Contents. 1 Normal Anatomy Introduction... 17

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1 Contents 1 Normal Anatomy... 1 Introduction... 1 Surface Landmarks... 1 Oral Mucosa... 1 Tongue... 4 Floor of Mouth... 6 Palate... 7 Dentition... 7 Temporomandibular Joint... 9 Innervation Jaws and Teeth Tongue Muscles of Mastication and Facial Muscles Salivary Glands Lymphatics Sources Variants of Normal and Common Benign Conditions Introduction Physiologic Pigmentation Fordyce Granules Gingival Grafts Lingual Tonsil Fissured Tongue Geographic Tongue Median Rhomboid Glossitis Fibroma Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia Tori and Exostoses Ankyloglossia and Prominent Frenula Sources Diagnostic Tests and Studies Introduction Examination Culture Techniques Bacterial Cultures Fungal Cultures xi

2 xii Contents Viral Cultures Blood Tests Radiographic Studies Plain Films Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Other Imaging Studies Cytology Tissue Biopsy Adjuvant Tests Sources White Lesions Introduction Leukoedema Linea Alba Cheek Biting Hairy Tongue Oral Hairy Leukoplakia Nicotinic Stomatitis White Sponge Nevus Chemical Burn Exfoliative Cheilitis Sources Immune-Mediated and Allergic Conditions Introduction Angioedema Orofacial Granulomatosis Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma Aphthous Stomatitis Behcet Disease Erythema Multiforme Oral Lichen Planus Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Pemphigus Vulgaris Other Autoimmune Vesiculobullous Diseases Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita Linear IgA Disease Sources Pigmented Lesions Introduction Melanotic Lesions Melanotic Macule Pigmented Nevus Mucosal Melanoma Inflammatory Pigmentation... 82

3 Contents xiii Endocrine-Related Pigmentation Drug-Induced Pigmentation Nonmelanotic Pigmentation Amalgam Tattoo Heavy Metals Hemochromatosis Vascular Lesions Varix Hemangioma Pyogenic Granuloma Kaposi Sarcoma Other Sources Oral Infections Introduction Bacterial Infections Odontogenic Infections Parotitis Fungal Infections Oral Candidiasis Deep Fungal Infections Viral Infections Herpes Simplex Virus Varicella Zoster Virus Cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr Virus Human Papilloma Virus Enterovirus Sources Salivary Gland Disease Introduction Mucus Extravasation and Retention Phenomena Mucocele Ranula Mucus Retention Cyst Sialadenitis Sialolithiasis Necrotizing Sialometaplasia Sialadenosis (Sialosis) Xerostomia Sjögren Syndrome Iatrogenic Neoplasia Benign Tumors Malignant Tumors Sources

4 xiv Contents 9 Oral Cancer Introduction Epidemiology Risk Factors Tobacco Alcohol Sun Exposure Betel Viral Immunosuppression Nutrition Sanguinaria Other High-Risk Sites Tongue Lip Floor of Mouth Signs and Symptoms Squamous Cell Carcinoma Verrucous Carcinoma Histopathology Terminology and Definitions Biopsy Considerations Potentially Malignant Lesions Actinic Cheilitis (Sailor s Lip; Solar Cheilitis) Leukoplakia Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia Tobacco Pouch Keratosis Oral Submucous Fibrosis Erythroplakia Oral Lichen Planus Cancer Staging Treatment Sources Orofacial Pain Conditions Introduction Odontogenic Pain Myofascial and Temporomandibular Joint Pain History and Examination Treatment Atypical Facial Pain Trigeminal Neuralgia Burning Mouth Syndrome Sources

5 Contents xv 11 Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disease Introduction Immune-Mediated Diseases Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Progressive Systemic Sclerosis IgG4 Disease Gastrointestinal Disorders Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gardner Syndrome Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Granulomatous Diseases Wegener Granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Orofacial Granulomatosis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hematologic Disorders Anemia Thrombocytopenia Cyclic Neutropenia Malignancy Lymphomas Leukemias Metastatic Solid Tumors Cowden Syndrome Jaundice Sources Oral Sequelae of Cancer Therapy Introduction Principles of Dental Screening and Basic Oral Care Principles of Dental Screening Basic Oral Care Surgery Functional Deficits Neurologic Deficits Cosmetic Deficits Chemotherapy General Considerations Bleeding Infection Pain Dysguesia and Dysphagia Targeted Therapy Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors Multi-Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Antiresorptive Therapies Radiation Therapy

6 xvi Contents General Considerations Mucositis Xerostomia Dysguesia, Trismus, Dental Caries Osteoradionecrosis Dysphagia Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Secondary Malignancy Pediatric Oncology Considerations Summary Sources Prescribing Guidelines for Commonly Used Medications Inflammatory Conditions Topical Immunomodulatory Agents Systemic Immunomodulatory Agents Infectious Conditions Antibacterial Agents Antiviral Agents Antifungal Agents Salivary Gland Hypofunction Sialogogues Fluoride Pain Conditions Nonsteroidal Anti- inflammatory Agents Anticonvulsants Tricyclic Antidepressants Topical Analgesics Index

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