loesche, pp Loesche, p American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org > The Public & Media > Gum Disease > Gum Disease Symptoms, American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org > The Public and Media > What You Need to Know About Gum Disease > Health Risks, 172 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Plaque, 173 Moynihan and Petersen, 174 Mayo Clinic, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 16

18 175 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al., 176 Academy of General Dentistry, 177 Johanson, 178 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 179 National Cancer Institute. NCI Home > Cancer Topics > NCI Fact Sheets > Fact Sheets: Tobacco and Smoking Cessation > Harms of Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting, 180 The Oral Cancer Foundation. Facts > more about tobacco and alcohol, 181 The Oral Cancer Foundation. Home > Facts > The human papillomavirus, 182 National Cancer Institute, at the National Institutes of Health. NCI Health Information Tip Sheet for Writers: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine, American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Mouthguards, American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Oral Piercings, Loesche, p American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org > The Public & Media > Gum Disease > Gum Disease Symptoms, 190 American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org > The Public and Media > What You Need to Know About Gum Disease > Health Risks, 191 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > Preteens and Teens, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 17

19 192 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 193 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Plaque, 194 Hayes and Van Meter, 195 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Brushing Your Teeth, 196 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Flossing, 197 American Association of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, 198 United States Department of Agriculture, 199 Academy of General Dentistry, 200 Moynihan and Petersen, p Mayo Clinic, 202 Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, et. al., 203 Loesche, pp Academy of General Dentistry, 205 Johanson, 206 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Hayes and Van Meter, 208 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Mouthguards, 209 The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 18

20 210 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Oral Piercings, National Cancer Institute, NCI Home > Cancer Topics > NCI Fact Sheets > Fact Sheets: Tobacco and Smoking Cessation > Harms of Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting, 213 The Oral Cancer Foundation. Facts > more about tobacco and alcohol, 214 The Oral Cancer Foundation. Home > Facts > The human papillomavirus, 215 National Cancer Institute. Home > Cancer Topics > Fact Sheets > Prevention > Human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines, Loesche, p Cf. endnote Kakodkar and Mulay, Also Keukenmeester, 222 Teens Health from Nemours. For Teens > Q&A > Birth Control, Pregnancy & STDs > What s a Dental Dam? (2012.) Accessed 5 September < 223 National Cancer Institute, 224 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases > Diseases & Related Conditions > Human papillomavirus (HPV). (2012.) Accessed 8 Oct < 225 National Cancer Institute, The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 19

21 American Association of Orthodontists. My Life. My Smile. My Orthodontist. > Why An Orthodontist? > Brochures. Your Child s First Orthodontic Check-Up. (2011.) Accessed 10 Sept < 228 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Toothbrushes. (2012.) Accessed 20 Sept < 229 American Dental Association. Home > About ADA > ADA Seal of Acceptance Program & Products. Product Category Information. Floss & Other Interdental Cleaners. (2012.) Accessed 10 Sept < 230 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z > Whitening. (2012.) Accessed 10 Sept < 231 American Dental Association. Mouth Healthy > A-Z Topics > Bad Breath. (2012.) Accessed 10 Sept < The Oral Health Forum-Heartland Health Outreach, 2012 Page 20