4 Skin and Body Membranes Study Guide

Transcription

1 Name: SKIN AND BODY MEMBRANES: 4 Skin and Body Membranes Study Guide Period: Body membranes, which cover body surfaces, line its cavities, and form protective sheets around organs, fall into two major categories. These are epithelial membranes (skin epidermis, mucosae, and serosae) and the connective tissue synovial membranes. Topics for review in this chapter include a comparison of structure and function of various membranes, anatomical characteristics of the skin (composed of the connective tissue dermis and the epidermis) and its derivatives, and the manner in which the skin responds to both internal and external stimuli to protect the body. CLASSIFICATION OF BODY MEMBRANES 1. Complete the following table relating to body membranes. Enter your responses in the areas left blank. Membrane Tissue type (epithelial/ connective) Common locations Functions Mucous a. b. c. Serous d. e. f. Cutaneous g. h. i. Synovial j. k. l. 2. Four simplified diagrams are shown in the figure on the following page. Using the terms below, label the corresponding structures on the diagrams. Cutaneous membrane Parietal pleura (serosa) Synovial membrane Mucosae Visceral pericardium (serosa) Visceral pleura (serosa) Parietal pericardium (serosa) 1 Miss School, Miss Out

2 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN) - Basic Functions of the Skin 3. Explain the role of sweat glands in maintaining body temperature homeostasis. In your explanation, indicate how their activity is regulated. 2 Miss School, Miss Out

3 Basic Structure of the Skin 4. This figure depicts a longitudinal section of the skin. Label the skin structures and areas by adding leader lines and brackets on the figure. 3 Miss School, Miss Out

4 5. Using the choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions. Enter the appropriate letter(s) or term(s) in the answer blanks. Stratum basale Stratum lucidum Reticular layer Stratum corneum Stratum spinosum Epidermis as a whole Stratum granulosum Papillary layer Dermis as a whole a. Translucent cells, containing keratin, found only in thick-hairless skin b. Strata containing all or mostly dead cells, heavily keratinized c. Dermis layer responsible for fingerprints d. Vascular region e. Epidermal region involved in rapid cell division; most inferior epidermal layer f. Scalelike cells full of keratin that constantly flake off, dead cells g. Site of elastic and collagen fibers h. Site of melanin formation, location of the melanocytes i. Major skin area from which the derivatives (hair, nails) arise j. Epidermal layer containing the oldest cells k. When tanned becomes leather 6. This exercise examines the relative importance of three pigments in determining skin color. Indicate which pigment is identified by the following descriptions by inserting the appropriate answer from the choices in the answer blanks. Carotene Hemoglobin Melanin a. Most responsible for the skin color of dark-skinned people b. Provides an orange cast to the skin c. Provides a natural sunscreen; covers nucleus of keratinocytes d. Most responsible for the skin color of Caucasians e. Phagocytized by keratinocytes f. Found predominantly in the stratum corneum g. Found within red blood cells in the blood vessels 4 Miss School, Miss Out

5 Appendages of the Skin 7. This figure is a diagram of a cross-sectional view of a hair in its follicle. Provide labels for the leader lines. 8. What is the scientific term for baldness? Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin 9. This section reviews the severity of burns. Using the choices, select the correct burn type for each of the following descriptions. Enter the correct answers in the answer blanks. First-degree burn Second-degree burn Third-degree burn a. Full-thickness burn; epidermal and dermal layers destroyed; skin is blanched b. Blisters form c. Epidermal damage, redness, and some pain (usually brief) d. Epidermal and some dermal damage; pain; regeneration is possible e. Regeneration impossible; requires grafting f. Pain is absent because nerve endings in the area are destroyed 5 Miss School, Miss Out

6 4 Skin and Body Membranes Body Membrane Classification Connective Tissue Membranes Epithelial Membranes 1. The Integumentary System 2. skin, dry The Skin Skin Derivatives eccrine or apocrine produce sebum 4. lines body cavities that open to exterior arrector pili muscle raises Occur in Pairs lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior Skin Structure: The Layers increases finger dexterity Dermis outside of organ lines wall of body cavity Epidermis from deepest to most superficial dermal papillae blood vessels, sweat glands oil glands mitotic 6 Miss School, Miss Out thick, hairless skin only shingle-like dead cells

7 Chapter 4 - Skin and Body Membranes Chapter Objectives Classification of Body Membranes 10. List the general functions of each membrane type-cutaneous, mucous, serous, and synovial-and give its location in the body. 11. Compare the structure (tissue makeup) of the major membrane types. The Integumentary System (Skin) 12. List several important functions of the integumentary system and explain how these functions are accomplished. 13. Define the following skin structures: epidermis, dermis (papillary and reticular layers), hair and hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and sweat gland. 7 Miss School, Miss Out

8 14. Name the layers of the epidermis and describe the characteristics of each. 15. Describe the distribution and function of the epidermal derivatives - sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair. 16. Name the factors that determine skin color and describe the function of melanin. 17. Differentiate between first-, second-, and third-degree burns. 18. Summarize the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. 8 Miss School, Miss Out

9 Bell Ringer #1 - Date: Bell Ringer #2 - Date: Bell Ringer #3 - Date: Bell Ringer #4 - Date: Bell Ringer #5 - Date: Bell Ringer #6 - Date: Bell Ringer #7 - Date: 9 Miss School, Miss Out

10 Notes: 10 Miss School, Miss Out