Biochemistry of acid-base disorders. Alice Skoumalová
|
|
- Reynold Jenkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Biochemistry of acid-base disorders Alice Skoumalová
2 Main topics of the lecture: Measurement of acid-base dysbalance Classification of the acid-base disorders 4 basic acid-base disorders and their compensaiton Combined acid-base disorders Ions and acid-base disorders
3 Measured and calculated values of acid-base disorders Measured: ph, pco 2, po 2, saturation of hemoglobin Calculated: Actual bicarbonate The amount of HCO 3 - in 1 liter of blood saturated with oxygen under actual conditions (p a CO 2 and temperature) Standard bicarbonate The amount of HCO 3 - in 1 liter of blood saturated with oxygen at p a CO kpa and temperature 37 C Base excess The amount of bases in mmol (at p a CO 2 5,3 kpa and temperature 37 C) that would have to be added to the blood to titrate it to ph 7.4 ph 7.40 ± 0.04 p a CO ± 0.5 kpa p a O kpa Actual HCO ± 2 mmol/l Standard HCO ± 2 mmol/l Base excess (BE) 0 ± 2.5 mmol/l Saturation of hemoglobin (S a O 2 )
4 Classification of the acid-base disorders: Acidosis: a process leading to the accumulation of H + in the body Alkalosis: a process leading to a decrease in H + concentration in the body Two components of acid-base balance: respiratory, metabolic acute stage x compensated four main disorders x mixed acidemia x acidosis alkalemia x alkalosis
5
6 The maintenance of ph: Correction of the acid-base disorders: Buffer reactions Compensations - Corrections processes in which one system compensates the alteration of the other one
7 Diagram of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation showing compensations for acid-base disorders:
8 Metabolic acidosis (MAc): 1. Increased production of H + : -lactasidosis (hypoxia, intensive muscular work, ethanol) -ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetes) -acid retention (renal failure) 2. Exogenous intake of H + : - methanol, ethylene glycol intoxication, salicylate poisoning 3. Loss of HCO 3- : -diarrhoea, burns, renal tubular disorders, diuretics 4. Increase Cl - or phosphate: - administration of NH 4 Cl, diuretics, renal disorders 5. Relative dilution of HCO 3- : -excessive infusion of isotonic solutions
9 physiological acute compensation -lungs -hyperventilation [HCO 3- ] 24 mmol/l pco 2 5,3 kpa N [HCO 3- ]/[H 2 CO 3 +CO 2 ] 20 : 1 < 20 : 1 20 : 1 ph 7,34 7,44 < 7,34 7,4
10 Metabolic alkalosis 1. Loss of Cl - : - vomiting, gastric lavage, diuretics 2. Input of HCO 3- : - bicarbonate overdosing 3. Hypoalbuminemia 4. Dehydratation
11 physiological acute compensation -lungs -hypoventilation [HCO 3- ] 24 mmol/l pco 2 5,3 kpa N [HCO 3- ]/[H 2 CO 3 +CO 2 ] 20 : 1 > 20 : 1 20 : 1 ph 7,34 7,44 > 7,44 7,4
12 Respiratory acidosis Hypoventilation: - depression of the respiratory center (opiates, sedatives, narcotics, CO 2 ) - failures -ventilation, diffusion, perfusion (respiratory diseases) -gass transport (anemia, circulatory failure, CO intoxication) -gass exchange between the blood and tissues (cyanide intoxication) -neuromuscular junction (pharmaceuticals, nikotine, botulin intoxication) -neural transmission (spinal cord injuries)
13 physiological acute compensation -kidney - excretion of H 2 PO - 4 and NH resorption of HCO - 3 [HCO 3- ] 24 mmol/l N, pco 2 5,3 kpa [HCO 3- ]/[H 2 CO 3 +CO 2 ] 20 : 1 < 20 : 1 20 : 1 ph 7,34 7,44 < 7,34 7,4
14 Respiratory alkalosis Hyperventilation: - mechanical ventilation - respiratory center stimulation: from CNS (hysteria, anxiety, infection), drugs (salicylates), from thermoregulation center (fever, physical effort)
15 physiological acute compensation -kidney - excretion of HCO - 3 [HCO 3- ] 24 mmol/l N, pco 2 5,3 kpa [HCO 3- ]/[H 2 CO 3 +CO 2 ] 20 : 1 > 20 : 1 20 : 1 ph 7,34 7,44 > 7,44 7,4
16 Mixed acid-base disorders 1. Antagonistic metabolic acidosis + metabolic alkalosis acid-base indicators are often physiological (hypochloremia discovers MAlk) 2. Synergic e.g. metabolic acidosis + respiratory acidosis Diagnosis: electrolytes, proteins, lactate, calculation from the iontogram, symptoms Examples: Vomiting and starving (metabolic acidosis + metabolic alkalosis) Heart and respiratory failure (respiratory acidosis + metabolic acidosis)
17 Other values derived from the iontogram of plasm Name Calculation Physiological range Comments Buffer base(bb S ) BB S = Na + + K + - Cl - 42 mmol/l To understand the role of chlorides in the acid-base disorders Anion gap (AG) AG = (Na + + K + ) (Cl - + HCO 3- ) 18 mmol/l The portion of metabolic acidosis on a combined acid-base disorder Residual anions (RA ) RA = (Na + + K + + Ca + + Mg + ) (Cl - + HCO proteins) 10 mmol/l The portion of metabolic acidosis on a combined acid-base disorder, including the role of hypoproteinemia Strong ion difference (SID) SID = (Na + + K + + Ca + + Mg + ) (Cl - + UA - ) SID = HCO ,28 x albumin + 1,8 x Pi 39 ± 1 mmol/l The value of SID is influenced mainly by changes of sodium, chlorides and unmeasurable anionts SID (retention of Cl -, UA -, dilution by water acidosis SID (loss of Cl - ) alkalosis Concentration of weak acids (A tot ) The sum of negative charges of albumin and phosphor The role in acid-base disorders Hypoalbuminemia metabolic alkalosis Retention of P i metabolic acidosis
18 Main topics of the lecture: Measurement of acid-base dysbalance Classification of the acid-base disorders 4 basic acid-base disorders and their compensaiton Combined acid-base disorders Ions and acid-base disorders
Physiological Causes of Abnormal ABG s
Physiological Causes of Abnormal ABG s Major Student Performance Objective 1 1. The student will be able to discuss causes for various types of blood gas results. 2. They will also be required to discuss
More informationmmol.l -1 H+ Ca++ K+ Na+
Disorders of acid-base equilibrium Pathobiochemistry and diagnostics of acid-base and mineral metabolism Physiologic ph Plasma and most extracellular fluids ph = 7.40 ± 0.02 Significance of constant ph
More information1. What is the acid-base disturbance in this patient?
/ABG QUIZ QUIZ 1. What is the acid-base disturbance in this patient? Presenting complaint: pneumonia 1 point Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis Mixed alkalosis
More informationAcid-Base Tutorial 2/10/2014. Overview. Physiology (2) Physiology (1)
Overview Acid-Base Tutorial Nicola Barlow Physiology Buffering systems Control mechanisms Laboratory assessment of acid-base Disorders of H + ion homeostasis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory
More informationAcid Base Balance. Professor Dr. Raid M. H. Al-Salih. Clinical Chemistry Professor Dr. Raid M. H. Al-Salih
Acid Base Balance 1 HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION and CONCEPT OF ph Blood hydrogen ion concentration (abbreviated [H + ]) is maintained within tight limits in health, with the normal concentration being between
More informationAcid and Base Balance
Acid and Base Balance 1 2 The Body and ph Homeostasis of ph is tightly controlled Extracellular fluid = 7.4 Blood = 7.35 7.45 < 7.35: Acidosis (acidemia) > 7.45: Alkalosis (alkalemia) < 6.8 or > 8.0: death
More informationArterial Blood Gas Analysis
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis L Lester www.3bv.org Bones, Brains & Blood Vessels Drawn from radial or femoral arteries. Invasive procedure Caution must be taken with patient on anticoagulants ph: 7.35-7.45
More informationThe equilibrium between basis and acid can be calculated and termed as the equilibrium constant = Ka. (sometimes referred as the dissociation constant
Acid base balance Dobroslav Hájek dhajek@med.muni.cz May 2004 The equilibrium between basis and acid can be calculated and termed as the equilibrium constant = Ka. (sometimes referred as the dissociation
More informationAcid-Base Imbalance-2 Lecture 9 (12/4/2015) Yanal A. Shafagoj MD. PhD
AcidBase Imbalance2 Lecture 9 (12/4/2015) Yanal A. Shafagoj MD. PhD Introduction Disturbance in acidbase balance are common clinical problem that range in severity from mild to life threatening, the acute
More information3/17/2017. Acid-Base Disturbances. Goal. Eric Magaña, M.D. Presbyterian Medical Center Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Acid-Base Disturbances Eric Magaña, M.D. Presbyterian Medical Center Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Goal Provide an approach to determine complex acid-base disorders Discuss the approach
More informationCarbon Dioxide Transport. Carbon Dioxide. Carbon Dioxide Transport. Carbon Dioxide Transport - Plasma. Hydrolysis of Water
Module H: Carbon Dioxide Transport Beachey Ch 9 & 10 Egan pp. 244-246, 281-284 Carbon Dioxide Transport At the end of today s session you will be able to : Describe the relationship free hydrogen ions
More information9/14/2017. Acid-Base Disturbances. Goal. Provide an approach to determine complex acid-base disorders
Acid-Base Disturbances NCNP October 10, 2017 Eric Magaña, M.D. Presbyterian Medical Center Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Goal Provide an approach to determine complex acid-base disorders
More informationAcid Base Disorders. J. Vymětal
Acid Base Disorders J. Vymětal ph alkalinity/acidity of internal enviroment 7,4 ± 0,04 mmol/l pco 2 respiratory component of ABB 4,5-6,5 kpa po 2 partial pressure O 2 10-13,3 kpa shco 3 metabolic component
More informationDr. Suzana Voiculescu
Dr. Suzana Voiculescu AB balance parameters Extracellular ph (plasmatic ph)= 7.35-7.45 < 7.35= acidosis >7.45= alkalosis Kassirer-Bleich equation [H+] = 24 PCO2/ [HCO3-] predicts that the ratio of dissolved
More informationBlood Gases 2: Acid-Base and Electrolytes Made Simple. Objectives. Important Fact #1
Blood Gases 2: Acid-Base and Electrolytes Made Simple Gary L. Horowitz, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA Objectives Identify the 4 major acid-base disturbances, giving typical values
More informationRESPIRATORY SYSTEM and ACID BASE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and ACID BASE Arif HM Marsaban Rudyanto Sedono Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Faculty of medicine University of Indonesia Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta
More informationi-stat Alinity v Utilization Guide
istat Alinity v Utilization Guide The istat Alinity v delivers blood gas, acidbase, electrolyte, chemistry, and hematology measurements in a completely portable, handheld package. Accuracy is ensured by
More informationAcids, Bases, and Salts
Acid / Base Balance Objectives Define an acid, a base, and the measure of ph. Discuss acid/base balance, the effects of acidosis or alkalosis on the body, and the mechanisms in place to maintain balance
More informationAcid-Base Physiology. Dr. Tamás Bense Dr. Alexandra Turi
Acid-Base Physiology Dr. Tamás Bense Dr. Alexandra Turi What is a blood gas assessment? We get it from an arterial sample (a.radialis, a. brachialis, a. femoralis) Invasive technique If the patient is
More informationInter Inter Pretation of Acid Base Disturbance in Critically ill Patients. By :-: Dr. Vinay Bhomia M.D.
Inter Inter Pretation of Acid Base Disturbance in Critically ill Patients. By :-: Dr. Vinay Bhomia M.D. Normal Blood PH 7.35 to 7.45 Crucial importance to maintain homeostatic function of Body. Any Significant
More informationBlood Gases, ph, Acid- Base Balance
Blood Gases, ph, Acid- Base Balance Blood Gases Acid-Base Physiology Clinical Acid-Base Disturbances Blood Gases Respiratory Gas Exchange Chemical Control of Respiration Dyshemoglobins Oxygen Transport
More informationDr. Suzana Voiculescu Discipline of Physiology and Fundamental Neurosciences Carol Davila Univ. of Medicine and Pharmacy
Dr. Suzana Voiculescu Discipline of Physiology and Fundamental Neurosciences Carol Davila Univ. of Medicine and Pharmacy AB balance parameters Extracellular ph (plasmatic ph)= 7.35-7.45 < 7.35= acidosis
More informationThere are number of parameters which are measured: ph Oxygen (O 2 ) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) AaDO 2 O 2 Content O 2 Saturation
Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) A blood gas is exactly that...it measures the dissolved gases in your bloodstream. This provides one of the best measurements of what is known as the acid-base balance. The body
More informationFluid and Electrolytes P A R T 4
Fluid and Electrolytes P A R T 4 Mechanisms that control acid-base homeostasis Acids and bases continually enter and leave body Hydrogen ions also result from metabolic activity Acids Hydrogen ion donors
More informationInterpretation of. No Da Vinci Code
Interpretation of Mixed Acid Base Disorders- No Da Vinci Code by Surg Capt Aamir Ijaz, Consultant Pathologist / Assoc Prof of Pathology, PNS SHIFA ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES Measured on a Blood Gas Analyser.
More informationCarbon Dioxide Transport and Acid-Base Balance
CHAPTER 7 Carbon Dioxide Transport and Acid-Base Balance Carbon Dioxide Transport Dioxide Transport In plasma: Carbamino compound (bound to protein) Bicarbonate Dissolved CO 2 CO 2 Is Converted to HCO
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Learning Outcomes. Acid base terminology ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS INTERPRETATION
Slide 1 ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS INTERPRETATION David O Neill MSc BSc RN NMP FHEA Associate Lecturer (Non Medical Prescribing) Cardiff University Advanced Nurse Practitioner Respiratory Medicine Slide 2 Learning
More informationCASE 27. What is the response of the kidney to metabolic acidosis? What is the response of the kidney to a respiratory alkalosis?
CASE 27 A 21-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes presents to the emergency center with mental status changes, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and rapid respirations. On examination, the patient
More informationAcids and Bases their definitions and meanings
Acids and Bases their definitions and meanings Molecules containing hydrogen atoms that can release hydrogen ions in solutions are referred to as acids. (HCl H + Cl ) (H 2 CO 3 H + HCO 3 ) A base is an
More informationOxygen and CO 2 transport. Biochemistry II
Oxygen and CO 2 transport 2 Acid- base balance Biochemistry II Lecture 9 2008 (J.S.) 1 Transport of O 2 and CO 2 O 2 INSPIRED AIR CO 2 EXPIRED AIR HCO 3 + HHb + Lungs HbO 2 + H + + HCO 3 HbO 2 + H 2 O
More informationArterial Blood Gas Interpretation: The Basics
http://www.medicine-on-line.com ABG Basics: Page 1/10 Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation: The Basics Author: David C Chung MD, FRCPC Affiliation: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Sampling of arterial
More informationD fini n tion: p = = -log [H+] ph=7 me m an s 10-7 Mol M H+ + (100 nmol m /l); ) p ; H=8 me m an s 10-8 Mol M H+ + (10 (10 n nmol m /l) Nor
Definition: ph regulation ph = -log [H + ] ph=7 means 10-7 Mol H + (100 nmol/l); ph=8 means 10 Normal plasma value: 7.35-7.45; 7.45; (H Acidosis: ph7.45 Intracellular ph = 7.1-7.3
More information/ABG. It covers acid-base disturbance, respiratory failure, and a small summary for some other derangements. Causes of disturbance
/ABG This page focuses on providing some possible causes for the various disturbances that may be seen on an ABG. Although not an exhaustive list, it attempts to outline the main headings for possible
More informationAcid-Base Balance Workshop. Dr. Najla Al Kuwaiti Dr. Abdullah Al Ameri Dr. Amar Al Shibli
Acid-Base Balance Workshop Dr. Najla Al Kuwaiti Dr. Abdullah Al Ameri Dr. Amar Al Shibli Objectives Normal Acid-Base Physiology Simple Acid-Base Disorders Compensations and Disorders The Anion Gap Mixed
More informationThere are many buffers in the kidney, but the main one is the phosphate buffer.
9 Yanal Obada Zalat Renal Control of AcidBase Balance The kidneys play three major roles in the maintenance of normal acidbase balance: 1excretion of H+ (fixed _non volatile H+) 2Reabsorption of filtrated
More informationSIMPLY Arterial Blood Gases Interpretation. Week 4 Dr William Dooley
SIMPLY Arterial Blood Gases Interpretation Week 4 Dr William Dooley Plan Structure for interpretation 5-step approach Works for majority of cases Case scenarios Some common concerns A-a gradient BE Anion
More informationUNIT VI: ACID BASE IMBALANCE
UNIT VI: ACID BASE IMBALANCE 1 Objectives: Review the physiological mechanism responsible to regulate acid base balance in the body i.e.: Buffers (phosphate, hemoglobin, carbonate) Renal mechanism Respiratory
More informationChapter 27: WATER, ELECTROLYTES, AND ACID-BASE BALANCE
Chapter 27: WATER, ELECTROLYTES, AND ACID-BASE BALANCE I. RELATED TOPICS Integumentary system Cerebrospinal fluid Aqueous humor Digestive juices Feces Capillary dynamics Lymph circulation Edema Osmosis
More informationInorganic pharmaceutical chemistry. Replacement Therapy Lec 2
Inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry Replacement Therapy Lec 2 Replacement Therapy The basic objective of replacement therapy is to restore the volume and composition of the body fluids to normal one. Volume
More informationi-stat Alinity v Utilization Guide
istat Alinity v Utilization Guide The istat Alinity v delivers blood gas, acidbase, electrolyte, chemistry, and hematology results in a completely portable, handheld package. Accuracy is ensured by extensive
More informationThe relationship between H+,PaCO₂ and HCO₃ are expressed in the equation of:
[Acid-Base Balance] [Dr. Bashir Khasawneh] [5 th February 2012] Acid-Base Basic Concepts: The relationship between H+,PaCO₂ and HCO₃ are expressed in the equation of: Which is modified from Henderson-Hasselbach
More information0, ,54 0, , , ,5. H+ Ca++ mmol.l -1
Acidbase equilibrium Physiologic ph Plasma and most extracellular fluids ph = 7.40 ± 0.02 Significance of constant ph ph influences properties of proteins enzyme activity structure of cell components permeability
More informationRenal Physiology. April, J. Mohan, PhD. Lecturer, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, U.W.I., St Augustine.
Renal Physiology April, 2011 J. Mohan, PhD. Lecturer, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, U.W.I., St Augustine. Office : Room 105, Physiology Unit. References: Koeppen B.E. & Stanton B.A. (2010).
More informationCarver College of Medicine University of Iowa
October 15, 2010 Deborah J. DeWaay MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Associate Vice Chair i of Education Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Joel A. Gordon, MD Professor
More informationBUFFERING OF HYDROGEN LOAD
BUFFERING OF HYDROGEN LOAD 1. Extracellular space minutes 2. Intracellular space minutes to hours 3. Respiratory compensation 6 to 12 hours 4. Renal compensation hours, up to 2-3 days RENAL HYDROGEN SECRETION
More informationOutline. ABG Interpretation: A Respirologist s approach. Acid-Base Disturbances. What use is an ABG? Acid-Base Disturbances. Alveolar Ventilation
Outline ABG Interpretation: A Respirologist s approach Dr. Shane Shapera Division of Respirology University Health Network October 2014 A quick review of acidbase physiology The 8 steps to ABG interpretation
More informationAcid - base equilibrium
Acid base equilibrium ph concept ph = log [H + ] ph [H+] 1 100 mmol/l D = 90 mmol/l 2 10 mmol/l D = 9 mmol/l 3 1 mmol/l 2 ph = log [H + ] 3 ph ph = log [H + ] ph of capillary blood norm: 7,35 7,45 Sorensen
More informationInterpretation of ABG. Chandra Shekhar Bala, FCPS( Medicine) Junior Consultant NINS and Hospital, Dhaka
Interpretation of ABG Chandra Shekhar Bala, FCPS( Medicine) Junior Consultant NINS and Hospital, Dhaka ABG analysis of Ms Rubi Ms. Rubi, 20 year-old lady PH 7.29 presented with breathlessness. She had
More informationDisclaimer. Chapter 3 Disorder of Water, Electrolyte and Acid-base Professor A. S. Alhomida. Disorder of Water and Electrolyte
Disclaimer King Saud University College of Science Department of Biochemistry The texts, tables, figures and images contained in this course presentation (BCH 376) are not my own, they can be found on:
More information[Chapter 25] The Liver and the Gut. John A Kellum
[Chapter 25] The Liver and the Gut John A Kellum 25.1 Introduction Throughout this book we have seen that the Stewart formulation can be used to help understand the mechanisms of acid-base equilibrium
More information3. Which of the following would be inconsistent with respiratory alkalosis? A. ph = 7.57 B. PaCO = 30 mm Hg C. ph = 7.63 D.
Pilbeam: Mechanical Ventilation, 4 th Edition Test Bank Chapter 1: Oxygenation and Acid-Base Evaluation MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The diffusion of carbon dioxide across the alveolar capillary membrane is. A.
More informationAcid-base balance is one of the most important of the body s homeostatic mechanisms Acid-base balance refers to regulation of hydrogen ion (H + )
Acid-base balance is one of the most important of the body s homeostatic mechanisms Acid-base balance refers to regulation of hydrogen ion (H + ) concentration in body fluids Precise regulation of ph at
More informationObjectives. Blood Buffers. Definitions. Strong/Weak Acids. Fixed (Non-Volatile) Acids. Module H Malley pages
Blood Buffers Module H Malley pages 120-126 Objectives Define a buffer system and differentiate between the buffering systems present in the body. Given an arterial blood-gas result, determine the degree
More informationACID-BASE DISORDERS. Assist.Prof.Dr. Filiz BAKAR ATEŞ
ACID-BASE DISORDERS Assist.Prof.Dr. Filiz BAKAR ATEŞ Acid-Base Regulation Metabolic processes continually produce acid and, to a lesser degree, base. Hydrogen ion (H+) is especially reactive; it can attach
More informationPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 27 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Fluid Compartments and Fluid In adults, body fluids make up between 55% and 65% of total body mass. Body
More informationPARAMEDIC RESOURCE MANUAL
ONTARIO BASE HOSPITAL GROUP PARAMEDIC RESOURCE MANUAL ACID-BASE BALANCE SECTION SIX Version 1.1 2010 Update PARAMEDIC RESOURCE MANUAL OBJECTIVES: ACID-BASE BALANCE The objectives indicate what you should
More informationNeaam Al-Bahadili. Rana J. Rahhal. Mamoun Ahram
5 Neaam Al-Bahadili Rana J. Rahhal Mamoun Ahram In this sheet we will continue taking about Titration curve and Buffers in human body. Let s begin Titration curve of phosphate buffer: 1. There are 3 buffering
More informationAcid-Base Balance Dr. Gary Mumaugh
Acid-Base Balance Dr. Gary Mumaugh Introduction Acid-base balance is one of the most important of the body s homeostatic mechanisms Acid-base balance refers to regulation of hydrogen ion (H + ) concentration
More informationManaging Acid Base and Electrolyte Disturbances with RRT
Managing Acid Base and Electrolyte Disturbances with RRT John R Prowle MA MSc MD MRCP FFICM Consultant in Intensive Care & Renal Medicine RRT for Regulation of Acid-base and Electrolyte Acid base load
More informationARTERIAL BLOOD GASES PART 1 BACK TO BASICS SSR OLIVIA ELSWORTH SEPT 2017
ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES PART 1 BACK TO BASICS SSR OLIVIA ELSWORTH SEPT 2017 WHAT INFORMATION DOES AN ABG GIVE US? ph = measure of hydrogen ion concentration (acidity or alkalinity) PaCO2 = partial pressure
More informationAcid/Base Balance. the concentrations of these two ions affect the acidity or alkalinity of body fluids
Acid/Base Balance some of most critical ions in body fluids are H + (hydrogen) and OH - (hydroxyl) ions the concentrations of these two ions affect the acidity or alkalinity of body fluids acidity/alkalinity
More informationInterpretation of Arterial Blood Gases. Prof. Dr. W. Vincken Head Respiratory Division Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit Brussel (AZ VUB)
Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases Prof. Dr. W. Vincken Head Respiratory Division Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit Brussel (AZ VUB) Before interpretation of ABG Make/Take note of Correct puncture
More informationAcid-Base disturbances Physiological approach
AcidBase disturbances Physiological approach Pieter Roel Tuinman, M.D., PhD, intensivist Department of Intensive Care, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands p.tuinman@vumc.nl Content Introduction
More informationPrinciples of Fluid Balance
Principles of Fluid Balance I. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes A. Water 1. Total body water (TBW) = 60% of total body weight 2. Fluid Compartments in the Body a. Intracellular Compartment
More informationAcid Base Balance by: Susan Mberenga RN, BSN, MSN
Acid Base Balance by: Susan Mberenga RN, BSN, MSN Acid Base Balance Refers to hydrogen ions as measured by ph Normal range: 7.35-7.45 Acidosis/acidemia: ph is less than 7.35 Alkalosis/alkalemia: ph is
More informationAcid/Base Disorders 2015
Objectives - 2 1. Identify acid/base disorders 2. Discuss etiologies for 1 0 acid/base disorders (will not include mixed disorders) 3. Interpret acid/base disorders by interpreting arterial blood gas &
More informationNeaam Al-Bahadili. Rana J. Rahhal. Mamoun Ahram
5 Neaam Al-Bahadili Rana J. Rahhal Mamoun Ahram In this sheet we will continue taking about Titration curve and Buffers in human body. Let s begin Titration curve of phosphate buffer: 1. There are 3 buffering
More informationAcid Base Balance. Chapter 26 Balance. ph Imbalances. Acid Base Balance. CO 2 and ph. Carbonic Acid. Part 2. Acid/Base Balance
Acid Base Balance Chapter 26 Balance Part 2. Acid/Base Balance Precisely balances production and loss of hydrogen ions (ph) The body generates acids during normal metabolism, tends to reduce ph Kidneys:
More informationCHAPTER 27 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 27 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. Body fluid refers to body water and its dissolved substances. B. Regulatory mechanisms insure homeostasis of body fluids since their malfunction may seriously
More informationUNIT 9 INVESTIGATION OF ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES
UNIT 9 INVESTIGATION OF ACIDBASE DISTURBANCES LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, students must be able to: 1. Describe the main parametres that define the acidbase equilibrium 2. Identify
More informationAcid-base balance (ABB)
Acid-base balance (ABB) Overview of the lecture ph, relationships between metabolism and changes of ph: Definition of ph, ph values in the different body compartments Production of acids and bases in the
More informationPhysiological Buffers
CHM333 LECTURES 6 & 7: 9/9 9/14 FALL 2009 Professor Christine Hrycyna Physiological Buffers All about maintaining equilibrium Major buffer in blood (ph 7.4) and other extracellular fluids is the carbonic
More informationPICU Resident Self-Study Tutorial Interpreting Blood Gases
Christopher Carroll, MD INTRODUCTION Blood gases give us a huge amount of information regarding the patient s physiologic condition and are the best method available to assess a patient s oxygenation and
More informationAcid-base mysteries explained. Friedrich Luft Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin-Buch
Acid-base mysteries explained Friedrich Luft Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin-Buch Hydrogen ion concentration ph 7.4 In plasma 40 nmol/l (compared to mmol for other electrolytes M, mmol,
More informationRenal physiology V. Regulation of acid-base balance. Dr Alida Koorts BMS
Renal physiology V Regulation of acidbase balance Dr Alida Koorts BMS 712 012 319 2921 akoorts@medic.up.ac.za Hydrogen ions (H + ): Concentration and origin Concentration in arterial blood, resting: [H
More informationInterpretation of Mixed Acid Base Disorders-
Interpretation of Mixed Acid Base Disorders- BY Surgeon Captain Aamir Ijaz Consultant Chemical Pathologist / Associate Professor of Pathology PNS SHIFA Phase II, DHA, Karachi Bahria Medical & Dental College,
More informationBasic facts repetition Regulation of A-B balance. Pathophysiology of clinically important disorders
In The name of God Acid base balance Basic facts repetition Regulation of A-B balance Pathophysiology of clinically important disorders Acid-Base Balance Physiology - The ph of ECF is tightly regulated
More informationPhysiology week 16 Renal 2 (volume/buffers)
Physiology week 16 Renal 2 (volume/buffers) Defense of Tonicity and Volume Defense of tonicity Tonicity = osmolality of a solution relative to plasma Osmolality measures [ ] all particles in solution,
More informationWanchai Wongkornrat Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University
Wanchai Wongkornrat Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Assess adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation Aids in establishing a diagnosis and severity of respiratory failure
More informationAre you ready to have fun?
Arterial Blood Gas INTERPRETATION By Nena Bonuel, MSN, RN, CCRN, CNS, ACNS-BC Nurse Specialist, Center for Professional Excellence Are you ready to have fun? 1. Yes! 2. I rather go shopping 3. I still
More informationDisorders of Acid-Base
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Normal arterial blood ph is restricted to a very narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. A person who has a blood ph below 7.35 is considered to be in acidosis
More informationAcid-Base 1, 2, and 3 Linda Costanzo, Ph.D.
Acid-Base 1, 2, and 3 Linda Costanzo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: After studying this lecture, the student should understand: 1. The relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and ph. 2. Production of acid
More informationHypoglycemia, Electrolyte disturbances and acid-base imbalances
Hypoglycemia, Electrolyte disturbances and acid-base imbalances Pediatric emergency PICU division Pediatric department Medical faculty, University of Sumatera Utara H. Adam Malik Hospital 1 Hypoglycemia
More informationS.M. Gorbatkin MD, PhD Emory Board Review in Internal Medicine July Renal Division Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Atlanta
S.M. Gorbatkin MD, PhD Emory Board Review in Internal Medicine July 2016 External Industry Relationships * Equity, stock, or options in biomedical industry companies or publishers Board of Directors or
More informationACID-BASE BALANCE. It is important to remember that more than one of the above processes can be present in a patient at any given time.
ACID-BASE BALANCE Epidemiology/Pathophysiology Understanding the physiology of acid-base homeostasis is important to the surgeon. The two acid-base buffer systems in the human body are the metabolic system
More informationChapter 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid- Base Balance
Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid- Base Balance 1 Body Water Content Infants: 73% or more water (low body fat, low bone mass) Adult males: ~60% water Adult females: ~50% water (higher fat content,
More information3/19/2009. The task of the kidney in acid-base balance Excretion of the daily acid load. Buffering of an acid load. A o B - + H + B - A o +OH - C +
The task of the kidney in acid-base balance Excretion of the daily acid load Buffering of an acid load Oxidation of amino acids, fats and carbohydrates often lead to acid production. On an average American
More informationABG Interpretation Regulation of Acid Base Balance Regulation of Volatile Acids by the Lungs
11 ABG Interpretation Regulation of Acid Base Balance Normal serum ph is 7.35-7.45 Seriously bad things start happening when ph falls to 7.2 or rises to 7.55 Three physiologic systems act interdependently
More informationPedsCases Podcast Scripts
PedsCases Podcast Scripts This is a text version of a podcast from Pedscases.com on Approach to Acid-Base Disturbance. These podcasts are designed to give medical students an overview of key topics in
More information1. 09/07/16 Ch 1: Intro to Human A & P 1
Table of Contents # Date Title Page # 1. 09/07/16 Ch 1: Intro to Human A & P 1 2. 09/19/16 Ch 18: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 5 i 1 09/19/16 Chapter 18: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base
More informationCHAPTER 42 BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS AND ACID-BASE DISORDERS
CHAPTER 42 BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS AND ACID-BASE DISORDERS STEVEN G. ACHINGER JUAN CARLOS AYUS Acid-base physiology is among the most complex topics in clinical medicine. Disturbances of this system are common
More informationPart 1 The Cell and the Cellular Environment
1 Chapter 3 Anatomy and Physiology Part 1 The Cell and the Cellular Environment 2 The Human Cell The is the fundamental unit of the human body. Cells contain all the necessary for life functions. 3 Cell
More informationMetabolic Alkalosis: Vomiting
RENAL ANL) ACID-BASE PHYSIOLOGY 213 Case 37 Metabolic Alkalosis: Vomiting Maria Cuervo is a 20-year-old philosophy major at a state university. When the "24-hour" stomach flu went around campus during
More informationCh 17 Physiology of the Kidneys
Ch 17 Physiology of the Kidneys Review Anatomy on your own SLOs List and describe the 4 major functions of the kidneys. List and explain the 4 processes of the urinary system. Diagram the filtration barriers
More informationAcid-Base Balance 11/18/2011. Regulation of Potassium Balance. Regulation of Potassium Balance. Regulatory Site: Cortical Collecting Ducts.
Influence of Other Hormones on Sodium Balance Acid-Base Balance Estrogens: Enhance NaCl reabsorption by renal tubules May cause water retention during menstrual cycles Are responsible for edema during
More informationNote: During any ONE run the ph remains constant. It may be at any one of the above levels but it never change during a single run.
1 BGYC34 (2007) PhysioEx Lab 10 AcidBase Balance Marking Scheme Part 1 Complete PhysioEx lab #10. Handin all of the pages associated with the lab. Note that there are 9 activities to be completed. You
More informationRENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS An Overview
RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS An Overview UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY PBL MBBS IV VJ. Temple 1 What is Renal Tubular
More informationAcid Base Disorders: Key Core Concepts. Thomas DuBose M.D., MACP, FASN ASN Board Review Course Online Resource Material 2014
Acid Base Disorders: Key Core Concepts Thomas DuBose M.D., MACP, FASN ASN Board Review Course Online Resource Material 2014 Speaker Disclosure I, Thomas DuBose, M.D., have no financial relationships or
More informationAnswers and Explanations
Answers and Explanations 1. The answer is D [V B 4 b]. Distal K + secretion is decreased by factors that decrease the driving force for passive diffusion of K + across the luminal membrane. Because spironolactone
More informationWater, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 27 Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance 1 Body Fluids Intracellular fluid compartment All fluids inside cells of body About 40% of total body weight Extracellular fluid compartment All fluids
More information