Animal Phylogeny. Phylum Arthropoda

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Animal Phylogeny. Phylum Arthropoda"

Transcription

1 Animal Phylogeny sponges Cnidaria Echinodermata & Chordata Platyhelminthes Molluska & Annelida Nematoda & Arthropoda tissues Deuterostomes Protostomes molting Phylum Arthropoda Insects, crustaceans, spiders, etc. Aquatic or Terrestrial; HUGE number of species 20 million +. Bilateral. Triploblastic; coelomate. Two digestive openings. Ventral nerve cord. Grow by molting (shedding exoskeleton). Exoskeleton with chitin. Jointed appendages. Phylum Arthropoda Open circulatory system = blood not always in vessels; in open spaces around organs Body plan = segments with jointed appendages (often specialized)

2 Generalized Arthropod Insect Spider

3 Arthropod Groups Trilobites = aquatic; extinct Arachnids = spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions Crustaceans = crabs, shrimps, barnacles, rollie pollies Myriapods = centipedes & millipedes Insects Insects Insects = million species -Head, Thorax, & Abdomen Organophosphate Resistance in Mosquitoes [ Evolution Explosion ] Environment Org.phos. susceptible insect Org.phos. resistant insect Organophosphates present Dead; made few esterases, org.phos. damages nerves Alive; makes many esterases = Reproduces slowly Adaptive Trade-Off Organophosphates absent Alive; makes few esterases = Reproduces rapidly Alive; makes many esterases = Reproduces slowly

4 Bt Toxin Resistance in Insects [ Evolution Explosion ] Environment Bt susceptible insect Bt resistant insect Bt toxin present Dead; normal intestinal receptors, Bt damages intestine Alive; resistant intestinal receptors = Reproduces slowly Adaptive Trade-Off No Bt toxin present Alive; normal intestinal receptors = Reproduces rapidly Alive; resistant intestinal receptors = Reproduces slowly Evolution Explosion Questions What do companies that make Btcrops require farmers to do to counteract the evolution of resistance? Cockroaches have been shown to evolve resistance very easily. How are cockroaches controlled in a way that makes evol. of resistance less likely? Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila; the fruit fly Small true fly; feeds on fruits. Genetics & Development well known Egg Larva (maggot) Pupa Adult

5 Animal Phylogeny sponges Cnidaria Echinodermata & Chordata Platyhelminthes Molluska & Annelida Nematoda & Arthropoda tissues molting Deuterostomes Echinoderms and Chordates When present - dorsal nerve cord. Internal skeletons. Prominent coelom. Similar development. Animal Phylogeny sponges Cnidaria Echinodermata & Chordata Platyhelminthes Molluska & Annelida Nematoda & Arthropoda tissues Deuterostomes Protostomes Deuterostomes Protostomes molting

6 Phylum Echinodermata Star fish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sea lilies ALL marine. Bilateral as larvae. Radial as adults (usually based on 5). Triploblastic; coelomate Two digestive tract openings. Endoskeleton (CaCO 3 ). Water vascular system with tube feet. Echinoderms Urchin Development BILATERAL juvenile larva RADIAL

7 Animal Phylogeny sponges Cnidaria Echinodermata & Chordata Platyhelminthes Molluska & Annelida Nematoda & Arthropoda tissues Deuterostomes Protostomes molting Phylum Chordata Vertebrates, sea squirts, and lancelets Aquatic or Terrestrial. Bilateral. Triploblastic, coelomate. Two digestive tract openings. Dorsal nerve cord. Chordate Derived Characters Notochord = stiff mesoderm rod; runs length of body Dorsal nerve tube = Nerve tube near dorsal surface, dorsal to notochord Pharyngeal slits = openings to throat on side of body (gill slits). Post-anal tail = notochord, nerve cord, etc. extend beyond anus.

8 Chordate Derived Characters brain dorsal nerve tube spinal cord post-anal tail pharyngeal slits notochord anus Lancelets Aquatic, Susp. Feeders Obvious muscle segments = somites Motile Lancelet Development Neurulation in chordates involves the formation of neural tube by infolding of ectoderm above the notochord. Neural tube forms spinal cord & brain.

9 Lancelet Neurulation Vertebrates Aquatic & Terrestrial, Motile Distinct muscle segments = somites Dorsal brain. Endoskeleton (with CaPO 4 ). Vertebrae - around notochord and dorsal nerve cord ( backbone ) Neural crest tissue mobile ectodermal developmental tissue, forms part of nervous system (& other things) Vertebrate Neurulation & Neural Crest Cells

10 Vertebrate Development Vertebra Somites in Vertebrate Embryo Mouse Chicken

11 Segmentation in Adult Humans human segmentation Lampreys Jawless Vertebrates Jawless Vertebrate mouth gill openings

12 Jawed Vertebrate mouth upper jaw gill openings Human Embryo Jawed Vertebrates

13 Environment Large size, late maturity Small size, early maturity Size Evolution in Fishes [ Evolution Explosion ] Heavy fishing Most individuals killed before reproducing Most individuals reproduce before being killed Adaptive Trade-Off Low-no fishing Large size when reproducing = more eggs each time Small size when reproducing = fewer eggs each time Evolution Explosion Questions What life history characteristics are selected for when individuals are in an environment where d is high? What life history characteristics are selected for when individuals are in an environment where d is low? Danio rerio Zebrafish; zebra danio Small fish (minnow from India) Genetics & Development well known Transparent embryos

14 Xenopus laevis African clawed frog; aquatic frog Aquatic adults (from Africa) Genetics & Development well known Gallus gallus Chicken; chick Medium sized bird (from Southeast Asia) Development well known Mus musculus House mouse Small rodent (from Eurasia) Genetics & Development well known

15 Rattus norvegicus Rat, Norway rat Rodent (from Eurasia) similar to but larger than the house mouse Genetics & Development well known Homo sapiens Human Large primate (from Africa originally) Genetics & Development well known Model Organisms Escherichia coli - bacterium Arabidopsis thaliana - plant Saccharomyces cerevisiae - fungus Neurospora crassa - fungus Caenorhabditis elegans - animal Drosophila melanogaster - animal Danio rerio - animal Xenopus laevis - animal Gallus gallus - animal Mus musculus - animal Rattus norvegicus - animal

16 Energy Storage & Structure Group of Organisms Bacteria - Plants - Fungi - Animals - Extra Glucose Storage no specific molecule Starch Glycogen Glycogen Structural Molecules Peptidoglycan in Cell Wall (made from glucose & protein) Cellulose in Cell Walls (made from glucose) Chitin in Cell Walls (made from glucose) No Cell Walls; Collagen (a protein) Outside of Cells Animal Anatomy Tissues = groups of cells with a similar structure & common function. Organs = group of cells of various tissue types grouped together into specialized centers of function Organ Systems = groups of organs that together carry out major functions Animal Tissues Epithelial = sheet(s) of cells on a sheet of collagen fibers that cover surfaces Connective = sparse cells in an extracellular matrix (usually with collagen) that bind and supports other tissues Nervous = neurons and supporting cells that send electrical signals Muscle = long contractile cells arranged in bundles

17 Animal Tissues Epithelial Tissue Basement membrane = mat of extracellular collagen under epithelium Simple epithelium = 1 layer of cells Stratified epithelium = >1 layer of cells Squamous epithelium = thin flattened cells; cover surfaces Cuboidal epithelium = cells about as wide as tall; secretory or absorptive Columnar epithelium = tall cylindrical cells; secretory or absorptive Epithelial Tissue

18 Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue = cells in a loose mesh of collagen and elastin fibers Adipose tissue = with cells used to store fat (FAT TISSUE) Fibrous connective tissue = cells in dense parallel collagen and elastin fibers (TENDONS and LIGAMENTS) Cartilage = cells (chondrocytes) in a collagen and chondroitin sulfate Bone = cells (osteocytes) in collagen and calcium phosphate (CaPO 4 ) Connective Tissues loose fibrous cartilage bone Blood Blood = cells in a liquid matrix (plasma) Plasma = fluid matrix of blood Most blood cells formed in bone marrow Erythrocytes = (Red Blood Cells) transport O 2 using hemoglobin (lack nuclei in mammals) Leukocytes = (White Blood Cells) fight infection (many kinds of cells) Platelets = promote blood clotting to seal wounds

19 Blood platelet plasma erythrocyte leukocyte Nervous Tissue Neurons = cells with long processes; transmit electrical signal then release a chemical (neurotransmitter) Glial cells = cells that surround neurons for protection, for nutrition, or contain myelin Neuron functional unit of the nervous system cell body axon myelin under a glial cell dendrite synapse

20 Neuron functional unit of the nervous system electrical signal Neurotransmitter Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle = voluntary muscles Cardiac muscle = involuntary muscles that form the wall of the heart Smooth muscle = involuntary muscles that form the walls of the intestine, bladder, arteries, and other organs

21 Muscle Tissue Homeostasis & Regulation Homeostasis = maintenance of stable internal conditions (within a range). EXAMPLE - Pancreas secretes hormones that regulate blood glucose concentration. Glucagon = signals liver cells to break up glycogen to release sugar. Insulin = signals body cells to absorb sugar AND signals liver cells to absorb sugar and store it as glycogen. Blood Glucose Regulation High blood glucose = pancreas cells secrete insulin. Insulin directs body cells and liver cells to absorb sugar. Liver cells store much glucose by converting it to glycogen reduces blood glucose. Low blood glucose = pancreas cells secrete glucagon. Glucagon directs liver cells to dismantle glycogen to release glucose increases blood glucose.

22 Glucose Regulation Problems with Glucose Reg. Hyperglycemia = high blood glucose. Damages blood vessels, can lead to blindness or ulceration of extremities leading to amputation. Hypoglycemia = low blood glucose. Not enough energy to cells (including brain cells), can lead to loss of consciousness and then coma. Clinical Hypoglycemia = Pancreas over-reacts to high glucose secreting too much insulin. The liver stores too much glucose causing hypoglycemia. Usually treated with diet regulation. Problems with Glucose Reg. Type I Diabetes = insulin producing pancreas cells die (during childhood). Cannot direct liver to store glucose. Need insulin shots. Type II Diabetes = liver cells develop a reduced sensitivity to insulin with age. Liver does not respond well to insulin when blood glucose is high. Dietary management or insulin shots.

Outline. Bio 105: Tissues Laboratory. Organization of the Human Body. Tissue - Epithelium. Tissues 3/2/ Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc

Outline. Bio 105: Tissues Laboratory. Organization of the Human Body. Tissue - Epithelium. Tissues 3/2/ Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc Outline Bio 105: Tissues Laboratory Laboratory 5 Reading: Chapter 4 I. Cell to cell contact II. Body Cavities III. Membranes IV. Homeostasis V. Integumentary System I. Includes skin, hair and nails 1 2

More information

Epithelial Tissues. Types of Epithelial Tissues: Lining of Kidney

Epithelial Tissues. Types of Epithelial Tissues: Lining of Kidney Epithelial Tissues Covers the entire body surface and most of the body s inner cavities Outer epidermis (skin) protects from injury and drying out Inner epidermal tissue (on internal surfaces) often serves

More information

Unit II: Tissues and Integumentary System

Unit II: Tissues and Integumentary System Unit II: Tissues and Integumentary System 2.1 - Tissues Chapter 4 Written Response #1 1. What is a tissue? 2. What are four major types of tissues? Tissue Definition: a group or mass of similar cells working

More information

B. Classification of epithelium: by number of cell layers present and by shape of the superficial cell layers.

B. Classification of epithelium: by number of cell layers present and by shape of the superficial cell layers. I. Introduction - tissue: group of cells that are closely associated, similar in structure and function, and perform a common or related function. - four primary tissues: epithelial tissue, connective

More information

Lesson 9A Tissues in Animals

Lesson 9A Tissues in Animals Lesson 9A Tissues in Animals Levels of Organization in the Human Body Similar types of cells Different types of tissues Different organs Many organ systems cell tissue organ organ system organism Levels

More information

Name: Test Date: Chapter 4- Tissues. Use the choices to identify the major tissue types found below:

Name: Test Date: Chapter 4- Tissues. Use the choices to identify the major tissue types found below: Name: Test Date: Chapter 4- Tissues Use the choices to identify the major tissue types found below: A. Connective B. Epithelium C. Muscle D. Nervous 1. B Lines body cavities and covers the body s external

More information

Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #19 Animals II Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Chordata

Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #19 Animals II Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Chordata Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #19 Animals II Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Chordata BE SURE TO CAREFULLY READ THE INTRODUCTION PRIOR TO ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS!!! You will need to refer

More information

Epithelial Tissue. Simple Cuboidal Function: secretion and absorption. Simple Squamous

Epithelial Tissue. Simple Cuboidal Function: secretion and absorption. Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue General Functions: Lines and covers organs Absorbs / secretes substances Gas exchange Protection Special Characteristics: - have an apical surface on top - have a basement membrane below

More information

Anatomy & Homeostasis. Unit 5

Anatomy & Homeostasis. Unit 5 Anatomy & Homeostasis Unit 5 Main Ideas discuss with a buddy 2 What is Homeostasis? How is homeostasis different in single-celled organisms vs. multicellular organisms? What unique challenges to maintaining

More information

Lab Animal Tissue. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To understand the relationship between the structure and function of different animal tissues

Lab Animal Tissue. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To understand the relationship between the structure and function of different animal tissues Name: Bio A.P. PURPOSE: HYPOTHESIS: NONE Lab Animal Tissue BACKGROUND: In animals, groups of closely related cells specialized to perform the same function are called tissues. There are four general classes

More information

Chapter 20 UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Chapter 20 UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Chapter 20 UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION I. Life is based on many structural levels Levels of animal structure: Atoms and molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism: May

More information

Lab 1 ANIMAL TISSUES

Lab 1 ANIMAL TISSUES Lab 1 ANIMAL TISSUES Levels of Organization Animals are multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls. Most animals exhibit a hierarchical level of organization: Cells are organized into tissues

More information

Histology. Study of body tissues

Histology. Study of body tissues Histology Study of body tissues 2 Introduction to Body Tissues 1. Composed of specialized cells of similar structure and perform a common function 2. Four major types (4 Cs) a. Epithelial - Cover b. Connective

More information

Tissues and Structures to Know for the Lab Practical

Tissues and Structures to Know for the Lab Practical Ch. 3 - Cells and Tissues Tissues and Structures to Know for the Lab Practical Miss School, Miss Out! Simple squamous epithelium line and cover; site of diffusion Simple squamous epithelium apical surface

More information

Tissues and Membranes

Tissues and Membranes I. In the Beginning a. Egg + sperm! Tissues and Membranes b. 1 cell divides to make 2, 2 divide to make 4, 4 divide to make 8, and then? c. d. e. Totipotent: f. Pluripotent: II. III. Tissues a. Tissues

More information

Study of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and

Study of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and CHAPTER 4 Study of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and recognize normal tissues under the microscope

More information

Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 4 Outline Tissues and Membranes

Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 4 Outline Tissues and Membranes Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 4 Outline Tissues and Membranes 1 Tissue group of cells with similar structure and function o 4 major groups epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve Epithelial tissue (Fig

More information

Tissues Chapter 5...Tissue - a group or mass of similar cells working together to perform certain common functions

Tissues Chapter 5...Tissue - a group or mass of similar cells working together to perform certain common functions Tissues Chapter 5...Tissue - a group or mass of similar cells working together to perform certain common functions There are 4 major types of tissue Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous 1. Epithelial Tissue

More information

Body Tissues. Cells are specialized for particular functions Tissues - groups of cells with similar structure. and function Four primary tissue types:

Body Tissues. Cells are specialized for particular functions Tissues - groups of cells with similar structure. and function Four primary tissue types: Chapter 3 Tissues Body Tissues Cells are specialized for particular functions Tissues - groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary tissue types: Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous

More information

TISSUE. A group of cells that perform a similar function within an organism. Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous CREDITS

TISSUE. A group of cells that perform a similar function within an organism. Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous CREDITS TISSUE A group of cells that perform a similar function within an organism. Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous CREDITS Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous Epithelium Composed of a layer of cells. Lines

More information

Hole s Human Anatomy and Physiology

Hole s Human Anatomy and Physiology Hole s Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 5 Tissues Four major tissue types 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous 2 Epithelial Tissues General characteristics - cover organs and the body

More information

Arthropods & Echinoderms

Arthropods & Echinoderms Arthropods & Echinoderms Introduction to the Arthropods Phylum Arthropoda : arthron means joint: poda means foot (jointed foot) Insects, crabs, centipedes & spiders Have a segmented body, a tough exoskeleton

More information

Chapter 5. Tissues. 4 Types of Body Tissues. Tissues

Chapter 5. Tissues. 4 Types of Body Tissues. Tissues Chapter 5 Tissues Tissues Tissues - groups of cells that are similar in structure & function RBC, WBC, & platelets are a group of cells working together to form BLOOD tissue Histology Pathohistology study

More information

Use for reference if needed:

Use for reference if needed: A- 2.5 Describe how structure and function are related in terms of cell and tissue types. I can recognize different types of body tissue. I can explain how different tissue structures affect their functions.

More information

They cells can not function death.

They cells can not function death. Jenna Hellack Jan 2001 Tissues What do you think happens when the cells use up their food and oxygen before there is time to replenish it? They cells can not function death. Blood Cell Cancer cell Plant

More information

Basic Histology. By Mrs. Bailey

Basic Histology. By Mrs. Bailey Basic Histology By Mrs. Bailey Primary Tissues 1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue 3. Muscle Tissue 4. Nervous Tissue Very cellular Supported by underlying connective tissue Epithelial & connective

More information

Tissues 10/21/2016. Epithelial Tissue

Tissues 10/21/2016. Epithelial Tissue Tissues This is a generalized cell diagram. It shows the anatomy of a cell, but most cells do not actually look like this. Cells can have a wide variety of shapes and sizes, depending on their function.

More information

Tissues. Group of cells that are similar in structure and function. 4 primary types. Epithelium (covering) Connective (support) Nervous(control)

Tissues. Group of cells that are similar in structure and function. 4 primary types. Epithelium (covering) Connective (support) Nervous(control) Tissues Tissues Group of cells that are similar in structure and function 4 primary types Epithelium (covering) Connective (support) Nervous(control) Epithelial tissue (epithelium) Lining, covering, and

More information

Anatomy &- Physiology Histology Worksheet

Anatomy &- Physiology Histology Worksheet Anatomy &- Physiology Histology Worksheet 1. The four primary tissue types found in the human body are a) squamous, cuboidal, columnar, glandular b) adipose, elastic, reticular, cartilage c) skeletal,

More information

Anatomy and Physiology Tissue Review

Anatomy and Physiology Tissue Review Anatomy and Physiology Tissue Review OVERVIEW Histology practicals can be rough, especially when access to slides is limited to the lab period. This resource provides an opportunity to learn or review

More information

Epithelia of Coverings and Linings. Tissues. Tissue

Epithelia of Coverings and Linings. Tissues. Tissue Tissue Tissues Chapter 3 Definition an aggregation of cells in which each cooperates with all others in the performance of a given function Examples of general functions Movement Protection Support Production

More information

Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

Introduction to the Animal Kingdom Warm-up Introduction to the Animal Kingdom What characteristics are common to all animals? Eukaryotic cells NO cell wall Multicellular Cell specialization Heterotrophic Reproduction/Development Categories

More information

Section B: Epithelial Tissue 1. Where are epithelial tissues found within the body? 2. What are the functions of the epithelial tissues?

Section B: Epithelial Tissue 1. Where are epithelial tissues found within the body? 2. What are the functions of the epithelial tissues? Tissue worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Histology Cells are the smallest units of life. In complex organisms, cells group together with one another based on similar structure and function to form tissues.

More information

Biology 5-1: Animal Systems I

Biology 5-1: Animal Systems I Name: Period: Biology 5-1: Animal Systems I Assignments: Description Page(s) Due Date 1 Biology 4 th & 5 th Six Weeks MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY Feb 9 10 11 12 13 Review for Test Test - Classification

More information

Human anatomy Unit III. Tissue

Human anatomy Unit III. Tissue Human anatomy Unit III Tissue Definition of Tissues Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. In other words, it is a group of cells

More information

Chapter 1: Cells and Tissues

Chapter 1: Cells and Tissues Chapter 1: Cells and Tissues Cells and Tissues Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life Cells are the building blocks of all living things Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in

More information

NOTES: CH 40 Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology

NOTES: CH 40 Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology NOTES: CH 40 Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology THE HUMAN BODY Anatomy Physiology (= structures) (= functions or processes) Characteristics of LIFE: 1) Made up of 1 or more CELLS. 2) Obtain and

More information

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization Tissue The Tissue Level of Organization Chapter 3 Definition an aggregation of cells in which each cooperates with all others in the performance of a given function Examples of general functions Movement

More information

THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION PART I: EPITHELIAL TISSUE

THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION PART I: EPITHELIAL TISSUE THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION PART I: EPITHELIAL TISSUE 4 Main Tissue Types Epithelium Covers surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands Connective Tissue Support and protects body Muscular Tissue Movement

More information

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Definitions A tissue is a unified mass of similar cells and the intercellular materials that bind them together, which are allied to perform a specific function(s). An

More information

Body Tissues Pearson Education, Inc.

Body Tissues Pearson Education, Inc. Body Tissues Tissues Groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary types: Epithelial tissue (epithelium).1 Connective tissue.2 Muscle tissue.3 Nervous tissue.4 Epithelial Tissues Locations:

More information

3/26/2013. Form and function are related. Evolution of Animal Size and Shape. Mouth. Gastrovascul cavity. Exchange. Exchange. Exchange. 0.1 mm.

3/26/2013. Form and function are related. Evolution of Animal Size and Shape. Mouth. Gastrovascul cavity. Exchange. Exchange. Exchange. 0.1 mm. 100 m Form and function are related Mouth Evolution of Animal Size and Shape Penguin Seal Exchange Gastrovascul cavity Exchange Exchange 0.1 mm 1 mm Tuna (a) Single cell (b) Two layers of cells Increased

More information

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Squamous Epithelium Histology Simple Squamous Epithelium One layer of flattened cells. Protective characteristics are diminished because of this. Examples: Alveoli in the lungs Capillaries where diffusion of nutrients and

More information

A. cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure. B. extracellular material - made by cells and secreted into interstitial space

A. cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure. B. extracellular material - made by cells and secreted into interstitial space I. tissue components A. cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure B. extracellular material - made by cells and secreted into interstitial space II. tissue types A. epithelium (e.)

More information

ANIMAL ORGANIZATION, HOMEOSTASIS, AND THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. Chapter 31

ANIMAL ORGANIZATION, HOMEOSTASIS, AND THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. Chapter 31 ANIMAL ORGANIZATION, HOMEOSTASIS, AND THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Chapter 31 Tissue Tissues are groups of similar cells performing similar functions Organs are groups of tissues performing a specialized function

More information

Tissues. groups of cells similar in structure and function 4 types. epithelium connective muscle nervous

Tissues. groups of cells similar in structure and function 4 types. epithelium connective muscle nervous Tissues groups of cells similar in structure and function 4 types epithelium connective muscle nervous Epithelial Tissue lining covering glandular Functions protection absorption filtration secretion Epithelium

More information

What is a tissue? Points to ponder. Tissues Connective Tissue. 1. Connective tissue 2/23/2019. Organization and Regulation of Body Systems

What is a tissue? Points to ponder. Tissues Connective Tissue. 1. Connective tissue 2/23/2019. Organization and Regulation of Body Systems Organization and Regulation of Body Systems Chapter 04 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education.

More information

Tissues organs system organism. pg151

Tissues organs system organism. pg151 Histology is the study of tissues A TISSUE is a group of cells, usually of one kind, & their intercellular substance (e.g. intercellular matrix in animal) which are linked together & perform a particular

More information

Tissues are: group of similar or identical cells that share a common function. used to build organs

Tissues are: group of similar or identical cells that share a common function. used to build organs Tissues: Four classes Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous Tissues are: group of similar or identical cells that share a common function. used to build organs Overview: Epithelial o Line body cavities

More information

Unit I Problem 9 Histology: Basic Tissues of The Body

Unit I Problem 9 Histology: Basic Tissues of The Body Unit I Problem 9 Histology: Basic Tissues of The Body - What is the difference between cytology and histology? Cytology: it is the study of the structure and functions of cells and their contents. Histology:

More information

24.1 Arthropod Diversity. KEY CONCEPT Arthropods are the most diverse of all animals.

24.1 Arthropod Diversity. KEY CONCEPT Arthropods are the most diverse of all animals. KEY CONCEPT Arthropods are the most diverse of all animals. Arthropod features are highly adapted. Arthropods are invertebrates that share several features. exoskeleton (cuticle) made of chitin jointed

More information

HOLE S ANATOMY CHAPTER 5, PART II Lecture notes

HOLE S ANATOMY CHAPTER 5, PART II Lecture notes HOLE S ANATOMY CHAPTER 5, PART II Lecture notes I. Connective Tissue A. Structure 1. have few cells that are spaced apart and can divide; two categories: a. fixed cells cells that are present in tissue

More information

Histology 101! !! Name:! Block: Identify and describe the functions of major tissue types including their subclasses and varieties!

Histology 101! !! Name:! Block: Identify and describe the functions of major tissue types including their subclasses and varieties! Histology 101 Identify and describe the functions of major tissue types including their subclasses and varieties Name: Block: "1 Introduction to Tissues Histology Notes Tissue (living fabric) : groups

More information

Rapid Learning Center Presents. Teach Yourself AP Biology in 24 Hours. Animal Form. AP Biology Rapid Learning Series

Rapid Learning Center Presents. Teach Yourself AP Biology in 24 Hours. Animal Form. AP Biology Rapid Learning Series Rapid Learning Center Chemistry :: Biology :: Physics :: Math Rapid Learning Center Presents Teach Yourself AP Biology in 24 Hours *AP is a registered trademark of the College Board, which does not endorse,

More information

Tissue = groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

Tissue = groups of cells that are similar in structure and function Tissue = groups of cells that are similar in structure and function Types Epithelial - covering Connective - support Muscle - movement Nervous - control Membranes line body cavities and hold organs together

More information

Introduction to Types of Body Tissue Putting it All Together. Packet #12

Introduction to Types of Body Tissue Putting it All Together. Packet #12 Introduction to Types of Body Tissue Putting it All Together Packet #12 Introduction Body Tissues Tissues Groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary types Epithelial tissue (epithelium)

More information

CHAPTER 2 Tissue Types and Functions

CHAPTER 2 Tissue Types and Functions CHAPTER 2 Tissue Types and Functions Answers to Review Questions 1. Define any 10 of the following terms: tissue a collection of cells organized for a particular function organs collections of tissue displaced

More information

HISTOLOGY. Simple squamal lungs

HISTOLOGY. Simple squamal lungs HISTOLOGY Lab Objectives: Students should be able to... 1. Visually identify each class of tissue and examples within each class 2. Indicate the location (in the human body and/or organ) and function of

More information

Note: Exercise 1 should be completed before your assigned lab time.

Note: Exercise 1 should be completed before your assigned lab time. Keying and Animal Taxonomy Lab Learning Objectives: 1 - Become familiar with the construction of an identification key 2 - Accurately use a key to identify unknowns 3 - Accurately apply common name, phylum

More information

UNIT 4 T I S S U E S

UNIT 4 T I S S U E S UNIT 4 T I S S U E S WHAT IS A TISSUE Group of cells that work together to do a function Cells are similar Extracellular fluid around them is similar Histology EPITHELIAL TISSUE Also called epithelium

More information

A Single Neuron from the Brain

A Single Neuron from the Brain Nervous Tissue A Single Neuron from the Brain Dendrites Cell Body Axon Nerve cells, called neurons, transmit signals throughout our bodies. These signals tell our bodies what to do. Dendrites transmit

More information

Biology 115 Lab 8. Vertebrate Histology and Skeleton

Biology 115 Lab 8. Vertebrate Histology and Skeleton Biology 115 Lab 8. Vertebrate Histology and Skeleton Animal Tissues Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure and function. The study of tissues is called histology. Tissues can be classified

More information

TISSUES. Objectives. Tissues

TISSUES. Objectives. Tissues TISSUES Objectives Introduce the four major types of tissues Describe the general characteristics and functions of epithelial & connective tissue Name the major types of epithelial & connective tissues

More information

Epithelial Tissue lining, covering, glandular tissue > Function protect, absorption, filtration, secretion, excretion

Epithelial Tissue lining, covering, glandular tissue > Function protect, absorption, filtration, secretion, excretion Chapter 4: TISSUES IX. Tissues Intro Epithelial Tissue lining, covering, glandular tissue > Function protect, absorption, filtration, secretion, excretion Connective Tissue most widespread tissue type

More information

29-2 Form and Function in Invertebrates Slide 1 of 52

29-2 Form and Function in Invertebrates Slide 1 of 52 29-2 Form and Function in 1 of 52 How do different invertebrate phyla carry out life functions? 2 of 52 Feeding and Digestion Feeding and Digestion The simplest animals break down food primarily through

More information

A. Incorrect! Axons covey messages from the cell body of the neuron. D. Correct! Dendrites convey messages to the cell body of the neuron.

A. Incorrect! Axons covey messages from the cell body of the neuron. D. Correct! Dendrites convey messages to the cell body of the neuron. CLEP Biology - Problem Drill 14: Animal Form No. 1 of 10 1. The branches of a neuron receiving information from another cell and which transmit the message to the cell body are called? (A) (B) (C) (D)

More information

Levels of Organization. Chapter 19 6/11/2012. Homeostasis & Organization of the animal body. 4 Primary Tissues

Levels of Organization. Chapter 19 6/11/2012. Homeostasis & Organization of the animal body. 4 Primary Tissues Levels of Organization Chapter 19 Homeostasis & Organization of the animal body Chemical Cellular Tissue Organs System Level Organismic 1-2 4 Primary Tissues 1. Epithelial Tissue: covers surfaces lines

More information

Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels Cells Location Function Simple squamous epithelium Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and

More information

Tissues. How do cells form tissues?

Tissues. How do cells form tissues? Tissues How do cells form tissues? Using cell junctions Tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Epithelial Tissue Closely packed cells in continuous sheets connected by

More information

8/30/2017. Tissue: The Living Fabric. 4.3 Connective Tissue

8/30/2017. Tissue: The Living Fabric. 4.3 Connective Tissue Chapter 4 Part B Tissue: The Living Fabric Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College 4.3 Connective Tissue Connective tissue

More information

Key underlined answers are the correct answers

Key underlined answers are the correct answers Key underlined answers are the correct answers 1) In the diagram above: a) fetal hemoglobin has a higher oxygen affinity than adult hemoglobin b) oxygen saturation is 0% when oxygen levels are high (above

More information

Cells and Tissues 3PART D. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College

Cells and Tissues 3PART D. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Cells and Tissues 3PART D Connective Tissue Found everywhere in the body Includes the most abundant

More information

Chapter 3 Notes Parts th Grade Science Mrs. Tracy Tomm

Chapter 3 Notes Parts th Grade Science Mrs. Tracy Tomm Chapter 3 Notes Parts 1-2 8 th Grade Science Mrs. Tracy Tomm Section 3.1 Notes - Animal Classification 1. VERTEBRATES have a backbone made of bone or cartilage, while INVERTEBRATES have no backbone. 2.

More information

d SIMPLE EPITHELIA Top view Side view

d SIMPLE EPITHELIA Top view Side view Chapter Two I UPLANd I 23 Cells, Tissues, and Integument me lea SIMPLE EPITHELIA There are four types of tissues in humans and these make up all of the organs and binding material in the body. Epithelial

More information

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions

More information

Cells and Tissues. Lesson 2.1: Molecules of Life Lesson 2.2: Cells Lesson 2.3: Tissues

Cells and Tissues. Lesson 2.1: Molecules of Life Lesson 2.2: Cells Lesson 2.3: Tissues 2 Cells and Tissues Lesson 2.1: Molecules of Life Lesson 2.2: Cells Lesson 2.3: Tissues Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues Lesson 2.1 Molecules of Life Molecules of Life carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic

More information

Bodies and Systems. What is your body made of?

Bodies and Systems. What is your body made of? What is your body made of? You might say that you are made of organs like skin and a heart. You might say that you are made of tissue, cells, or even atoms. All these answers are correct. Multicellular

More information

Connexons: hollow connective tubes

Connexons: hollow connective tubes Chapter 3 1. tight junctions: like a zipper, these junctions hold the cells tightly together making them impermeable to the extracellular fluid that surrounds them. 2. desmosomes: like buttons, these

More information

What is histology? HISTOLOGY

What is histology? HISTOLOGY Introduction to Histology What is histology? HISTOLOGY histo = tissue ogy = study So HISTOLOGY = the study of tissues! What is a TISSUE? Tissues are groups of cells with specialized structural and functional

More information

TISSUES. Dr. Gary Mumaugh

TISSUES. Dr. Gary Mumaugh TISSUES Dr. Gary Mumaugh Tissues Tissues - Groups of cells similar in structure and function and perform a common function Histology The study of tissues The four types of tissues Epithelial Connective

More information

Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism. Cells: the smallest unit of life.

Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism. Cells: the smallest unit of life. Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism Cells: the smallest unit of life. The Circulatory Systems brings oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells; fights infections; removes cell wastes; regulates

More information

Biology 325 Fall 2003

Biology 325 Fall 2003 Name: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is not one of the primary tissue types? A) germinative tissue B) muscle

More information

Name: Period: Review for Animal Systems Test II - KEY

Name: Period: Review for Animal Systems Test II - KEY Name: Period: Review for Animal Systems Test II - KEY Questions 1-9: Write the main functions of the following body s in the spaces below. Then, write the levels of organization for each body. Give specific

More information

Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues. Short Answer. Figure 3.1

Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues. Short Answer. Figure 3.1 Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues Short Answer Figure 3.1 Using Figure 3.1, match the following: 1) The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is. Answer:

More information

Chapter 16. Organ Donation: Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems Tissues. Epithelial Tissue. Epithelial Tissue

Chapter 16. Organ Donation: Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems Tissues. Epithelial Tissue. Epithelial Tissue Chapter 16 Organ Donation: Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems 16.1 Tissues A is a group of similar cell types that perform a common function Four main types of tissues Epithelial Tissue Epithelial tissue,

More information

Anatomy Chapter 4 Tissues

Anatomy Chapter 4 Tissues 4 Principle Tissue Types Epithelial tissue Covering and lining Glandular Connective tissue Highly variable Most abundant tissue type Muscular tissue 3 major types Produce force through contraction Nervous

More information

The Human Body. Mrs. Green

The Human Body. Mrs. Green The Human Body Mrs. Green Bell Work Which of the following helps the body to cool down? a) Shivering b) Sweating c) Running a fever d) Taking a deep breath Which of the following is a function of the digestive

More information

Animal Systems 18/04/12. Overview: Diverse Forms, Common Challenges. Organization & Functions BIOL212

Animal Systems 18/04/12. Overview: Diverse Forms, Common Challenges. Organization & Functions BIOL212 Animal Systems Organization & Functions BIOL212 Overview: Diverse Forms, Common Challenges Anatomy is the study of the biological form of an organism Physiology is the study of the biological funcdons

More information

Most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body Binds, support, and strengthen body tissues, protect and insulate internal organ, serve as

Most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body Binds, support, and strengthen body tissues, protect and insulate internal organ, serve as Connective tissue Most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body Binds, support, and strengthen body tissues, protect and insulate internal organ, serve as major transport system, compartmentalizes

More information

Cell and Tissue Types. Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve

Cell and Tissue Types. Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve Cell and Tissue Types Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve Objectives Explain the major stages of the cell cycle and cellular division (mitosis). Describe specific events occurring in each of the phases

More information

Lecture 3: Cells and Tissues. Bio 219 Dr. Adam Ross

Lecture 3: Cells and Tissues. Bio 219 Dr. Adam Ross Lecture 3: Cells and Tissues Bio 219 Dr. Adam Ross Cell Physiology Cell Physiology Brief review of organelles Should be mostly review Cell surrounded by plasma membrane Lipid bilayer Also surrounds organelles

More information

Chapter 4 :Organization & Regulation of Body Systems

Chapter 4 :Organization & Regulation of Body Systems Chapter 4 :Organization & Regulation of Body Systems 4.1 Types of tissues What is a tissue? A collection of cells of the same type that perform a common function There are 4 major tissue types in the body:

More information

6) An animal with the cross section shown above has a: a) Gastrovascular cavity b) Pseudocoelom c) Coelom

6) An animal with the cross section shown above has a: a) Gastrovascular cavity b) Pseudocoelom c) Coelom 1) A 12 foot tall human: a) Would need a disproportionally larger and stronger skeleton than a 6 foot tall human b) Would need a disproportionally smaller and weaker skeleton than a 2 foot tall human c)

More information

ACTIVITY 2: HISTOLOGY AND INTEGUMENT

ACTIVITY 2: HISTOLOGY AND INTEGUMENT ACTIVITY 2: HISTOLOGY AND INTEGUMENT Objectives: 1) How to get ready: Read Chapter 4 and 5, McKinley et al., Human Anatomy, 4e. All text references are for this textbook. 2) Identify each tissue (26 tissues)

More information

Human Body Systems Study Guide

Human Body Systems Study Guide Human Body Systems Study Guide Nervous System 1. Brain stem part of nervous system and controls the heartbeat and breathing by controlling the cardiac muscle and diaphragm. Also receives information from

More information

INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS

INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS AP BIOLOGY ANIMALS ACTIVITY #1 NAME DATE HOUR INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Animals Activity #1 page 1 HOMEOSTASIS: DEFINITION IMPORTANCE MECHANISMS FOR MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS: Animals

More information

Tissues, Glands, and Membranes. Chapter Five Mrs. Hornacek

Tissues, Glands, and Membranes. Chapter Five Mrs. Hornacek Tissues, Glands, and Membranes Chapter Five Mrs. Hornacek Objectives 1. Name the four main groups of tissues and give the location and general characteristics of each. 2. Differentiate between voluntary

More information

Study of Tissues Dr. A. Ebneshahidi

Study of Tissues Dr. A. Ebneshahidi Study of Tissues Dr. A. Ebneshahidi Tissues Tissues are composed of cells similar in structure and specialized to perform a specific function for the body. The human body is made of four general types

More information

Basic Tissue Types and Functions

Basic Tissue Types and Functions Tissues Histology Basic Tissue Types and Functions 1) Epithelial tissue covering 2) Connective tissue support 3) Muscle tissue movement 4) Nervous tissue control Epithelial Tissue 1) Covers a body surface

More information