Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation of the Bonding Mechanism of a Self-etching Primer on Enamel
|
|
- Stuart Roberts
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Original Article Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation of the Bonding Mechanism of a Self-etching Primer on Enamel Julio P. Cal-Neto a ; José Augusto M. Miguel b Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a self-etching primer (Transbond Plus SEP, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), developed for orthodontic use, in the regularity and depth of adhesive infiltration in the enamel of human permanent teeth and to compare it with phosphoric acid using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty premolars were divided in two groups of 15 each: group 1(control) phosphoric acid Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek) and group 2 Transbond Plus SEP. Transbond XT Adhesive Paste (3M Unitek) was used in both groups for bracket bonding. All products were used according to the manufacturer s instructions. Dental fragments were decalcified, and for micromorphologic observation of the adhesive penetration in enamel, the resin replicas, remnant at the base of the brackets, were covered with a thin gold layer and examined by SEM. Three calibrated examiners evaluated the photomicrographs and gave scores from 0 without penetration to 2 deep penetration. The Mann Whitney U-test (P.0001) showed a statistical difference between the two groups. The results demonstrated that the SEP was more conservative and produced a smaller amount of demineralization and less penetration of adhesive in the enamel surfaces when compared with the conventional phosphoric acid system. (Angle Orthod 2006;76: ) Key Words: Phosphoric acid etching; Scanning electron microscopy; Self-etching primer INTRODUCTION The enamel-etching technique presented by Buonocore 1 is commonly used with composite resin when attaching brackets to the enamel surface. Phosphoric acid etching causes dissolution of interprismatic material in the enamel, producing a roughened and porous layer that ranges in depth from five to 50 m. 2 In the past years, there has been a major research drive to increase bond strength between dental materials and dental hard tissues, although most of the adhesive systems in use have provided clinically acceptable bond strengths. Despite the fact that the acid-etching technique is a useful procedure in the orthodontic field, there is a need to simplify the technique to reduce the a Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. b Professor, Department of Orthodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Corresponding author: Julio Pedra e Cal-Neto, DDS, Department of Orthodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de setembro, 157/2 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ , Brazil ( juliocalneto@yahoo.com.br) Accepted: March Submitted: December by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc. number of steps and to improve the bonding procedure in order to maintain clinically useful bond strengths while minimizing the amount of enamel loss. 3,4 New bonding systems used in operative dentistry were developed to combine conditioning and priming agents into a single acidic primer for simultaneous use on enamel and dentin, eliminating steps of separate etching, rinsing, and drying. 5 The use of a self-etching primer (SEP) would have the advantage of a faster and simplified application technique, allowing adequate etching and priming of enamel and dentin in only one step. 3,6 In addition to saving time, fewer steps in the bonding process might translate into fewer procedural errors, minimizing technique sensitivity. Recently, a new SEP, Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was developed especially for orthodontic bonding. It includes methacrylated phosphoric acid esters, which will both etch and prime the enamel surface before bonding. The manufacturers also claim that good results can be achieved, with a more conservative etch pattern thereby reducing the enamel dissolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate under laboratory conditions the bonding mechanism of an SEP in enamel of human permanent teeth by scanning 132
2 SEM EVALUATION OF A SELF-ETCHING PRIMER electron microscopy (SEM). The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the regularity and depth of adhesive penetration between groups, whether a conventional multistep or an SEP system was used. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 human premolars, free from caries and fillings were used. These teeth had been extracted for orthodontic reasons with the informed consent of the patients. The teeth were washed in water and stored in a 0.1% thymol solution for no longer than six weeks before use. The buccal surfaces were cleaned and polished with a rubber cup and slurry with pumice and water, followed by rinsing with a water spray and drying with compressed air. Orthodontic metal brackets (Dyna Lock Series, 3M Unitek) were used in this study. The teeth were divided into two groups, and brackets were bonded on the buccal surfaces according to the manufacturer s instructions following one of two protocols. Group I (control group) phosphoric acid/transbond XT primer. The area where the bracket was to be located was etched with a 37% phosphoric acid gel (3M Dental Products, St Paul, Minn) for 15 seconds and then washed with water. After washing, the enamel surface was completely dried with compressed oil-free air. A layer of Transbond XT primer was applied on the tooth. Transbond XT paste was applied to the base of the bracket and pressed firmly onto the tooth. Excess adhesive was removed from around the base of the bracket, and the adhesive was light cured, positioning the light guide of an Ortholux XT Visible light curing unit (3M Unitek) on each interproximal side for 10 seconds. Group II Transbond Plus SEP. SEP was gently rubbed onto the surface for approximately three seconds with the disposable applicator supplied with the system. Then, a moisture-free air source was used to deliver a gentle burst of air to the enamel. The bracket was bonded within 15 seconds of priming with Transbond XT adhesive paste as in group I. 133 TABLE 1. Frequency Distribution of Scores and Mean Ranks of Adhesive Penetration in Enamel a n Scores Mean Ranks* Phosphoric acid Transbond XT primer Examiner Examiner Examiner Transbond Plus SEP Examiner Examiner Examiner a SEP indicates self-etching primer. * The Mann-Whitney U-test detected significant difference between groups (P.001). Afterward, the crowns were sectioned from the roots with a diamond disc (Superflex 273D, Horico, Berlin, Germany) at the cementolabial enamel junction, and each crown was cut longitudinally in a mesiodistal direction. All samples were stored for one week in distilled water at room temperature. To observe the adhesive penetration into the enamel, specimens were mounted with brackets in epoxy resin and submitted to demineralization cycles, which promoted complete dissolution of the dental structures. On average, five consecutive cycles were carried out, which were composed of 10% chloridric acid solution for five hours and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for one hour, and all baths and cycles were intercalated with a five minute distilled water rinse. After complete dissolution of the dental tissues, the specimens were placed on aluminum stubs, resin replicas remnant at brackets base were sputter-coated with gold (Edwards Coater S150B, Edwards, London, UK) and evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (JSM-5310, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). To standardize the microscopic observations, the microphotographs of the composite resin replicas were made at 1000 and 3500 for each enamel surface in the center of the samples. The lowest magnifications showed the uniformity of the etch pattern of the enamel, whereas the highest magnifications demonstrated morphological characteristics of resin tags penetrating both substrates. The samples were evaluated double-blind by three different calibrated examiners that gave comparative scores according to the following adhesive penetration on enamel: 0, without penetration; 1, shallow penetration; and 2, deep penetration. Characteristic microphotographs of each score were used previously to perform intra- and interexaminer calibration. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used to determine whether significant differences were present in the adhesive penetration between the two groups. The significance level was predetermined at a probability value of 5% or less. RESULTS The null hypothesis was rejected. The Mann-Whitney U-test indicated that the adhesive penetration when the SEP was used was significantly lower (P.001; mean rank 26.91) than when phosphoric acid and the primer were used separately with conventional adhesive system (mean rank 64.09) (Table 1).
3 134 CAL-NETO, MIGUEL FIGURE 1. (A) Enamel-etch pattern obtained after phosphoric acid treatment (group 1). Uniform formation and deep penetration of resin tags are clearly noted (scanning electron microscopy [SEM] 1000 ). (B) Higher magnification of resin-tag formation (SEM 3500 ). The intact enamel surfaces etched with different acids had different surface morphologies. A characteristic and uniform etch pattern was observed in the resin samples of the phosphoric acid/transbond XT primer group, revealing increased roughness and resin tags penetrating the demineralized enamel surface (Figure 1). The use of Transbond Plus SEP produced a uniform etch pattern that was more conservative and less destructive to the enamel surface. Consequently, a regular resin tags distribution was observed, which showed less magnitude when compared with the control group (Figure 2). DISCUSSION Etching tooth enamel with phosphoric acid creates surface irregularities and microporosities that can be filled through adhesive penetration. The presence of a FIGURE 2. (A) Resin sample of enamel conditioned with Transbond Plus self-etching primer. The etch pattern was shallower than that observed in Figure 1A, minimizing the enamel demineralization (scanning electron microscopy [SEM] 1000 ). (B) The resin tags were short and regularly formed (SEM 3500 ). hybrid layer formed by cured resin on phosphoric acid etched enamel has been the major factor responsible for the enamel adhesion of resin-based composite. 7,8 Enamel etching with phosphoric acid created an etch pattern characterized by a deep and uniform demineralization area. These demineralized areas were infiltrated by the resin of the priming solution, producing well-formed resin tags penetrating into demineralized surface, which is in agreement with previous studies. 4,9,10 The use of phosphoric acid on enamel has been associated with an increase in the superficial roughness, rendering the enamel more retentive and producing a higher bond strength. 10 However, this may not be desirable clinically because there are concerns that such bonding levels may be higher than what is required for a successful orthodontic bonding. In addition, Çehreli and Altay 11 observed that regardless of
4 SEM EVALUATION OF A SELF-ETCHING PRIMER treatment time, etching with 37% phosphoric acid results in irreversible damage of the enamel surface. Currently, there is an increasing preference for milder etching procedures SEPs are agents that combine conditioning and priming into a single clinical step. They do not have to be rinsed off with water but just spread gently by applying a stream of air. As the monomers that cause etching are also responsible for bonding, the depth of the demineralized zone corresponds to the depth of penetration of the adhesive to be polymerized. This avoids problems with insufficient penetration depth and improves the quality of hybridization. 8,15 Compared with phosphoric acid, Transbond Plus SEP produced a uniform and more conservative etch pattern, with regular adhesive penetration and a lessaggressive enamel demineralization. The resin tags were shorter than those observed in control group. However, in the context of bond strength, the increase of surface area and the rheological properties of the resin may be more significant than the depth of adhesive penetration. 11,16,17 This can be inferred from previous laboratory investigations that suggested that Transbond Plus SEP can successfully bond orthodontic brackets as well as when phosphoric acid is used with Transbond XT primer. 6,8,18 The method used in this study, ie, using SEM and completely decalcified resin samples, is extremely simple and very useful for the evaluation of resin tags and to assess the etching pattern of enamel surfaces. 19 According to Ferrari et al, 20 low magnifications show the uniformity of the etch pattern of enamel and the density and real depth of the resin tags, whereas high magnifications demonstrate the morphological characteristics of the resin tags penetrating enamel. Perhaps this is the most adequate technique to evaluate the bonding mechanism of SEPs on enamel, although the evaluations have been essentially subjective regarding the depth of etching. SEPs have demonstrated a shallower etch pattern. This might be simply because of a poorer penetration of the SEP into the enamel porosities or the result of interference from mineral precipitates on enamel surface that mask the etch pattern. Because the acidic primer is not rinsed off, phosphorous and calcium ions released from the hydroxyapatite crystal dissolution remain suspended in the primer solution. 8 As in this study, if resin replication rather than direct observations of enamel were evaluated, exact information could be obtained about the etching pattern and the adhesive penetration into enamel surface, regardless of the acid-etching technique. This is true because with the SEPs the ionic precipitate remains embedded in the resin after polymerization. Because of its new properties, SEPs are interesting 135 and promising materials. From a clinical standpoint, the use of SEPs can be desirable because they reduce clinical steps, save chair time, improve the adhesive procedures, and reduce the risk of salivary contamination. Furthermore, the claim that SEP produces a more conservative etch pattern than phosphoric acid, thereby minimizing the enamel loss, was confirmed in this study. However, to recommend the use of this product in a large scale, more studies are required, particularly in vivo studies and clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Transbond Plus SEP produced a more conservative etch pattern and a lower adhesive penetration than when 37% phosphoric acid and a separate primer were used. The results of this study indicate that SEP is potentially adequate for orthodontic bonding needs. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to express their gratitude to 3M Unitek for supplying the brackets and adhesives for this study and to Research Foundation of Rio de Janeiro State (FAPERJ) for the financial support. REFERENCES 1. Buonocore MG. Simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surface. J Dent Res. 1955;34: Milia E, Lallai MR. In vivo effect of a self-etching primer on dentin. Am J Dent. 1999;12: Bishara SE, Von Wald L, Laffoon JF, Warren JJ. Effect of a self-etch primer/adhesive on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119: Yamada R, Hayakawa T, Kasai K. Effect of using self-etching primer for bonding orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod. 2002;72: Chigira H, Koike T, Hasegawa T, Itoh K, Wakumoto S, Hyakawa T. Effect of the self etching dentin primers on bonding efficacy of dentine adhesive. Dent Mater J. 1989; 8: Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, De Angelis M, Scribante A, Klersy C. Effect of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional, hydrophilic, and self-etching primers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123: Craig RG. Restorative Dental Materials. 10th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby Year Book; 1997: Dorminey JC, Dunn WJ, Taloumis LJ. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a modified 1-step etchant-and primer technique. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124: Kanemura N, Sano H, Tagami J. Tensile bond strength to and SEM evaluation of ground and intact enamel surfaces. J Dent. 1999;27: Osorio R, Toledano M, Garcia-Godoy F. Bracket bonding with 15- or 60-second etching and adhesive remaining on enamel after debonding. Angle Orthod. 1999;69: Çehreli ZC, Altay N. Effects of a nonrinse conditioner and
5 136 CAL-NETO, MIGUEL 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the etch pattern of intact human permanent enamel. Angle Orthod. 2000;70: Barkmeier WW, Gwinnet AJ, Shaffer SE. Effects of enamel etching time on bond strength and morphology. J Clin Orthod. 1985;19: Barkmeier WW, Gwinnet AJ, Shaffer SE. Effects of reduced acid concentration and etching time on bond strength and enamel morphology. J Clin Orthod. 1987;21: Sadowsky PL, Retief DH, Cox PR, Hernandez-Ortiz R, Rape WG, Bradley EL. Effects of etchant concentration and duration on the retention of orthodontic brackets: an in vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;98: Gordan VV, Vargas MA, Cobb DS. Evaluation of adhesive systems using acidic primers. Am J Dent. 1997;10: Barkmeier WW, Shaffer SE, Gwinnet AJ. Effects of 15 or 60 second enamel acid conditioning on adhesion and morphology. Oper Dent. 1986;11: Burrow W. The influence of age and depth of dentin on bonding. Dent Mater. 1994;10: Arnold RW, Combe EC, Warford JH Jr. Bonding of stainless steel brackets to enamel with a new self-etching primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122: Cagidiaco MC, Ferrari M, Vichi C. Mapping of tubule and intertubule surface areas available for bonding in Class V and Class II preparations. J Dent. 1997;25: Ferrari M, Manocci F, Kugel G. Standardized microscopic evaluation of the bonding mechanism of NRC/Prime & Bond NT. Am J Dent. 1999;12:77 83.
Even though the acid-etching technique is useful
SHORT COMMUNICATION Bond failure rates with a self-etching primer: A randomized controlled trial Julio Pedra e Cal-Neto, a Cátia Abdo Quintão, b Marco Antônio de Oliveira Almeida, c and José Augusto Mendes
More informationOriginal Research. Shear bond strength of new self etching primer (RSEP) Sorake A et al
Journal of International Oral Health 2015; 7(7):17-21 Received: 17 th January 2015 Accepted: 10 th April 2015 Conflicts of Interest: None Source of Support: Nil Original Research Comparison of Shear Bond
More informationBonding characteristics of a self-etching primer and precoated brackets: an in vitro study
The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access published February 22, 26 European Journal of Orthodontics of 5 doi:.9/ejo/cji7 The Author 26. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the
More informationEffects of a Self-Etching Primer and 37% Phosphoric Acid Etching on Enamel: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1137 Lalita G Nanjannawar, Girish S Nanjannawar ORIGINAL RESEARCH Effects of a Self-Etching Primer and 37% Phosphoric Acid Etching on Enamel: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
More informationEtching with EDTA- An in vitro study
ISSN 0970-4388 Etching with EDTA- An in vitro study BOGRA P a, KASWAN S b ABSTRACT: In the present study, 25% EDTA, in gel form, was used to analyse its micromorphological effects on tooth surfaces with
More informationEffect of Self-etchant ph on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An in vitro Study
10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1126 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Effect of Self-etchant ph on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An in vitro Study Amit Goyal, H Jyothikiran, BM Shivalinga WJD ABSTRACT Aims:
More informationShear Bond Strength of Acidic Primer, Light-Cure Glass Ionomer, Light-Cure and Self Cure Composite Adhesive Systems - An In Vitro Study
Shear Bond Strength of Acidic Primer, Light-Cure Glass Ionomer, Light-Cure and Self Cure Composite Adhesive Systems - An In Vitro Study Krishnakanth Reddy D 1, Kishore M S V 2, Safeena Safeena 3 1 Professor,
More informationMDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary Vol.:9 No.:2 2012
MDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary fillings on shear bond strength of composite restoration Dr. Farid G. Numan B.D.S., M.Sc Abstract The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate
More informationThe procedure for bonding orthodontic brackets
SHORT COMMUNICATION Examination of enamel-adhesive interface with focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy Rogelio José Scougall Vilchis, a Yasuaki Hotta, b and Kohji Yamamoto c Mizuho, Japan
More informationEarly Shear Bond Strength of a One-step Self-adhesive on Orthodontic Brackets
Original Article Early Shear Bond Strength of a One-step Self-adhesive on Orthodontic Brackets Samir E. Bishara a ; Adam W. Ostby b ; Raed Ajlouni c ; John F. Laffoon d ; John J. Warren e ABSTRACT Objective:
More information[Downloaded free from on Wednesday, September 28, 2016, IP: ]
Original Article Effect of fluoridated casein phospopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate complex, chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: A comparative in vitro
More informationComparative SEM Analysis of the Effect of Acidic Monomers and Phosphoric Acids on Dental Enamel
Comparative SEM Analysis of the Effect of Acidic Monomers and Phosphoric Acids on Dental Enamel KRISZTINA MÁRTHA 1, ALEXANDRU OGODESCU 2*, CRISTINA BICA 1, EMILIA OGODESCU 2*, IRINA ZETU 3 1 University
More informationNarendran Sanjana, N. Raghunath; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume 5, Issue 1) Available online at: www.ijariit.com Comparison of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets bonded with conventional etching, self-etch
More informationImmediate versus Delayed Force Application after Orthodontic Bonding; An In Vitro Study
Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Original Article Immediate versus Delayed Force Application after Orthodontic Bonding; An In Vitro Study M. Basafa 1, F. Farzanegan 2 1 Professor,
More informationThe Effects of the Acid Etch and Direct Bonding Technique in Orthodontics on Enamel Surface Topography
J. Dent. Ass. S. Afr. Vol. 31, No 10 pp 509-513 The Effects of the Acid Etch and Direct Bonding Technique in Orthodontics on Enamel Surface Topography P L Sadowsky and D H Retief Department of Orthodontics,
More informationPostgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Original Article Comparison of Enamel Morphologic Characteristics After Conditioning with Various Combinations of Acid Etchant and Er:YAG Laser in Bonding and Rebonding Procedures: A SEM Analysis Mohammad
More informationEffects of sealant and self-etching primer on enamel decalcification. Part II: An in-vivo study
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effects of sealant and self-etching primer on enamel decalcification. Part II: An in-vivo study Matthew A. Ghiz, a Peter Ngan, b Elizabeth Kao, c Chris Martin, d and Erdogan Gunel e Florence,
More informationInfluence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of adhesives on enamel
Influence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of adhesives on enamel Tatiana Feres Assad-Loss 1, Mônica Tostes 2, José Nelson Mucha 3 Objective: To evaluate shear bond strength of 3 adhesive
More informationAdper Easy Bond. Self-Etch Adhesive. Technical Product Profile
Adper Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive Technical Product Profile Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction... 4 Product Description... 4 Composition...5-8 Background... 5 Mechanism of Adhesion to Enamel
More informationCOMPARISON OF SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF NEW AND RECYCLED BRACKETS WITH DIFFERENT MESH DESIGNS
COMPARISON OF SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF NEW AND RECYCLED BRACKETS WITH DIFFERENT MESH DESIGNS Author: Dr.Pragati, M.D.S. 3 rd year student Department of Orthodontics, Co-Authors: Prof. Praveen Mehrotra, M.D.S.
More informationA Comparative Study between Bond Strength of Rebonded and Recycled Orthodontic Brackets
1 A Comparative Study between Bond Strength of Rebonded and Recycled Orthodontic Brackets ABSTRACT F. Heravi DDS MS*, R. Naseh DDS MS** Introduction: A large number of orthodontists prefer to rebond the
More informationThree-dimensional measurement of enamel loss caused by bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets. VAN WAES, H, MATTER, T, KREJCI, Ivo.
Article Three-dimensional measurement of enamel loss caused by bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets VAN WAES, H, MATTER, T, KREJCI, Ivo Abstract A mechanical computerized three-dimensional scanner
More informationAssessment of the Confidence of the Adhesive Remnant Index Score With Different Methods
Original Article Assessment of the Confidence of the Adhesive Remnant Index Score With Different Methods A. Alper Öz; 1 * Sabahat Yazicioğlu; 2 Nursel Arici; 3 Berat Serdar Akdeniz; 4 Naci Murat; 5 and
More informationObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of blood contamination on shear
www.scielo.br/jaos Blood contamination effect on shear bond strength of an orthodontic hydrophilic resin Taís de Morais Alves da CUNHA 1, Bruna Ariela BEHRENS 2, Denise NASCIMENTO 2, Luciana Borges RETAMOSO
More informationOrthodontic In Vivo Bond Strength: Comparison with In Vitro Results
Original Article Orthodontic In Vivo Bond Strength: Comparison with In Vitro Results Kevin L. Pickett, DMD, MS a ; P. Lionel Sadowsky, DMD, BDS, Dip Ortho, M Dent b ; Alex Jacobson, DMD, MDS, MS, PhD c
More informationBonding to molars the effect of etch time (an in vitro study)
European Journal of Orthodontics 20 (1998) 195 199 1998 European Orthodontic Society Bonding to molars the effect of etch time (an in vitro study) Chris D. Johnston*, Donald J. Burden*, David L. Hussey**
More informationAN 8 MONTH CLINICAL TRIAL OF BOND FAILUES WITH FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORTHODONTIC ADHESIVES
AN 8 MONTH CLINICAL TRIAL OF BOND FAILUES WITH FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORTHODONTIC ADHESIVES G. Basaran 1, T. Özer 1, O. Hamamci 2 Dicle University, Orthodontics Department of Faculty Dentistry, Diyarbakır,
More informationAssessing the Performance of a Methyl Methacrylate-Based Resin Cement with Self-Etching Primer for Bonding Orthodontic Brackets
Original Article Assessing the Performance of a Methyl Methacrylate-Based Resin Cement with Self-Etching Primer for Bonding Orthodontic Brackets Mayuko Kawasaki, DDS a ; Tohru Hayakawa, PhD b ; Tsutomu
More informationComparison of Shear Bond Strength of Metal Brackets Bonded to Porcelain Surface using Different Surface Conditioning Methods: An in vitro Study
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1174 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Metal Brackets Bonded to Porcelain Surface using Different Surface Conditioning Methods: An in vitro Study PV Girish,
More informationSCIENTIFIC. Effects of various acids on the buccal surface of human permanent teeth: a study using scanning electron microscopy*
PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY/Copyright 1979 by The American Academy o! Pedodontics/VoL 1, No. 3/Printed in U.S.A. SCIENTIFIC Effects of various acids on the buccal surface of human permanent teeth: a study using
More informationJBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Science
ISSN: 2376-032X JBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Science Yashpal and Monika, 2014, 2:1 DOI: 104172/2376-032X1000111 JBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Science Research
More informationAnisotropy of Tensile Strengths of Bovine Dentin Regarding Dentinal Tubule Orientation and Location
Original paper Dental Materials Journal 21 (1): 32-43, 2002 Anisotropy of Tensile Strengths of Bovine Dentin Regarding Dentinal Tubule Orientation and Location Toshiko INOUE, Hidekazu TAKAHASHI and Fumio
More informationVarious composite resins are used in orthodontic
CLINICIAN S CORNER Four applications of reinforced polyethylene fiber material in orthodontic practice Ali Ihya Karaman, DDS, PhD, a Nihal Kir, DDS, b and Sema Belli, DDS, PhD c Konya, Turkey Four different
More informationAmber O. Perry, DMD Frederick A. Rueggeberg, DDS, MS
Scientific Article The Effect of Acid Primer or Conventional Acid Etching on Microleakage in a Photoactivated Sealant Amber O. Perry, DMD Frederick A. Rueggeberg, DDS, MS Dr. Perry is a senior pediatric
More informationThe words adhesionpromoters werefirstusedto
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effects of 3 adhesion promoters on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: An in-vitro study Ascensión Vicente, a Luis A. Bravo, b Martín Romero, c Antonio J. Ortíz, d and Manuel
More informationBonding Technique Guide. The Leader in. Adhesive Innovation. and Excellence
Bonding Technique Guide Adhesive Innovation The Leader in and Excellence Dear 3M Unitek Adhesive Customer: The 3M Unitek Bonding Technique Guide has been developed as a multi-purpose guide to assist you
More informationTransbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive Lunch and Learn
Unitek Bonding System Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive Lunch and Learn Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive Agenda What is Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive? Why Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive?
More informationMicroleakage under Metallic and Ceramic Brackets Bonded with Orthodontic Self-Etching Primer Systems
Original Article Microleakage under Metallic and Ceramic Brackets Bonded with Orthodontic Self-Etching Primer Systems Tancan Uysal a ; Mustafa Ulker b ; Sabri Ilhan Ramoglu c ; Huseyin Ertas d ABSTRACT
More informationTransbond IDB Pre-Mix Chemical Cure Adhesive Lunch and Learn
Transbond IDB Pre-Mix Chemical Cure Adhesive Lunch and Learn Agenda Transbond IDB Pre-Mix Chemical Cure Adhesive Value Proposition Product Claims Features Advantages Benefits Product Consideration Technical
More informationS. Shear bond strength and debonding characteristics of metal and ceramic
Journal section: Orthodontics Publication Types: Research doi:10.4317/jced.52658 http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.52658 Shear bond strength and debonding characteristics of metal and ceramic brackets bonded
More informationillustrated technique guide
DENTSPLY Caulk 38 West Clarke Avenue Milford, DE 9963 www.dentsply.com www.caulk.com -302-422-45 In Canada call -800-263-437 illustrated technique guide Complete Luting System for: 2006 DENTSPLY International.
More informationORIGINAL RESEARCH. Sandhya CA Shyam Lohakare, Pushpa Vinay Hazarey ABSTRACT
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Comparison of shear bond strength of no mix-composite resin, self cure resin reinforced glass ionomer cement and light cure resin reinforced glass ionomer cement: an in-vitro study Sandhya
More informationA Comparison of Bond Strength Between Directand Indirect-bonding Methods
Marquette University e-publications@marquette School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications Dentistry, School of 3-1-2006 A Comparison of Bond Strength Between Directand Indirect-bonding Methods
More informationvalues is of great interest.
User Report Dr. Ralph Schönemann, May 21, 2008 There are numerous self-etchbonding systems on the market that sometimes differ very much from one another with regards to their chemical composition. It
More informationRESINOMER Dual- Bisco. Instructions for Use. Cured Amalgam Bonding/Luting System
Bisco RESINOMER Dual- Cured Amalgam Bonding/Luting System 0459 Instructions for Use IN-029R9 Rev. 10/17 BISCO, Inc. 1100 W. Irving Park Road Schaumburg, IL 60193 U.S.A. 1-847-534-6000 1-800-247-3368 Caution:
More informationAdhese Universal. The universal adhesive. Direct Indirect Total-Etch Selective-Etch Self-Etch Wet & Dry. All in. one click
Adhese Universal The universal adhesive Direct Indirect Total-Etch Selective-Etch Self-Etch Wet & Dry All in one click 1 Universal Adhesion with advanced delivery Adhese Universal is a singlecomponent,
More informationA new flash-free orthodontic adhesive system: A first clinical and stereomicroscopic study
Original Article A new flash-free orthodontic adhesive system: A first clinical and stereomicroscopic study Moritz Foersch a ; Christian Schuster b ; Roman K. Rahimi c ; Heinrich Wehrbein d ; Collin Jacobs
More informationVarious whitening systems are currently being
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Can previously bleached teeth be bonded safely? Tancan Uysal, DDS, a Faruk Ayhan Basciftci, DDS, MS, b Serdar Üşümez, DDS, PhD, b Zafer Sari, DDS, PhD, b and Ahmet Buyukerkmen, DDS a Konya,
More informationFuji II LC. A Perfect Choice
A Perfect Choice is a remarkable restorative material The world s first resin-reinforced glass ionomer has remained the benchmark for light cured glass ionomer cements, delivering more than 15 years of
More informationScanning electron microscope characterization of abrasion in human teeth
Dental Journal Mahidol Dental Journal Original Article Scanning electron microscope characterization of abrasion in human teeth B.Sc., D.D.S., Specialty Certificate in Oral Pathology, M.S. Department of
More informationGlass Ionomer Cement as an Orthodontic Bonding Agent
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1203 Hashim Ali, Sasi Maroli ORIGINAL RESEARCH Hashim Ali, Sasi Maroli ABSTRACT Aim To find an alternative to popular orthodontic bonding agent composite resin and elimination
More informationShear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Cured with Different Light Sources under Thermocycling
Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Cured with Different Light Sources under Thermocycling Oral Sokucu a Seyda Herguner Siso b Firat Ozturk c Ruhi Nalcaci d ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this
More informationBond strength assessment of metal brackets bonded to porcelain fused to metal surface using different surface conditioning method
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Bond strength assessment of metal brackets bonded to porcelain fused to metal surface using different surface conditioning method Vaishnav PD 1, Philip P 2, Shetty S 3, Mogra S 4, Batra
More informationTesting the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets After Acid and Er: Yag Laser Etching
Research Paper Medical Science Testing the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets After Acid and Er: Yag Laser Etching * Aleksic Ema Lalic Maja Malesevic Adam Borotic Nenad Vukovic Nemanja Department
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - Variolink Esthetic - ExciTE F DSC
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - Variolink Esthetic - ExciTE F DSC Variolink Esthetic The esthetic, light- and dual-curing
More informationAdhesive Thickness Effects on the Bond Strength of a Light- Cured Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement
Original Article Adhesive Thickness Effects on the Bond Strength of a Light- Cured Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Selim Arici, DDS, MMedSci, PhD a ; Cem Mustafa Caniklioglu, DDS, PhD b ; Nursel Arici,
More informationEffects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel
Effects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel André Figueiredo Reis, DDS, MS, PhD; Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar, DDS, MS, PhD; Patricia Nóbrega Rodrigues
More informationThe acid-etch technique has been widely used in
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparison of bond strength between orthodontic brackets bonded with halogen and plasma arc curing lights: An in-vitro and in-vivo study Michael D. Signorelli, a Elizabeth Kao, b Peter
More informationClinical evaluation of the failure rates of metallic brackets
Universidade de São Paulo Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual - BDPI Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FORP/807 Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - FORP/807
More informationThe Effect of Different Bracket Base Cleaning Method on Shear Bond Strength of Rebonded Brackets
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1417 Emad Original F Al Maaitah Research et al The Effect of Different Bracket Base Cleaning Method on Shear Bond Strength of Rebonded Brackets Emad F Al Maaitah, Sawsan Alomari,
More informationThe Use of Glass-fibers Ribbon and Composite for Prosthetic Restoration of Missing Primary Teeth-Laboratory and Clinical Research
Send Orders of Reprints at reprints@benthamscience.net 220 The Open Dentistry Journal, 2014, 8, 220-228 Open Access The Use of Glass-fibers Ribbon and Composite for Prosthetic Restoration of Missing Primary
More informationUNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEM. PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND Light-Cured Adhesive with Chlorhexidine
UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEM PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND Light-Cured Adhesive with Chlorhexidine 1 TOTAL-ETCH PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND SELF-ETCH UNIVERSAL BONDING The Peak Universal Adhesive System features a universal
More informationKetac Universal Aplicap
Ketac Universal Aplicap Technical Data Sheet 2 Introduction Ketac Universal Aplicap is the latest development in a long history of proven glass ionomer technology from 3M. It s designed to save steps for
More informationDH220 Dental Materials
DH220 Dental Materials Lecture #5 Prof. Lamanna RDH, MS Restorative Dentistry: Glass Ionomer Bird & Robinson p.740-741 I. Use Liner Base Luting agent Restorative material: Class III, V, & eroded/abraded
More informationEffects of selenium-containing sealant and adhesive system on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets
Effects of selenium-containing sealant and adhesive system on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets Bennett Tochukwu Amaechi Kaveh Najibfard Irene Pelagie Chedjieu 1 Linda Ogechukwu Okoye 2 Peter
More informationEffect of carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator on etched or sealed enamel
Original Article THE KOREAN JOURNAL of ORTHODONTICS pissn 2234-7518 eissn 2005-372X Effect of carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator on etched or sealed enamel Hyo-kyung Ryu Yong-do Kim Sung-su
More informationEvaluation of bond strength of orthodontic brackets without enamel etching
Journal section: Operative Dentistry and Endodontics Publication Types: Research doi:10.4317/jced.52253 http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.52253 Evaluation of bond strength of orthodontic brackets without
More informationOne cement that can take you just about anywhere! RelyX. Unicem. Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement
One cement that can take you just about anywhere! TM Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement Indications Inlays, Onlays, Crowns, Bridges Metal/PFM, Porcelain/Ceramics, Composites. Pins and Posts Metal, Zirconia
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Non-retentive preparation - Variolink Esthetic - Adhese Universal
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Non-retentive preparation - Variolink Esthetic - Adhese Universal Variolink Esthetic The esthetic, light- and dual-curing adhesive luting system Proxyt
More informationGeneral dentists in private practice place numerous
PROACTIVE INTERVENTION DENTISTRY Incorporating Glass Ionomers into Everyday Dental Practice Todd Snyder, DDS, FAACD, FIADFE Introduction General dentists in private practice place numerous direct tooth
More informationALL-BOND 2. Bisco. Instructions for Use. Universal Dental Adhesive
Bisco 0459 ALL-BOND 2 Universal Dental Adhesive Instructions for Use IN-0005R8 Rev. 2/16 BISCO, Inc. 1100 W. Irving Park Road Schaumburg, IL 60193 U.S.A. 847-534-6000 1-800-247-3368 Caution: U.S. Federal
More informationEvaluation the Effect of Different Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Composite Increments (An in vitro study)
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2017 676 Evaluation the Effect of Different Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Composite Increments
More informationComparative SEM Evaluation of Penetration of Adhesive Systems in Human Dentin with a Non-rinse Conditioner and a Self-etching Primer
Braz Dent J (2004) 15(1): 19-25 SEM evaluation of adhesive systems ISSN 0103-6440 19 Comparative SEM Evaluation of Penetration of Adhesive Systems in Human Dentin with a Non-rinse Conditioner and a Self-etching
More informationIn nitro bond strength of cements to treated teeth
In nitro bond strength of cements to treated teeth Mohamed M. Barakat, BDS, PhD* John M. Powers, PhDt Abstract Adhesive bond strengths of glass ionomer and polycarboxylate cements to human enamel and dentine
More informationPulpal Protection: bases, liners, sealers, caries control Module C: Clinical applications
Readings: Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry, 3 nd Edition; Summitt, et al Chapters 5, 6 and 8 Pulpal Protection: bases, liners, sealers, caries control Module C: Clinical applications REST 528A Operative
More informationG-Premio BOND. One component light cured universal adhesive. BOND with the BEST
One component light cured universal adhesive BOND with the BEST The world s most clinically successful adhesive is now even better! Introducing. G-BOND has proven to be the world s most clinically successful
More informationBond Strength of Disinfected Metal and Ceramic Brackets:
Original Article Bond Strength of Disinfected Metal and Ceramic s: An In Vitro Study Cornelia Speer a ; Dorothee Zimny b ; Werner Hopfenmueller c ; Eva Andrea Holtgrave d Abstract: The aim of this in vitro
More informationEffects of CO 2 laser debonding of a ceramic bracket on the mechanical properties of enamel
Original Article Effects of CO 2 laser debonding of a ceramic bracket on the mechanical properties of enamel Masahiro Iijima a ; Yoshitaka Yasuda b ; Takeshi Muguruma c ; Itaru Mizoguchi d ABSTRACT Objective:
More informationBond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Australian Dental Journal 2006;51:(2):175-179 Bond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique GM Knight,* JM McIntyre,* Mulyani*
More informationResearch Article Evaluation of Self-Etching Adhesive and Er:YAG Laser Conditioning on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
The Scientific World Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 719182, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/719182 Research Article Evaluation of Self-Etching Adhesive and Er:YAG Laser Conditioning on the Shear
More informationG-Premio BOND. Introducing a premium bonding experience
Introducing a premium bonding experience The world s most clinically successful adhesive is now even better! Introducing G-Premio BOND. G-BOND has proven to be the world s most clinically successful adhesive
More informationBreakthrough Performance
Technique Guide How to get Breakthrough Performance using TM Adper TM Prompt Self-Etch Adhesive ILLUSTRATED INSIDE: How to properly activate the L-Pop Applicator Direct light-cure restoration Sealing pits
More informationDiameter and Density of Dentinal Tubule in Human Primary Teeth
Original Article Diameter and Density of Dentinal Tubule in Human Primary Teeth Jittikarn Sikanta 1, Sitthichai Wanachantararak 2 and Varisara Sirimaharaj 1 1 Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry,
More informationEffect of different enamel treatments on bond strength using resin dental adhesives
Effect of different enamel treatments on bond strength using resin dental adhesives A.C. Armas-Vega, DDS, MS 1 /V.E. Arana-Chavez, DDS, MS, PhD 2 / D.A. Botter, MS, PhD 3 /N. Garone Netto, DDS, MS, PhD
More informationIncognito Appliance System Bonding Protocols Step-by-Step Procedures
Incognito Appliance System Bonding Protocols Step-by-Step Procedures 2 Incognito Appliance System Bonding Protocols Summary Bonding Protocols Step-by-Step Procedures Adhesives 3 Bonding Dual Cure, RelyX
More informationUsing Hemostatic Agents During Orthodontic Bonding: An In Vitro Study
Original Article Using Hemostatic Agents During Orthodontic Bonding: An In Vitro Study Berat Serdar Akdeniz, DDS, PhD; 1, *Abdullah Alper Oz, DDS, PhD; 2 Nursel Arici, DDS, PhD; 3 Onur Demir, DDS, PhD;
More informationThe effect of different force magnitudes for placement of orthodontic brackets on shear bond strength, in three adhesive systems
Journal section: Orthodontics Publication Types: Research doi:10.4317/jced.54733 http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.54733 The effect of different force magnitudes for placement of orthodontic brackets on shear
More informationComparison of Microtensile Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin of Human, Bovine, and Porcine Teeth
Comparison of Microtensile Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin of Human, Bovine, and Porcine Teeth André F. Reis a /Marcelo Giannini b /Alessandro Kavaguchi c /Carlos José Soares a / Sérgio R. P. Line d
More informationBonding to dentine: How it works. The future of restorative dentistry
Bonding to dentine: How it works The future of restorative dentistry There are 82 adhesive systems on the market today! Are dentists confused about bonding? Michael Buonocore Buonocore MG. A simple method
More informationForgives Nothing. Forgives Almost Anything. Science Update
Forgives Nothing Forgives Almost Anything Science Update Shear bond strength on wet and dry dentin (Ultradent) Latta M, Omaha Since etching of dentin with phosphoric acid was introduced, one focus of research
More informationAn In-Vivo Comparison Of The Efficacy Between Direct And Indirect Bonding Methods
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Dental Science Volume 13 Number 1 An In-Vivo Comparison Of The Efficacy Between Direct And Indirect Bonding Methods P Premanand, A J Shankar Citation P Premanand, A J
More informationOliNano Seal Professional prophylaxis for long-term protection
Professional prophylaxis for long-term protection NEW The patented formula of silicone polymer NANO Technology General information Dental health is one of the main factors to maintain overall health, and
More informationThe Effect of Phosphoric Acid Etching Application Time on the Enamel Morphology a Comparative SEM Study
The Effect of Phosphoric Acid Etching Application Time on the Enamel Morphology a Comparative SEM Study KRISZTINA MÁRTHA 1, ALEXANDRU OGODESCU 2*, IRINA ZETU 3, EMILIA OGODESCU 2*, MARIANA PACURAR 1 1
More informationCalibra. Cements. The Simple Choice for Easy Cleanup
Calibra Cements The Simple Choice for Easy Cleanup www.calibracement.com The Calibra family of definitive cements was designed to make it easier than ever to achieve consistent, successful results in your
More informationEffect of light-curing units in shear bond strength of metallic brackets: an in vitro study
www.scielo.br/jaos Effect of light-curing units in shear bond strength of metallic brackets: an in vitro study Luciana Borges RETAMOSO 1, Niége Michelle Lazzari ONOFRE 2, Luciane HANN 3, Ernani Menezes
More informationA comparison of three resin bonding agents to primary tooth dentin
A comparison of three resin bonding agents to primary tooth dentin Fernando Borba de Araujo, DDS, PhD Franklin Garcia-Godoy, DDS, MS Myaki Iss~o, DDS, PhD Abstract This study determined the shear bond
More informationComparison of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to Enamel Prepared By Er:YAG Laser and Conventional
Original Article Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to Enamel Prepared By Er:YAG Laser and Conventional Acid-Etching M.H. Hosseini 1, F. Namvar 2, J. Chalipa 1, K. Saber 3,
More informationORIGINAL STUDY BRACKET BONDING TO ENAMEL AND DENTIN - ESEM STUDIES -
MEDICINĂ, no 1, 2013 ORIGINAL STUDY BRACKET BONDING TO ENAMEL AND DENTIN - ESEM STUDIES - Delia Ioana Ciocan 1, Florin Miculescu 2, Lucian Toma Ciocan 3, Dragos Stanciu 1 1 Orthodontics and Dento-Facial
More informationPress Release. Press Contact. The concept for Class II restoration Delicate preparation, rapid procedure and reliable results
Press Release The concept for Class II restoration Delicate preparation, rapid procedure and reliable results by Dr. Arzu Tuna and Dr. Umut Baysal, Attendorn, Germany Composite restorations have always
More informationComparison of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index between precoated and conventionally bonded orthodontic brackets
Guzman et al. Progress in Orthodontics 2013, 14:39 RESEARCH Open Access Comparison of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index between precoated and conventionally bonded orthodontic brackets Ulises
More information