An In-vivo Study Comparing Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine 0.2% to Sodium Hypochlorite 0.5% as Canal Irrigant.
|
|
- Opal Perkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Vahid A, et al Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences An In-vivo Study Comparing Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine 0.2% to Sodium Hypochlorite 0.5% as Canal Irrigant. Vahid A 1, Aligholi M 2, Namazi HR 3 1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Dentist M Statement of Problem: Bacterial agents are the primary cause of pulpoperiapical diseases. Therefore, an irrigating solution with proper antibacterial ability should be used to eliminate the bacterial agents during canal instrumentation. Purpose: The aim of present study was to compare the antibacterial effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite as canal irrigating solutions. Materials and Methods: In this study 20 single canal teeth with necrotic pulps were selected by vitality tests and divided in two groups each one consists of ten. Each canal irrigated with 12 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine in the first group and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite in the second one. Each canal was instrumented by 6 k- type files by step back procedure (two minutes for each file). After canal instrumentation, sterile cotton pellet was placed on the pulp chamber and the canals were filled temporarily by cavit. Samples were selected by two strile paper points both before the canal instrumentation (after accessing the canal) and 48 hours later. Samples were cultured on Mitis salivarius agar and anaerobic blood agar and then, the colony counts were reported in terms of CFU/ml. Results: Elimination percent mean of streptococcus mutans and anaerobics with 0.2% chlorhexidine were 99.9 and respectively and for 0.5% hypochlorite were 99.7, and 92.7 respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between these two irrigating solutions by non parameteric Mann-Whitney test. Key words: Chlorhexidine- Sodium Hypochlorite- Canal Irrigant. Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (2004; Vol: 1, No. 1) echanical debridement and irrigation of the canal play a fundamental role in achieving endodontic success. In spite of all attempts, attaining complete sterility of the canal system is still extremely difficult. Microorganisms can penetrate deep into accessory canals, apical ramifications, isthmi, tubules and smear layers. Hence, finding ways to overcome this issue is essential. The ideal irrigant should be strongly antibacterial but not toxic to the periapical tissue (selective toxicity). (1) It should be tissue solving and lubricate the file during instrumentation. (1) Also, it has been shown that surface tension of an irrigating solution and its wettability on solid dentin are important factors in penetration into dentin and lateral canals. (2) Sodium hypochlorite solution has been widely 2004; Vol. 1, No. 1 43
2 Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Vahid A, et al recommended as an irrigant to aid in chemomechanical debridement of the root canal, because it has many of the above mentioned advantages, except its toxic effect for periapical tissue and wettability. (1) Also, its smell and discoloring action are other disadvantages. Spangberg et al (3) found that all medicaments are toxic compared to their antibacterial effect. They said on the basis of a balance between the cytotoxicity, the antibcaterial effect and the specific needs, a recommendation for an adequate irrigating solution is being made. They believed that sodium hypochlorite at 5% concentrations is more stronger than it is needed to kill bacteria. (3) Huggers et al (4) in their investigation on antimicrobial activity and tissue toxicity of different concentrations (0.25%, 0.025% and %) of sodium hypochlorite, found that even 0.25% concentration could be tissue toxic. Chlorhexidine gluconate has been recognized as an effective antimicrobial agent in periodontics, and its use as a potential endodontic irrigating solution has been demonstrated in the last decade. (5) It seems chlorhexidine has most of the mentioned criteria. It has a long term effect and the reservoir of this agent forms on the teeth and on the oral mucosa after mouth rinse. Antimicrobial activity is released from these locations as the concentration of chlorhexidine decreases in the environment. (6) The absorption of chlorhexidine by hydroxyapatite, teeth and protein demonstrated previously by a chemical method. (6) This characteristic can also be useful inside of the canal. Many in vitro studies have been performed comparing these two irrigating solutions while few clinical trials have been done. In vivo studies are more natural and closer to the actual specifics of the human. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of sodium hypochlorite 0.5% and chlorhexidine 0.2% during root canal therapy of twenty infected canals in patients. Materials and Methods Twenty single rooted teeth with necrotic pulps were chosen. Pulpal necrosis was determined either by radiographic presence of apical rarefaction or by the lack of response to pulp vitality tests. Ages of patients were between 15 to 50 years old. Apices were obviously formed and pulp chambers and canals were free of pulp stones, calcifications, or sharp dilacerations. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Each of the groups received one of the irrigating solutions, sodium hypochlorite (SH) 0.5% or chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) 0.2%. SH had the concentration that could have antimicrobial activity with least hazard to periapical tissue. (1) Irrigating solutions used in this study were chlorhexidine gluconate %0.2 from Shahredaru and sodium hypochlorite 5.25% from Taj Co which diluted to 0.5%. Study had two phases which will be described: Clinical phase: After selecting teeth (taking primary X-ray and making diagnosis by vitality tests) informed consent was taken. The decay was removed by sharp excavator without opening the pulp chamber. Tooth isolated with rubber dam and access cavity prepared. Before entering the canal, pulp chamber was cleaned with sterile distilled water to clean debris resulted from access preparation. Pulp chamber was dried with sterile cotton pellets and two paper points were put into the canal. After one minute, paper points were withdrawn and dropped in screw top test tubes containing transfer media and was sent to microbiologic laboratory. Taking samples and preparing dilutions took less than 10 minutes. This was referred as first sample. Then, after length measurement, canals prepared by step back technique for cleaning and shaping. Between the procedures, canals were rinsed by 2 cc of any of irrigating solutions for each file. Finally, canals were irrigated by sterile distilled water, then, access cavity closed with ZOE. Two days later, after isolation, the area surrounding the tooth and ; Vol. 1, No. 1
3 Vahid A, et al Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences clamp was irrigated with SH, and temporary filling was removed. Two papers were put in the canal and then dropped into transfer media and were sent for culture. Sterility of the process and instruments during study was axiomatic. After irrigation, master point with X-ray was prepared and canals were filled. Temporary filling was placed back. Microbiologic phase: For microbiologic phase, all media autoclaved and distributed into plates. Thioglicholate (Difco) transferring medium was poured into vials and autoclaved. Vials containing paper points agitated on a vortex mixer until a homogeneous suspension of microorganism were obtained. (7,8) For ease of colony counting, 1 ml. of the homogenized solution transferred to five test tubes of ringer solution with 1/10 to 1/ dilutions. (9,10) In first sampling (before instrumentation), 0.1 ml from dilutions 1/10, 1/1000, 1/ was inoculated to plates of blood agar (Merk) for anaerobic organisms and three plates of Mitis salivarius agar (Difco) for sterptococcus mutans and spread with sterile bent glass rod. (9) Plates with gas pack, catalyzer and indicator were put in anaerobic jar (Oxoid) and incubated under 35 degree centigrade for 7 days. In second sampling, culture of undiluted sample added to previous dilutions and culture was performed as before. After 7 days colony-forming units (CFU) were counted. The results were analyzed by nonparametric Mann- Whitney test. Results Tables I-IV indicated the CFU results of the effect of CHG and SH as irrigating solutions on streptococcus mutans and anaerobe bacteria. A generalized decrease of flora of the canal from culture one to culture two was present. (For streptococcus mutans exact P=0.089 and for anaerobe bacteria exact P=0.315). But none of the teeth were totally free of cultivable microorganisms. According to table V, the results showed no significant difference between groups. As shown on tables I-IV, the elimination rates for streptococcus mutans and anaerobe bacteria in the presence of C.H.G. were 99.9% and 99.02%; and in presence of S.H. were 99.7% and 92.7% respectively. Discussion An important adjunct for chemomechanical preparation of the canal system is irrigation which aids in debridement and flushing debries from the canal. (11) At present study antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (SH) 0.5% and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) 0.2% compared as canal irrigants. SH as the most common proteolytic irrigating solution has most of the required characteristics, except for its surface tension, (2) its unpleasant odor and taste, corrosion of endodontic instruments, ineffectiveness on some microorganisms when used at low concentration, and SH accident. It doesn t differentiate between necrotic and vital tissue in contact with apical and periapical tissue, and is unable to be dressed within the canal. Studies indicate that SH dissolves tissue but experiments in clinical usage are less impressive. (11) Histologic and scanning electron microscope studies do not show that tissue dissolution or sterilization properties are consistently effective. (12) It seems that in clinical conditions irrigating solutions have limited surface contact and are neutralized in the canal. (11) In present research, SH 0.5% (Dakin solution) was used because of its lower toxicity for periapical tissue despite being effective in the canal. (4) CHG as a mouthwash is well known for few decades and it is available at 0.12% in the market at USA. The concentration chosen was 0.2% which is used in many studies (7,10) and now is available in Iran. CHG has most of the advantages needed except tissue solving which hasn t been proven yet. It is active against a wide range of microorganisms, such as Gram positive, Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial spores, lipophilic viruses and yeasts at ph of 2004; Vol. 1, No. 1 45
4 Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Vahid A, et al However, compared to NaOCl, it seems to have fewer advantages during instrumenttation. (11) Table I- Antimicrobial activity of 0.2% chlorhexidin solution on Streptococcus mutants with respect to No. of CFUs/ml. Case Before 48 hour after Percentage No. instrumentation instrumentation of reduction / Mean elimination percent =99..9% Table II- Antimicrobial activity of 0.2% chlorhexidine solution on anaerobe microorganisms (CFU/ml). Mean elimination percentage= 99.02% Case Before 48 hour after Percentage No. instrumentation instrumentation of reduction ~ ~ Table III- Antibacteial activity of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution on Streptococcus mutans (CFU/ml). Mean elimination percentage=%99.7. Case No. Before 48 hour after instrumentation instrumentati on / Percentage of reduction Table IV- Antimicrobial activity of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution on anaerobe microorganisms (CFU/ml). Elimination mean percent =92.71% Case No. Before 48 hour after Reduction instrumentation instrumentation percentage ~ ~ ~100 Table V- Mann- Whitney test (A): Ranks Group No. Mean Sum of Rank Ranks DPANA Soduime hypochlorite 0.5% Chlorhexdine 0.2% Total 20 DPSM Soduime hyochlorite % Chlorhexdine 0.2% Total 20 (B): Test statistics Statistical tests DPANA DPSM Mann- Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) Exact Sig. [2* (1- tailed Sig.].280 (a).089 (a) a Not corrected for ties. b Grouping Variable: Group Concerning more than one decade that CHG is recommended as canal irrigant, its antibacterial effect is not well evaluated clinically. At present study its antibacterial activity evaluated on anaerobic bacteria and Streptococcus mutans. Although anaerobics are the most microbial flora of necrotic canals (obligatory and facultative), since studies still aren t very clear about a specific species of anaerobic bacteria of mix canal flora, the anaerobic bacteria of the canal at present research was studied nonspecifically ; Vol. 1, No. 1
5 Vahid A, et al Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Streptococcus Mutans is a facultative anaerobe, which prefers anaerobic condition and is not always presents in the canal. Since its susceptibility to CHG is like other pathogens in endodontic (Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Prevotella Intermedia, and Fusobacterium Nucleatum), and also it has been used for other irrigants anti-microbial studies, (13) it was used at present study. This microorganism can enter dentinal tubules of open apices and continues its life. However in this study at first culture 12 out of 20 canals (60%), rendered positive results. The results of this research showed that antimicrobial activity of CHG 0.2% is more effective than SH 0.5% in-vivo, although the difference is not significant. Vahdaty et al (14) compared 2% and 0.2% of SH to 2% and 0.2% CHG, and showed that in equal concentration, CHG is more effective. Ringel et al (7) Similarly, used 2.5% SH with 0.2% CHG and found out that SH 2.0% is more effective. It seems that lower concentration of CHG is less effective compared to higher concentration of SH. By the way, comparing 0.2% concentration of CHG to 0.5% SH, the results were like the study of Yesiloy et al. (1) Regarding the growth of microorganisms in the canal system between appointments, lots of studies comparing different antimicrobial agents as dressing have been performed.( 15,16,17) According to Barthel and others, CHG gel and calcium hydroxide paste both had good results in preventing microbial colonization. (17) Apparently using CHG solution as dressing after cleaning the canal is easier and takes less time. According to Delany et al, when CHG is used as irrigant and interappointment dressing, its 0.2% solution can reduce 70% bacteria in multiradicular and 80% in uniradicular teeth. (10) The study of Leonardo et al (18) resulted in aerobe bacteria elimination equal to 100% and for anaerobes 77.75%. Mean elimination percent in the present study in chemomechanical preparation of the canal and by benefiting of 12 ml of CHG 0.2% were 99.9 for Streptoccocus mutans and for anaerobes. These results for 0.5% SH were 99.7 and 92.7, respectively. Almost in none of the studies the elimination percent, particularly for anaerobes rendered 100%. Also dressing the canal with CHG, as mentioned previously, could have positive results in present study that for similarity in methods for none of the irrigating solutions was considered. Besides all, the issue of SH accident should be mentioned. It is a complication that some times can happen. In the first case reported by Becking, the accident happened through a perforation at CEJ of buccal wall and it seems as much more the concentration the accident would be worse. (19) Thus with everything discussed, it seems that in spite of SH effectiveness, CHG can be a more effective irrigating and antimicrobial agent with much fewer side effects for irrigating the canal. More studies for higher concentrations are recommended. Conclusions In clinical experiment antimicrobial effect of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.2% was similar to Sodium Hypochlorite 0.5% and no significant statistical difference existed. Thereby it can be concluded that CHG, an effective mouth wash for treating oral infections can be used as irrigation in endodontic therapy and can easily replace Sodium Hypochlorite that is caustic, malodorous, toxic for periapical tissue with low remaining antimicrobial activity and can cause corrosion on dental instruments. CHG 0.2% with high antimicrobial effect can be used for patients sensitive to SH also in open apices teeth without hazard to periapecal tissues. CHG can be dressed in the canal between appointments and it can keep its antimicrobial activity during this period of time and thus prohibits bacterial re-growth. Every 2004; Vol. 1, No. 1 47
6 Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Vahid A, et al References: unwanted entering of irrigating solution (CHG) in the mouth can t cause gagging and bothering the patient. Since it seems, higher concentrations of CHG can be more effective comparable to higher concentrations of SH. 1-Yesiloy C, Whitaker E, Cleveland D, Phillips E, Trope M. Antimicrobial and toxic effects of established and potential root canal irrigants. J Endod 1995; 21(10): Tasman F, Cehrely Z, Ogan C, Etikan I. Surface tension of root canal irrigants. J Endod 2000; 26(10) Spangberg L, Engstrom B, Langland K. Biologic effects of dental material. Oral Surg 1973; 36: Huggers JP, Sazy AJ, Stenberg BD. Bacterial and wound-healing properties of sodium hypochlorite solution. J Burn Care Rehab 1991;12: Kuruvilla JR, Kamath MP. Antimicrobial activity of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate separately and combined, as endodontic irrigants. J Endodon 1998; 24(7): Rolla G, Loe H, Schiott RC. Retention of chlorhexidine in the human oral cavity. Archs Oral Biol 1971; 16: Ringel AM, Patterson SS, Newton CW, Miller CH, Mulhern JM. In- vivo evaluation of chlorehexidine gluconate solution and sodium hypochlorite solution as root canal irrigants. J Endod 1982; 8(5): Gold G, Olga Jordan HV, Van Houte J. A selective medium for Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biology 1973; 18: Bailley, Scott s. Diagnostic Microbiology. Betty A. Forbes, Daniel F. Sahm, Alice S. Weissfeld. 10 th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; Delany GM, Patterson SS., Miller CH, Newton CW. The Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate irrigation on the root canal flora of freshly extracted necrotic teeth. Oral Surg 1982 May; 53(5): Torabinejad M, Walton RE. Principles and Practice of Endodontics. 3 rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; Modnick RM, Darn SO, Feldman MJ. Efficacy of biomechanical instrumentation: An electron microscope study. J Oral Endod 1976; 2: White RR, Hays GL, Janer LR. Residual antimicrobial activity after canal irrigation with chlorhexidine. J Oral Endod 1997; 23(4): Vahdaty A, Pitt Ford TR, Wilson RF. Efficacy of chlorhexidine in disinfecting dentinal tubules in vitro. Endod Dent Traumatol 1993; 9: Yang Shue F, Rivera EM, Walton RE, Baumgardner KR. Canal debridement: effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide as medicaments. J Oral Endod 1996; 22(10): Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990; 6: Barthel CR, Zimmer S, Tanomaru M. In situ antimicrobial effectiveness of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide: gel and paste versus gutta-percha points. J Oral Endod 2002; 28(6): Leonardo MR, Filho Tanomaru M, Silva LA, Filho Nelson P, Bonifacio KC, Ito IY. In vivo antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine used as a root canal irrigating solution. J Oral Endod 1999; 25(3): Becking AG. Complications in the use of sodium hypochlorite during endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991; 71(3); ; Vol. 1, No. 1
EFFECT OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
International Journal of Clinical Dentistry ISSN: 1939-5833 Volume 6, Number 2 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. EFFECT OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ON THE SUBSTANTIVITY OF CHLORHEXIDINE Zahed Mohammadi 1, Luciano
More informationIn vitro assessment of the immediate and prolonged antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine gel as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis
In vitro assessment of the immediate and prolonged antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine gel as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis Fábio Roberto Dametto, DDS, MSc, a Caio Cezar Randi
More informationStaining Potential of Calcium Hydroxide and Monochlorophenol Following Removal of AH26 Root Canal Sealer
Staining Potential of Calcium Hydroxide and Monochlorophenol Following Removal of AH26 Root Canal Sealer Abstract Aim: The focus of this study was to examine the staining potential of calcium hydroxide
More informationEndodontic Microbiology
Endodontic Microbiology The indigenous oral microflora may gain access to the pulp and impair its function along a number of different routes: Direct exposure of the pulp tissue i.e., following caries,
More informationLarge periapical lesion: Healing without knife and incision
Large periapical lesion: Healing without knife and incision Ridhima Suneja College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE ABSTRACT Three dimensional obturation of root space has always yielded
More informationComparative Evaluation of 0.2 percent Chlorhexidine and Magnetized Water as a Mouth Rinse on Streptococcus mutans in Children
10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1108 Nidhi ORIGINAL Gupta, Manohar ARTICLE Bhat Comparative Evaluation of 0.2 percent Chlorhexidine and Magnetized Water as a Mouth Rinse on Streptococcus mutans in Children 1
More informationIn-vitro antimicrobial evaluation of Endodontic cavity sealers against Enterococcus faecalis
In-vitro antimicrobial evaluation of Endodontic cavity sealers against Enterococcus faecalis Prasad.M.P* Senior Scientist, Sangenomics Research Labs, Domlur layout, Bangalore-560071, INDIA Abstract: The
More informationThe Effect of Chlorhexidine Gluconate as an Endodontic Irrigant on the Apical Seal: Long-term Results
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2003 The Effect of Chlorhexidine Gluconate as an Endodontic Irrigant on the Apical Seal: Long-term Results
More informationEndodontics: All You Need to Know
Endodontics: All You Need to Know Saju George, DMD Contemporary Endodontics Princeton NJ September 2015 Process - Endodontics Medicaments endodontics Irrigation Cleaning Ideal requirements Intra canal
More informationCorresponding Author:Dr.Sneha Vaidya 3
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 11 Ver. VII (Nov. 2017), PP 75-81 www.iosrjournals.org Efficacy of Endoactivator Irrigation
More informationSmear layer removal evaluation of different protocol of Bio Race file and XPendo Finisher file in corporation with EDTA 17% and NaOCl
Journal section: Operative Dentistry and Endodontics Publication Types: Research doi:10.4317/jced.54179 http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.54179 of different protocol of Bio Race file and XPendo Finisher file
More informationJournal of Dental & Oro-facial Research Vol. 14 Issue 01 Jan. 2018
Journal of Dental & Oro-facial Research Vol. 14 Issue 01 Jan. 2018 Management of Non-Vital Teeth with Open Apices using MTA: Two Case Reports *Karan Narang 1, Mohini Nayak 2, Abdul Wahed, 3 John V. George
More informationEvaluation of time-dependent antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) on Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal
Evaluation of time-dependent antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) on Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal Hye-Jeong Kim, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim* Department of
More informationFundamentals of Endodontics Peter Briggs, Ahmed Farooq and Tracy Watford, Trish Moore and QED
Fundamentals of Endodontics Peter Briggs, Ahmed Farooq and Tracy Watford, Trish Moore and QED Practical Hands-on course St George s Hospital, SW17 0QT St George s Dental Simulation Today Take the opportunity
More informationThe antibacterial effects of lasers in endodontics
The antibacterial effects of s in endodontics Author_Dr Selma Cristina Cury Camargo, Brazil Fig. 1_Success in endodontic treatment: apical radiolucency repair. Fig. 1 _Endodontic infection The success
More informationBUFFERING EFFECT OF HYDROXYAPATITE AND DENTIN POWDER ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
International Journal of Clinical Dentistry ISSN: 1939-5833 Volume 6, Number 3 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. BUFFERING EFFECT OF HYDROXYAPATITE AND DENTIN POWDER ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SODIUM
More informationSahebi S., et al. J Dent Shiraz Univ Med Sci., March 2014; 15(1):
Original Article Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite and Aloe Vera Solutions as Root Canal Irrigants in Human Extracted Teeth Contaminated with Enterococcus Faecalis Sahebi S.
More informationENDODONTOLOGY. Chair side disinfection of gutta - percha points - An in vitro comparative study between 5 different agents at different concentrations
Original Research Chair side disinfection of gutta - percha points - An in vitro comparative study between 5 different agents at different concentrations Pradeep.K # K.H Kidiyoor Pavithra Jain Nageshwar
More informationMicrobiolgical analysis of root canal flora of failed pulpectomy in primary teeth
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 9 (2014) pp. 241-246 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Microbiolgical analysis of root canal flora of failed pulpectomy in primary teeth Sameer Punathil 1,
More informationAn in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates
Blackwell Science, Ltd An in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates D. A. Spratt 1, J. Pratten 2, M. Wilson 2 & K. Gulabivala 1 Departments of 1
More informationBest Practice of in vitro Methods on Measuring Anti Microbial of Chemical Substance on Root Canal Treatment: Literature Review
Best Practice of in vitro Methods on Measuring Anti Microbial of Chemical Substance on Root Canal Treatment: Literature Review Dani Rizali Firman 1, Indra Primathena 2 1 Oral Biology Department, Faculty
More informationRoot canal therapy. Phase 1: Relief of pain
Root canal therapy Root Canal therapy is required when the pulp becomes inflamed or infected. This can be caused by deep decay, recurring dental procedures on the tooth, or a crack or chip in the tooth.
More informationENDODONTICS. Trycare
ENDODONTICS www.trycare.co.uk/tehnodent Trycare 01274 88 55 44 dental@trycare.co.uk 1 Edetale Gel With Peroxide Using a file lubricant reduces stress on the instrument by softening the dentine. Simply
More informationIOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 8 Ver. X (Aug. 2017), PP 17-21 www.iosrjournals.org Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial
More informationCLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF DIRECT PULP CAPPING PROCEDURES PERFORMED BY POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF DIRECT PULP CAPPING PROCEDURES PERFORMED BY POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS Monica Monea Alexandru Sitaru Tudor Hantoiu Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, Faculty
More informationAntimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review - Part II.
Review article ISSN 2234-7658 (print) / ISSN 2234-7666 (online) Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review - Part II. in vivo studies
More informationRemoval efficiency of propolis paste dressing from the root canal
Universidade de São Paulo Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual - BDPI Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos - FOB/BAD Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - FOB/BAD
More informationSvea Baumgarten, Dr. med. dent., M Sc, accredited implantologist as per the criteria of the DGZI (German Association of Dental Implantology) 1
The use of ozone in dentistry a case study Svea Baumgarten, Dr. med. dent., M Sc, accredited implantologist as per the criteria of the DGZI (German Association of Dental Implantology) 1 Ozone gas is a
More informationReview of literature Single Visit versus Multiple Visit Root Canal Therapy
Jaypee s International Journal Single of Clinical Visit versus Pediatric Multiple Dentistry, Visit Root Canal September-December Therapy 2008;1(1):17-24 Review of literature Single Visit versus Multiple
More informationLaboratory Comparison of the Anti-Bacterial Effects of Spearmint Extract and Hypochlorite Sodium on Enterococcus Faecalis Bacteria
Journal of Dental Biomaterials. 2016;3(4) Original Article Laboratory Comparison of the Anti-Bacterial Effects of Spearmint Extract and Hypochlorite Sodium on Enterococcus Faecalis Bacteria Hajimaghsoodi
More informationComparison of removal of endodontic smear layer using NaOCl, EDTA, and different concentrations of maleic acid A SEM study
Endodontology, Vol. 15, 2003 Comparison of removal of endodontic smear layer using NaOCl, EDTA, and different concentrations of maleic acid A SEM study *Prabhu SG **Rahim N ***Bhat KS ***Mathew J ABSTRACT
More informationDental materials and cements, and its use in children
Dental materials and cements, and its use in children Study objective Discuss the role and importance of cements in paediatric dentistry Calcium hydroxide This is a colourless crystal or white powder prepared
More informationMicroorganisms play an important role in the development of pulpal and periapical
Effect of Smear Layer and Chlorhexidine Treatment on the Adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to Bovine Dentin Seung-Eun Yang, DDS, MSc, Jeong-Heon Cha, PhD, Eui-Seong Kim, DDS, PhD, Kee-Yeon Kum, DDS, PhD,
More information/jp-journals An in vitro Study to Compare the Effectiveness of F-file with Ultrasonically Activated K-file to Remove Smear Layer
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1410 Original research An in vitro Study to Compare the Effectiveness of F-file with Ultrasonically Activated K-file to Remove Smear Layer by using a Scanning Electron Microscope
More informationIn vitro evaluation of root canal preparation with plastic endodontic rotary finishing file - A SEM study
Original Research In vitro evaluation of root canal preparation with plastic endodontic rotary finishing file - A SEM study ASHUTOSH * ASEEM P. TIKKU ** ANIL CHANDRA ** PROMILA VERMA *** RAKESH K. YADAV
More informationEndodontics Cracked Tooth: How to manage it in daily practice
Calogero Bugea Endodontics Cracked Tooth: How to manage it in daily practice 5 Feb 2016 Tooth Fractures are not rare, surface cracks, or craze lines, are relatively common in teeth. In most of cases they
More informationInfluence of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on apical leakage following obturation using three different sealers
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.1 Jan 11 Original article Influence of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on apical leakage following obturation using three different sealers
More informationComparative Efficacy Of Endodontic Medicaments Against Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilms
Comparative Efficacy Of Endodontic Medicaments Against Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilms A thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor
More informationEndodontics. Cleaning and shaping Chemical adjuncts, medicaments. Dr. Zsuzsanna Tóth Ph.D. Semmelweis University Dept. of Conservative Dentistry
Endodontics Cleaning and shaping Chemical adjuncts, medicaments Dr. Zsuzsanna Tóth Ph.D. Semmelweis University Dept. of Conservative Dentistry Major goal of endodontics Preserve the health of periapical
More informationMTA PULPOTOMY ASSOCIATED APEXOGENESIS OF HUMAN PERMANENT MOLAR WITH IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS: A CASE REPORT
Case Report International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences Volume 02, Issue 05 MTA PULPOTOMY ASSOCIATED APEXOGENESIS OF HUMAN PERMANENT MOLAR WITH IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS: A CASE REPORT Nabi Shahnaz
More informationEVALUATION OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE VISIT ROOT CANAL THERAPY: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL CASES
CLINICAL DENTISTRY AND RESEARCH 2012; 36(3): 59-63 EVALUATION OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE VISIT ROOT CANAL THERAPY: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL CASES Zeliha Yılmaz, DDS, PhD Department of Endodontics, Faculty of
More informationHistological Periapical Repair after Obturation of Infected Root Canals in Dogs
JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1999 by The American Association of Endodontists VOL. 25, No. 5, MAY 1999 Histological Periapical Repair after Obturation of Infected Root Canals in Dogs
More informationIn vitro Study of Apically Extruded Debris and Irrigant Following the Use of Conventional and Rotary Instrumentation Techniques
Apr.-Jun. 2014, Volume 11, No. 2 (Serial No. 94) pp. 49-54 Journal of US-China Medical Science, ISSN 1548-6648, USA D DAV I D PUBLISHING In vitro Study of Apically Extruded Debris and Irrigant Following
More informationIntraosseous Injection of Clindamycin Phosphate Into the Chronic Apical Lesion of Lower Molar - a Case Report
& Intraosseous Injection of Clindamycin Phosphate Into the Chronic Apical Lesion of Lower Molar - a Case Report Amela Lačević 1 *, Samir Prohić 2, Edina Vranić 3 1. Department of Dental Pathology and Endodontics,
More informationENDODONTIC PAIN CONTROL. Dr. Ameer H. AL-Ameedee Ph.D in Operative and Esthetic Dentistry
ENDODONTIC PAIN CONTROL Dr. Ameer H. AL-Ameedee Ph.D in Operative and Esthetic Dentistry ENDODONTIC EMERGENCIES ARE CHALLENGE IN BOTH DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT -EVERY CASE IS A COMPLETE SEPARATE STORY Diagnostic
More informationENDODONTIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM. Saves time and improves outcomes
ENDODONTIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM Saves time and improves outcomes ENDODONTIC IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS When it comes to irrigating, CanalPro Endodontic Solutions are your best choice for successfull treatment.
More informationCUT NURLIZA & DENNIS. Department of Conservative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sumatera Utara Jl. Alumni Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia
International Journal of Dental Research & Development (IJDRD) ISSN(P): 2250-2386; ISSN(E): 2321-0117 Vol. 7, Issue 1, Feb 2017, 9-18 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF RADISH TUBERS (Raphanus sativus
More informationENDODONTOLOGY. Evaluation of the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate as an endodontic irrigant on the apical seal - An in vitro study INTRODUCTION
Original Research Evaluation of the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate as an endodontic irrigant on the apical seal - An in vitro study ROOPASHREE M. S. KALA M. * INTRODUCTION One of the most important
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.044
More information502 Jefferson Highway N. Champlin, MN Saving Your Teeth with ROOT CANAL THERAPY
502 Jefferson Highway N. Champlin, MN 55316 763 427-1311 www.moffittrestorativedentistry.com Saving Your Teeth with ROOT CANAL THERAPY YOUR TOOTH NEEDS THERAPY: ENDODONTICS If you have a tooth whose internal
More informationCONTENTS. Endodontic therapy Permanent open apex teeth Intracanal Medication. A. Introduction I. Problems II. III. IV. B. Research C.
CONTENTS A. Introduction I. Problems II. III. IV. Endodontic therapy Permanent open apex teeth Intracanal Medication B. Research C. Conclusion INTRODUCTION A. Problems 1. In permanent teeth with open apex
More informationINCIDENCE OF ENDODONTIC FLARE-UPS USING EITHER CALCIUM HYDROXIDE OR CREOSOTE AS INTRACANAL MEDICAMENT IN SYMPTOMATIC TEETH
Original Article INCIDENCE OF ENDODONTIC FLARE-UPS USING EITHER CALCIUM HYDROXIDE OR CREOSOTE AS INTRACANAL MEDICAMENT IN SYMPTOMATIC TEETH Dr. Shafqat Ali Shah BDS, FCPS (Pak), Senior Registrar, Department
More informationSynergistic antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide against Enterococcus faecalis
275 Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 55, No. 4, 275-280, 2013 Original Synergistic antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide against Enterococcus faecalis Seyedmohsen Hasheminia 1), Ali
More informationPost natal mesenchymal cells possibility to regenerate and repair dental structures.
Post natal mesenchymal cells possibility to regenerate and repair dental structures. Received: February 2014 Accepted: April 2014 Martha Siragusa. msiragus@arnet.com.ar DDS, PhD. Endodontics Departments
More informationKING SAUD UNIVERSITY College of Dentistry. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences DIVISION OF ENDODONTICS COURSE OUTLINE 323 RDS
KING SAUD UNIVERSITY College of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dental Sciences DIVISION OF ENDODONTICS COURSE OUTLINE 323 RDS Pre-Clinical Endodontics Three (3) Credit Hours Third Year 2014-2015 Prepared
More informationEffect of sodium hypochlorite on human pulp cells: an in vitro study
Effect of sodium hypochlorite on human pulp cells: an in vitro study Mark D. Essner, DDS, a Amjad Javed, MSc, PhD, b and Paul D. Eleazer, DDS, MS, c Birmingham, Alabama UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA SCHOOL OF
More informationField Guide to the Ultrasonic Revolution
Helsē Ultrasonic Field Guide to the Ultrasonic Revolution 20 Endo Tasks... Simplified. Sparking an Ultrasonic Revolution At Helse Ultrasonic, our unwavering mission is to turn your ultrasonic unit into
More informationWhite Rose Research Online URL for this paper: Version: Accepted Version
This is a repository copy of The Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine as Irrigant Solutions for Root Canal Disinfection: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. White Rose Research Online URL
More informationPolicy Title: Single-Use (Disposable) Devices Policy Number: 13. Effective Date: 6/10/2013 Review Date: 6/10/2016
Policy Title: Single-Use (Disposable) Devices Policy Number: 13 5. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: 5.1. All dental healthcare personnel have responsibility to conform and respect all aspects of this policy.
More informationPediatric endodontics. Diagnosis, Direct and Indirect pulp capping DR.SHANKAR
Pediatric endodontics Diagnosis, Direct and Indirect pulp capping DR.SHANKAR WHY TO PRESERVE PRIMARY TEETH? The preservation of the primary dentition until their normal anticipated exfoliation can be justified
More informationOriginal Research Article DOI: / Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics, October-December, 2017; 2(4):
Original Research Article DOI: 10.18231/2456-8953.2017.0002 Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of MTAD, DMSA (Di Mercaptosuccinic acid), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine against
More information22 yo female presented for evaluation and treatment of tooth #24
Erick Sato Case Report Non-Surgical Root Canal Therapy #24 22 yo female presented for evaluation and treatment of tooth #24 Subjective: Chief Complaint: My tooth is dark, and my dentist referred me for
More informationEndodontic treatment of mandibular incisors with two root canals: Report of two cases
Blackwell Publishing IncMalden, USAAEJAustralian Endodontic Journal1329-1947 2007 The Authors;? 2007 2731Case ReportMandibular Incisors with Two CanalsY. S. Kabak and P. V. Abbott Aust Endod J 2007; 33:
More informationCLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF 2% CHLORHEXIDINE GEL IN REDUCING INTRACANAL BACTERIA. Ching Shan Wang, DDS
CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF 2% CHLORHEXIDINE GEL IN REDUCING INTRACANAL BACTERIA Ching Shan Wang, DDS A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment
More informationThe Graduate School Yonsei University Department of Dentistry Myoungah Seo
The Graduate School Yonsei University Department of Dentistry Myoungah Seo A Masters Thesis Submitted to the Department of Dentistry and the Graduate School of Yonsei University in partial fulfillment
More informationClinical Application of 810nm Diode Laser and Low Level Laser Therapy for Treating an Endodontic Problem
Case Report Clinical Application of 810nm Diode Laser and Low Level Laser Therapy for Treating an Endodontic Problem A Case Presentation Mohammad Asnaashari 1, Nikou Asnaashari 2 1 Endodontist, DDS, MS,
More informationMicroleakage of Root Canal Sealed with Temporary Endodontic Sealing Materials
Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences 1(2013)24-29 Microleakage of Root Canal Sealed with Temporary Endodontic Sealing Materials Rajaa T.Sulieman BDS, MSc. (1) Key words microleakage, glass ionomer cement,
More informationDiaDent Group International DIA.DENT DiaRoot BioAggregate. Root Canal Repair Material
DiaDent Group International 1.877.DIA.DENT www.diadent.com DiaRoot BioAggregate Root Canal Repair Material PRECISION. PURITY. RESULTS ABOUT DIAROOT... DiaRoot BioAggregate Root Canal Repair Material is
More informationMANAGEMENT OF ROOT RESORPTION- A REBIRTH CASE REPORTS DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
MANAGEMENT OF ROOT RESORPTION- A REBIRTH CASE REPORTS AUTHORS Dr. SHALINI.H, PG Student Dr. B. RAMAPRABHA, MDS Professor Dr. M. KAVITHA, MDS Professor and HOD DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
More informationComparative study of the disinfection capacity of different floor cleaning solutions on ventilated room floor
Comparative study of the disinfection capacity of different floor cleaning solutions on ventilated room floor M. G. Sanal Kumar, S. Nandakumar, B. Bini & Arya Raj R. S. P.G. & Research Department of Zoology,
More informationCase Note Retrieval of a separated file using Masserann technique: A case report
Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2006), Vol. 4, No. 2, Issue 14, 238-242 Case Note Retrieval of a separated file using Masserann technique: A case report Pai ARV 1, Kamath MP 2, Basnet P 3 1 Associate
More informationA Predictable Protocol for the Biochemical Cleansing of the Root Canal System. By: Gary D. Glassman DDS, FRCD(C) and Kenneth S.
A Predictable Protocol for the Biochemical Cleansing of the Root Canal System ORAL HEATH MAG - Jul 2001 By: Gary D. Glassman DDS, FRCD(C) and Kenneth S. Serota DDS, MMSc The triad of biomechanical preparation,
More informationThe Endodontics Introduction. By: Thulficar Al-Khafaji BDS, MSC, PhD
The Endodontics Introduction By: Thulficar Al-Khafaji BDS, MSC, PhD Introduction Definition Endodontology form function health of the dental pulp and the periradicular tissues that surround the root(s)
More informationTHE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT MOUTHWASHES IN MALAYSIA. Mat Ludin, C.M., and Md Radzi, J.
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 2, July 2001 (14-18) ORIGINAL ARTICLE THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT MOUTHWASHES IN MALAYSIA Mat Ludin, C.M., and Md Radzi, J. Department of
More informationCell Survival After Exposure to a Novel Endodontic Irrigant. Abstract
Cell Survival After Exposure to a Novel Endodontic Irrigant Gregory S. Zilinski, DDS, Timothy C. Kirkpatrick, DDS, Thomas E. Lallier, PhD, Van T. Himel, DDS, Kent A. Sabey, DDS Abstract Introduction: Endocyn,
More informationchlorhexidine and its applications in Endodontics: a literature review
Literature review chlorhexidine and its applications in Endodontics: a literature review Jefferson Marion 1 Kathielli pavan 2 Márcia Esmeralda Bis Franzoni arruda 3 Lauro nakashima 4 Carlos Alberto Herrero
More informationIn vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite
oo ORAL o SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ENDODONTICS Vol. 97 No. 1 January 2004 Editor: Larz S. W. Spångberg In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite
More informationInternational Journal of Basic and Clinical Studies (IJBCS) 2014;3(1): Uysal I and Oztekin F
Endodontic Treatment of Mandibular Incisors with Periapical Lesion by Using Single Instrument: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging Ibrahim Uysal 1 Faruk Oztekin 2 1 PhD, Dicle University, Faculty of
More informationIn vitro evaluation of root canals obturated with four different techniques. Part 3: Obturation of lateral canals
64 > research In vitro evaluation of root canals obturated with four different techniques. Part : Obturation of lateral canals SADJ July, Vol 67 no 6 p64 - p69 FS Botha, C van der Merwe, PJ van der Vyver,
More informationENDODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF C-SHAPED CANAL IN MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR: A CASE REPORT
Case Report International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences Volume 03, Issue 04 ENDODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF C-SHAPED CANAL IN MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR: A CASE REPORT Thakur Savita 1,Rani Nidhi 2,Dosanjh
More informationDetermination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of four medicaments used as intracanal medication
Aust Endod J 2007; 33: 107 111 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of four medicaments used as intracanal medication Raul C. Pallotta, DDS, MDSc, PhD 1 ; Mariangela
More informationThe Effect of Fragaria x ananassa Infusum on Salivary Mutans Streptococci
The Effect of Fragaria x ananassa Infusum on Salivary Mutans Streptococci Harun.A Gunawan.,AR. Putri.,H.Widodo., S Mangundjaja Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia Jakarta
More informationDegradation and Removal of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipid 654 by Common Endodontic Intracanal Irrigants and Medicaments
University of Connecticut DigitalCommons@UConn Master's Theses University of Connecticut Graduate School 6-30-2015 Degradation and Removal of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipid 654 by Common Endodontic Intracanal
More informationIn vitro microbiologic evaluation of PTFE and cotton as spacer materials
In vitro microbiologic evaluation of PTFE and cotton as spacer materials Avina Paranjpe, BDS, MS, MSD, PhD 1 /Sumita Jain, PhD 2 / Karim Z. Alibhai, DDS, MS 1 /Chandur P. Wadhwani, DDS, MS 3 / Richard
More informationManagement of a Type III Dens Invaginatus using a Combination Surgical and Non-surgical Endodontic Therapy: A Case Report
Management of a Type III Dens Invaginatus using a Combination Surgical and Non-surgical Endodontic Therapy: A Case Report Mithra N. Hegde, BDS, MDS, FPFA; Aditya Shetty, BDS, MDS; Rekha Sagar, BDS, MDS
More informationHealing of Extensive Periapical Lesions by means of Conventional Endodontic treatment a Report of Two Cases
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 4 Ver. VIII (Apr. 2015), PP 87-91 www.iosrjournals.org Healing of Extensive Periapical Lesions
More informationENDO- DONTICS ENDODONTIC THERAPY
ENDODONTIC THERAPY TRAINERS Dr. Christos Dandakis Dr. Konstantinos Kodonas Dr. Kalyva Maria From diagnosis to obturation Τhe aim of this course is the presentation and analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic
More informationENDODONTOLOGY. Editor: Larz S. W. Spångberg
Vol. 98 No. 3 September 2004 ENDODONTOLOGY Editor: Larz S. W. Spångberg Antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide, iodine potassium iodide, betadine, and betadine scrub with and without surfactant against
More informationagents in pulpal and periapical disease.
Applied R e s e a r c h Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal Effects of Iodoform-Integrating Gutta-Percha Emre Bodrumlu, DDS, PhD; Tayfun Alaçam, DDS, PhD ABSTRACT Contact Author Dr. Bodrumlu Email:
More informationAntibiotics during dental extraction
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Antibiotics during dental extraction Author : Tim Barnett Categories : Equine, Vets Date : October 26, 2016 Periapical and
More informationMaxillary Molar Endodontic Case Presentation. R.Bose. BDS (Manc 2010), General Dental Practitioner, Oxford/London.
CASE REPO R T Maxillary Molar Endodontic Case Presentation R.Bose. BDS (Manc 2010), General Dental Practitioner, Oxford/London. Introduction Endodontology is concerned with the form, function and health
More informationSeptember 19. Title: In vitro antibacterial activity of different endodontic irrigants. Author: Claudia Poggio et al.
2012 September 19 Title: In vitro antibacterial activity of different endodontic irrigants. Author: Claudia Poggio et al. Journal: Dental Traumatology 2012; 28: 205-209 Reviewer: Arnav R. Mistry, DMD Purpose:
More informationAvailable through your local dealer
ROOT CANAL MEDICAMENT (Radiopaque) 1 prefilled syringe containing 2.0g paste 20 disposable tips Premixed Calcium Hydroxide + Iodoform Paste for Root Canal Treatment Clinically Proven! FDA 510 (k) K973667
More informationInfluence of different vehicles on the ph of calcium hydroxide pastes
107 Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 46, No. 2, 107-1, 2004 Original Influence of different vehicles on the of calcium hydroxide pastes María Gabriela Pacios, María Luisa de la Casa, María de los Ángeles
More informationWaveOne Gold reciprocating instruments: clinical application in the private practice: Part 2
C L I N I C A L WaveOne Gold reciprocating instruments: clinical application in the private practice: Part 2 Peet van der Vyver 1 and Martin Vorster 2 1 Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University
More informationMed. J. Cairo Univ., Vol. 84, No. 2, March: , 2016
Med. J. Cairo Univ., Vol. 84, No. 2, March: 113-117, 2016 www.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.net The Seal Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Nano Hydroxyapatite Retrograde Filling Material on Internal
More informationThe use of MTA in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices 1
Dental Traumatology 2002; 18: 217 221 Copyright # Blackwell Munksgaard 2002 Printed in Denmark. All rights reserved DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY ISSN 1600 4469 The use of MTA in teeth with necrotic pulps and open
More informationIntroduction. Original Research. ENDODONTOLOGY Volume: 25 Issue 2 December 2013 ABSTRACT
ENDODONTOLOGY Volume: 25 Issue 2 December 2013 Original Research Antimicrobial activity of gutta-percha points containing root canal medications against E.faecalis and Candida albicans in simulated root
More informationClinical Management of a Maxillary Lateral Incisor With Vital Pulp and Type 3 Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report
JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2004 by The American Association of Endodontists VOL. 30, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2004 CASE REPORT/CLINICAL TECHNIQUES Clinical Management of a Maxillary Lateral
More informationTHE WORLD'S FIRST CORDLESS ULTRASONIC ENDO ACTIVATION DEVICE. Patent pending USA Engineered and Manufactured SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE SUPPORTS SEE WHY
Patent pending USA Engineered and Manufactured SEE WHY SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE SUPPORTS ULTRASONIC ACTIVATION THE WORLD'S FIRST CORDLESS ULTRASONIC ENDO ACTIVATION DEVICE The EndoUltra produces ultrasonic
More information