Self-Powered Biosensors Using Various Light. Sources in Daily Life Environments: Integration of. p-n Heterojunction Photodetectors and Colorimetric

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1 Supporting Information Self-Powered Biosensors Using Various Light Sources in Daily Life Environments: Integration of p-n Heterojunction Photodetectors and Colorimetric Reactions for Biomolecule Kihyeun Kim, Hyeonghun Kim, Hyungjun Jang, Jiyoon Park, Gun-Young Jung * and Min- Gon Kim * Department of Chemistry and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 615, Republic of Korea Corresponding Author *Min-Gon Kim (mkim@gist.ac.kr) *Gun-Young Jung (gyjung@gist.ac.kr) S-1

2 Figure S1. Customized sensor cases produced by 3D printer. Left and right are the cases for the detection part and reaction part, respectively. S-2

3 Absorbance (a.u.) mg ml -1.1 mg ml -1.1 mg ml -1 1 mg ml Wavelength (nm) Figure S2. Absorbance of the result of colorimetric reaction towards,.1,.1 and 1 mg ml -1 glucose. S-3

4 (a) Substrate cleaning IGZO sputtering Ag electrode deposition Ag Bottom electrode attachment Final device Bottom electrode attachment Final device Cu tape Attach Ag paste (b) Cu tapex1 K Attach 3 nm Ag paste 2 nm (c) E f = 4.2 ev Χ = 4.7 ev Ag E g = 3.1 ev E vacuum Χ = 4.5 ev E c E g = 1.12 ev E v (d) Figure S3. (a) Schematic illustration for fabrication of self-powered photodetectors. (b) Crosssectional SEM image of 3 nm IGZO thin film on Si substrate. (c) Band diagram of Ag,, and. (d) Photocurrent of / heterojunction photodetector at zero bias under 63 nm laser (.1 mw). S-4

5 (a) Fluorescent light (b) Intensity (a.u.) Wavelength (nm) Figure S4. (a) Actual digital image of fluorescent light in our laboratory and (b) its emission spectrum. S-5

6 Glucose Colorimetric reaction Photocurrent change Figure S5. Schematic illustration of two identical self-powered photodetectors and PDMS vessels in the 3D printed cases. One device is used as a control, the other as glucose detection. S-6

7 (a) 12 ⅰ 8.1 mg ml -1.1 mg ml mg ml ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ 1 mg ml ⅴ mg ml mg ml Figure S6. Repeated measurement of photocurrent as a function of glucose concentration in DI water under sunlight at different times (a-c)..1 mg ml mg ml mg ml mg ml ⅰ 1 mg ml mg ml ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ ⅴ (b) ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ ⅴ (c) mg ml mg ml mg ml S-7

8 Current ( A) sun.1 sun.1 sun Figure S7. Photocurrent measurement under illumination conditions with.1,.1, and.1 sun. The illumination intensity was controlled by an ND filter and photocurrent was measured by the SANEI solar simulator (Class A). This experiment was conducted to quantify the operative sunlight intensity for self-powered biosensors. Photocurrents of the self-powered photodetectors changed in accordance with the sunlight intensity, as shown in Figure S7. Photocurrent under illumination condition with.1 sun (minimum value being measured by the SANEI solar simulator, Class A) was measured at approximately 6 na. Thus, an illumination of.1 sun is high enough to operate selfpowered biosensors. S-8

9 Table S1. Glucose concentration in 1% real human samples. Glucose concentration (mg ml 1 ) Pooled normal human saliva Pooled normal human urine Human serum S-9