Scrub In. What is a function of the skin: The innermost layer of the epidermis is constantly reproducing itself. This function enable the skin to:

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1 Scrub In What is a function of the skin: a. Convert glycogen to glucose b. Secretion of growth hormones c. Manufacture of vitamin C d. Protection from germ invasion The innermost layer of the epidermis is constantly reproducing itself. This function enable the skin to: a. Detect pressure and pain b. Repair itself if injured c. Soak in the sun s ultraviolet rays d. Store energy 1

2 3.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary

3 Essential Questions: What are the functions of the integumentary? What are some disorders of the integumentary? How are integumentary disorders treated? How do you relate the integumentary to the body s communication s? 3

4 Functions of the integumentary Functions of the skin: Protection Sensory perception Regulation of body temperature Storage - fat, glucose, water, vitamins, salts Absorption ex: topical medication Excretion salt, small amount of waste and excess water Production- vitamin D 4 4

5 Functions of the integumentary Epidermis Major function of intact skin: protects the body against invasion of pathogens or germs Melanocytes: give skin its color (skin darkens when exposed to sunlight) and filter out ultraviolet radiation from sunlight The epidermis is composed of dead and living cells. The dead cells are rich in Keratin which is a protein that provides a waterproof covering. 5

6 Functions of the integumentary Epidermis Why are some people dark and others fair? Can that be changed? disorders of the integumentary 6

7 Functions of the integumentary Dermis Regulates temperature, supplies the epidermis with nutrient-saturated blood and stores much of the body's water supply 7

8 Functions of the integumentary Subcutaneous layer Hypodermal layer Hypo- dermal Insulates the body from cold temperatures and provides shock absorption. Fat cells of the hypodermis also store nutrients and energy. 8

9 Functions of the integumentary Hair Helps protect the body Length, thickness, type and color of hair varies with the different body parts and different races Goosebumps is caused by the arrector pili muscle. It causes the skin to pucker around a hair when exposed to a sudden chill. 9

10 Functions of the integumentary Nails Protects the fingers and toes from injury Healthy nails are usually pink in color Some disease conditions can be found due to the color of a person s nails Liver disease white nails Kidney disease half pink/half white Hypoxia bluish in color Anemia pale nail bed 10

11 Functions of the integumentary Glands Sudoriferous glands Eliminate sweat and perspiration that contains water, salts and some body wastes Axillary glands produce an odor when their secretion mixes with bacteria Sebaceous glands Secrete an oil for hair and skin (sebum) When an oil gland becomes plugged with dirt and oil a blackhead or pimple occurs Pimple 11

12 Functions of the integumentary The skin has remarkable ability to heal itself. New skin cells are generated on the inside of the skin as old skin cells on the outside die and shed. Which means your skin is constantly renewing itself from the inside. 12

13 Acne vulgaris: Disorders of the integumentary Common chronic disorder of the sebaceous glands that causes inflammation Pores becomes blocked with dirt, cosmetics, excess oil and or bacteria. This causes the area to become filled with leukocytes causing the accumulation of pus. Treatment/Prevention: Frequent thorough washing of skin Avoid creams and heavy makeup Antibiotics or vitamin A ointments UV light treatments disorders of the integumentary 13

14 Athlete s foot Caused by a fungal infection and is contagious Symptoms: skin itches, blisters and cracks into open sores Treatment: antifungal medication and keep area clean and dry 14

15 Burns: First-degree Second-degree Third-degree 15

16 Burns: First-degree Superficial Skin red and dry Involves only the epidermis Treatment: cold water Heals within one week 16

17 Burns: Second degree/partial thickness Epidermis and dermis involved Pain, swelling, redness and blistering Skin may be exposed to infection Treatment: pain medication, dry sterile dressing Healing within two weeks 17

18 Burns: Third-degree/full thickness Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers involved Loss of skin, eschar (blackened skin), possibly no pain May be life threatening/requires immediate hospitalization Treatment: prevention of infection, fluid replacement and skin grafting 18

19 Burns: Disorders of the integumentary Compare the different degrees of burns. 19

20 Burns: Disorders of the integumentary Rule of Nines Used to quickly assess percentage of body surface burned. Can be used to determine extent of treatment needed. 20

21 Bellringer: Any change in an existing mole or wart may be a sign of: a. Acne b. Dermatitis c. Cyst d. Melanoma When the normal hair is replaced by a very short, transparent hair, what condition results: a. Alopecia b. Albinism c. Herpes d. Dermatitis 21

22 Dermatitis/Eczema dermat- -itis Inflammation of the skin that produces a rash Both are frequently caused by coming in contact with a substance or stress Symptoms: dry skin, erythema/redness, itching, edema, scaling. A macular-papular rash is noted with dermatitis. Treatment: eliminate cause, especially if allergens; antiinflammatory ointments; antihistamines and steroids 22

23 Herpes Disorders of the integumentary Herpes simplex virus Two types of HSV: HSV type 1 - oral HSV type 2 genital Symptoms: blister or multiple blisters on or around affected areas Transmission: oral secretions or sores on the skin. Can be spread through kissing or sharing objects such as toothbrushes or eating utensils. A person can only get herpes type 2 infection during sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection. Can be passed to a baby during childbirth. Prognosis: no cure 23

24 Impetigo highly contagious 2 main causes of impetigo: Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococcus. Risk factors for contracting impetigo: age (2-6), broken skin, warm/humid conditions, certain sports Treatment: antibiotics (cream or oral) 24

25 Psoriasis Persistent, chronic disease that forms thick silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches that are sometimes painful Risk factors: family history of the disease Treatment: topical steroids, moisturizes 25

26 Ringworm / tinea corporis highly contagious fungal infection Transmission: Spreads by direct skin-toskin contact with an infected person or animal Causes: fungal infection caused by mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin Treatment: antifungal medications 26

27 Scabies - is an itchy skin condition Cause: a tiny burrowing mite Transmission: contagious, and can spread quickly through close physical contact Treatment: Elimite cream Prevention: Clean all clothes and linen Starve the mites. 27

28 Shingles Disorders of the integumentary Cause: viral nerve infection Commonly seen on the chest or abdomen/causes severe pain A person with shingles can pass the varicellazoster virus to anyone who isn't immune to chickenpox. This can occur through direct contact with the open sores. Once infected, the person will develop chickenpox not shingles. Anyone who has ever had chickenpox can develop shingles. Factors that increase your risk of developing shingles are: age >50 and diseases that decrease your body s immune response Two vaccines may help prevent shingles the chickenpox (varicella) vaccine and the shingles (varicella-zoster) vaccine. 28

29 Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells Risk factors: excessive sun exposure (primary cause), fair skin, history of sunburns,, moles, family history of skin cancer Prevention: avoid sun exposure between 10am-4pm, wear sunscreen (at least SPF of 15) year-round, wear protective clothing, avoid tanning beds, check your skin regularly Three types: Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma 29

30 Skin cancer Basal cell carcinoma Most common and least malignant type of skin cancer Often appears as a waxy bump Occurs most often on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun (ex: face and neck) Treatment: surgical removal, radiation, cryosurgery 30

31 Skin Cancer Squamous cell carcinoma Develops in the thin, flat squamous cells that make up the epidermis. Occurs mostly on the scalp and lower lip. Grows rapidly/prognosis is good if found early Treatment: surgical removal or radiation 31

32 Skin cancer Malignant melanoma Is the most serious type of skin cancer. Develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin Spreads (metastasizes) to other areas quickly Cause: exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation Signs and symptoms: may appear as a brown irregular patch that appears suddenly; moles that ooze, bleed or itch; a change in an existing wart or mole; the development of a new pigmented or unusual-looking growth on your skin Treatment: surgical removal of the melanoma and chemotherapy 32

33 Skin lesions: Characteristics of the different skin lesions: 1)Macules flat spots on the skin (ex: freckles) 2) Papules firm raised areas (ex: pimples, chickenpox, syphilis) 3)Vesicles blisters or sacs of fluid (ex: seen in first stages of chickenpox) 4)Pustules sacs filled with pus (ex: acne, pimples) 5)Crusts areas of dried pus and blood (ex: scabs) 6)Ulcer deep loss of skin surface that extends into the dermis 33

34 Skin lesions: Macule Papule Ulcer Pustule Vesicle 34

35 Skin lesion: Decubitus ulcer/ pressure ulcer Bedsores that occur from constant sitting or lying in the same position without shifting weight Prevention: keep areas clean and dry, shift weight frequently, good skin care, regular skin inspections and good nutrition Treatment: frequent turning and relief of pressure on bony prominences, special cushions/pads/mattresses, keep sore clean and covered, antibiotic if needed for infection 35

36 warts - small, grainy skin growths that occur mainly on fingers or hands. Cause: human papilloma viral infections Spread through direct contact Prevention: good hygiene ( don t bite your nails, keep hands dry, don t pick at warts) There are many different types! 36

37 Alopeica Occurs when the normal hair is replaced by a very short transparent hair. 37

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