Pages Renal A&P Renal Blood Flow The Nephron Urine Formation Homeostatic Imbalances & Treatment
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1 CH. 25-URINARY SYSTEM Pages Renal A&P Renal Blood Flow The Nephron Urine Formation Homeostatic Imbalances & Treatment
2 2009- First public case of water intoxication (hyponatremia); Jury awarded her family 16.5 million for wrongful death lawsuit
3 Water intoxication AKA HYPONATREMIA The skull has limited room- excess water causes brain swelling Swollen brain seizures, coma respiratory arrest, death What causes the brain to swell? Too much water and >vasopressin leaves blood and goes into cells
4 Physiology of the Urinary System- involves other organs/body systems 1. BLOOD:Maintains water in PLASMA 2. DIGESTIVE: A Solution to Fasting 3. ENDO: Assists in hormone initiation 4. INTEGUMENT: Metabolize in vita D Mannekin Pis in Brussels, Belgium
5 The Major Excretory Organ- Physiology Regulates the balance of PLASMA a. Water b. Salts c. acids and bases
6 Renal Functions 2. Assists in GLUCOneoGENESIS- due to FASTING assists the liver Converts triglycerides & amino acids glucose Prevention to hypoglycemia (condition)
7 3. HORMONES made by the KIDNEYS A. Produces RENIN- regulates bp & kidney function B. Produces ERYTHROPOIETIN- stimulates RBC production C. CALCITROL- formed in the skin used to strengthen bone by absorbing Ca from food
8 3. (con t) VASOPRESSIN *aka ADH (antidiuretic hormone) *stimulated by blood volume *inhibited by adequate hydration *kidneys reabsorb water
9 4. VITA D- absorbs CALCIUM for healthy bones Integument vita D min (complexions) synthesize vita D Kidneys metabolize vita D CALCITROL
10 POSITION OF THE KIDNEYS Superior Lumbar Position T12 - L3 Protected by the lower rib cage RIGHT kidney is slightly lower than the left Adrenal Glands sit on top
11 Cool Kidney Facts.. Blood volume in kidneys is higher than blood flow in the heart, liver and brain
12 INTERNAL ANATOMY pg. 963, Fig Superficial- FIBROUS CAPSULE (a supportive tissue that protects against infections to enter)
13 Regional ANATOMY pg. 963, Fig Renal Medulla/Pyramids:centrally located triangular structures surrounded by major blood vessels; apex is inward
14 Regional ANATOMY pg. 964, Fig Renal Cortex: perimeter of the kidney that includes a passageway for blood vessels
15 Regional ANATOMY pg. 963, Fig Renal Pelvis: canals made up of major and minor calyces (singular= calyx) that lead out to the ureter
16 Blood Vessels by region of the Kidney, pg. 964, fig Cortical Radiate vessels are in the renal cortex & are perpendicular to the Arcuate vessels which run parallel to the renal pyramids
17 RENAL TISSUE- pg.965, fig.25.5 NEPHRON: subunit that make up the kidney > million nephrons per kidney 2 types of nephrons: Cortical Juxtamedullary
18 2 major parts of a Nephron- pg. 965, fig 25.5 Renal Corpuscle: made up of the Glomerulus and Bowman s capsule extending to 3 parts of the tubule: 1. PCT: proximal convoluted tubule 2. Loop of Henle 3. DCT: distal convoluted tubule
19 Cortical vs. Juxtamedullary Nephrons Nephron Region Fact Length of loop of Henle Cortical Cortex makes up 85% of kidney Short Juxtamedullary Medulla Produces concentrated urine Long
20 URETERS, pg. 985 Connecting kidney to bladder Muscular tubes use peristalsis Bladder pressure prevents backflow
21 URINARY BLADDER, pg. 986 Smooth collapsible muscular sac MALES: prostate is inferior to bladder FEMALES: bladder is anterior to vagina/uterus When empty, it converts to a pyramidal shape
22 URETHRA, pg. 987 Thin walled muscular tube extends from bladder to exit the body Internal urethra sphincter is voluntarily controlled Females: 3-4 cm (1.5 in) Males: 20 cm (8 in)- excrete semen & urine
23 Cool Kidney Fact: children born with one kidney grows to the equivalent of two
24 Renal Blood Flow
25 URINE FORMATION, pg Three processes: 1. Glomerular Filtration 2. Tubular Reabsorption 3. Tubular Secretion
26 Diuretics- enhance urine output 1. Alcohol- a sedative that inhibits ADH 2. Caffeine and 3. certain meds-inhibit Na+ reabsorption
27 Urine- Color, Odor, and ph Color: urochrome is urine s pigment made up of destroyed hemoglobin. Concerns: Pink- blood Brown- bile Cloudy- infection
28 Urine- color, ODOR and ph, pg. 985 *Ammonia odor comes from bacteria metabolizing urea (urea comes from converting nitrogen)
29 Urine- color, odor and ph, pg. 985 Slightly acidic ph: 6 Varies between 4.5-8
4. VITA D- absorbs CALCIUM for healthy bones
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