Know Your Options. Living an Uncomplicated Life with Diabetes

Transcription

1 Know Your Options Living an Uncomplicated Life with Diabetes This material is copyrighted by Bayer HealthCare LLC and is intended solely for use in the Know Your Series educational programs supported by Bayer HealthCare in the United States and Canada. Unauthorized use of this material without the express written consent of Bayer HealthCare, Diabetes Care is forbidden Bayer HealthCare LLC

2 As you view the show, make sure to also read the notes underneath each slide because there is a lot of information to keep you healthy in these notes. If you do not see the notes on the bottom of the slides, click on the View tab at the top of the page, and select notes page. If you have any difficulties, call Florey at ext Enjoy the show, it is a good one!

3 Diabetes Complications are Not Inevitable! Over the years if you do not control your blood sugar, complications can occur Keeping your blood sugar within recommended guidelines can prevent and/or reduce complications Best way to assess control Must be performed daily to affect control Results can be applied to adjust medications, nutrition and physical activity Know Your Numbers

4 Small Vessel Complications

5 Large Vessel Complications

6 Eye Disease Retinopathy is damage to the back of the eye (retina) Usually occurs in people that have diabetes for over 5 years First signs are blurry vision Glaucoma and Cataracts are seen in people with diabetes Need to get an eye exam every year by an Ophthalmologist

7 Treatment of Eye Disease Laser Therapy Scatter Photocoagulation Focal Photocoagulation Surgery

8 Tips to Prevent Eye Problems Keep your blood sugar as close to normal as possible Control your blood pressure Quit smoking See your eye specialist (Ophthalmologist) once a year See your doctor immediately if: Your eyes hurt or become red Blurred vision or spots Trouble reading books or signs Your peripheral vision (vision on the side) is not the same

9 Types of Skin Conditions Bacterial infections Fungal infections Dry skin/itching Scaly patches or brown spots

10 Types of Skin Conditions, continued Allergic reactions due to diabetes medications Xanthomatosis Acanthosis Nigricans

11 Tips for Good Skin Care Keep your blood sugar under control Keep skin clean and dry Avoid hot baths and showers Moisturize on a daily basis Treat cuts right away See a Dermatologist if you have any problems with your skin

12 Foot Care Inadequate foot care can lead to amputation Foot problems are due to: Lack of sensation Poor circulation Important to see a Podiatrist on a regular basis

13 Suggestions for Good Foot Care Examine feet daily Wash and dry feet thoroughly Cut toenails straight across Avoid self-treatment of corns and calluses Wear cotton socks Inspect shoes for foreign objects See a Podiatrist on a regular basis

14 Dental Care People with diabetes have an increased risk for gum disease and cavity formation The warning signs of gum disease are: Bleeding gums when you brush or floss Red, swollen or tender gums Bad breath Loose teeth

15 Types of Dental Conditions Oral infections Pain when chewing Increase in cavities Fungal infections Thrush Dry mouth

16 Tips for Good Dental Care Brushing and flossing are the best way to prevent gum disease See your Dentist on a regular basis Tell your Dentist you have diabetes Take your usual medications before your dental visit Make sure you are able to get your normal amount of daily calories. Plan ahead

17 What is Depression? Depression comes from a change in the chemical functioning of the brain Depression can be triggered by stress, difficult life events, environment, medications Depression affects your ability to function in day to day life

18 Diabetes and Depression Diabetes doubles the risk of being depressed Depression may be due to stress Depression can lead to: Poorer physical and mental functioning Not following your meal plan or exercise routine which can lead to weight gain Not taking your medications as prescribed

19 What Causes Depression in Diabetes Depression is caused by a number of factors; physical, psychological and genetic Everyone reacts differently to stressful events. Just finding out you have diabetes can be stressful People with diabetes may have depression due to: Worrying about long term complications Effect of their diabetes on daily life Effect of diabetes on their work environment Remembering the damaging effects of diabetes on relatives and/or friends

20 Symptoms of Depression People with true depression have symptoms that occur almost every day Symptoms include: Prolonged sadness/feeling down Irritability, anger, worry, anxiety Tired Feeling guilty, worthlessness Weight loss or gain Trouble sleeping Thinking about death or suicide

21 Treatment of Depression in Diabetes Important to see a trained mental health professional for counseling May need antidepressant medications Effective treatment of depression has been shown to improve diabetes control St. John s Wort can cause drug interactions

22 Erectile Dysfunction or Impotence? Erectile Dysfunction describes: Difficulty getting or maintaining an erection of the penis Impotence describes: Erectile dysfunction Lack of sexual desire Inability to reach or experience an orgasm Inability to ejaculate sperm during orgasm

23 Symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction in Men Can Vary Complete inability for erection Frequent inconsistent ability to achieve erection Inability to maintain an erection throughout intercourse

24 Risk Factors for Erectile Dysfunction in Men Physical diseases and disorders Surgery or trauma Medications Substance abuse Stress, anxiety, or depression Smoking

25 Diabetes and Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Men with diabetes are 3 times more likely to develop ED than those without diabetes ED in patients with diabetes may be a sign of poor blood sugar control By age 60, more than half of all men with diabetes will have experienced ED ED is often the first sign of autonomic neuropathy

26 Diabetes and Erectile Dysfunction (ED) ED can be seen at a younger age in men with diabetes Male infertility in diabetes is due to both erectile and ejaculatory failure Response to visual stimulation may be decreased The quality of the semen may be affected which can lead to infertility Improving glycemic control may help

27 Psychological Component of ED in Men with Diabetes Important in over 50% of cases Diminished self worth Fear of failure patients fear impotence more than blindness Marital disharmony More stress Decreased libido Decrease in sexual arousal Couples counseling can be very beneficial

28 Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction Limit or avoid use of all forms of tobacco Limit or avoid use of alcohol and other similar drugs Exercise regularly Use methods of stress reduction Get enough sleep Use effective approaches to deal with anxiety or depression See your doctor for regular checkups and medical screening tests

29 Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men Simple change of some lifestyle choices Review of medication side effects Psychotherapy Medication therapy Oral PDE inhibitors (caution with nitrates!) Levitra* Cialis* Viagra* Oral testosterone * Levitra is a registered trademark jointly shared by Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, GlaxoSmithKline and Schering Corporation. * Cialis is a trademark of Lilly ICOS LLC. * Viagra is a registered trademark of Pfizer Inc.

30 Symptoms of Sexual Dysfunction in Women Four types of sexual problems observed in women Desire disorders Arousal disorders Orgasmic disorders Sexual pain

31 Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction in Women Some causes of sexual dysfunction Physical conditions Diabetes Arthritis High blood pressure Vaginal Infections Hormonal-Estrogen deficiency Menopause Psychological counseling is recommended Depression Anxiety Stress

32 Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction in Women If desire is the problem Change your usual routine Muscle relaxation exercises If arousal is the problem Vaginal or estrogen creams Psychotherapy If orgasm is the problem Extra stimulation If pain is the problem Different positions Vaginal creams

33 Stress What is stress? Stress can be acute or chronic Stress can occur when: An event produces a strain on a person A person thinks a situation as challenging or threatening Stress is influenced by the Individual Environment

34 What makes something stressful for you? What are your major stressors? Life events Negative (traffic, arguing, doctor visits, tests, phone calls, holidays Positive (marriage, graduation, birth of a child, new job) Evaluating a stressful situation Our perspective and perception changes the way we view stress Beliefs, values and goals Change is stress

35 How does your body react to stress? Stress hormones (catecholamines, glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone) Symptoms (nervous, sweaty, palpitations, nausea) How does stress affect diabetes and vice versa? Increase blood glucose and ketones Some people actually have a decrease in blood glucose initially

36 Coping and Stress Management Coping is how each of us respond to a stressful situation There are certain questions that you need to ask yourself Strategies and Coping Skills Different for everyone Good strategies help us to maintain control and feel less tense, relaxed Bad strategies make you feel tired, angry, sick, tense

37 Important Factors in Coping Having enough information Write down what causes stress and anxiety in your life Feeling in control Do fewer things better Do not over commit Avoid stressful situations Having the support of others Family and friends Support groups talk with other people who have diabetes Healthcare team social worker, Psychologist

38 Schedule Regular Visits With Your Healthcare Team Every Day: Check blood glucose at home Every Visit: Blood pressure Foot exam Every 3 months: A1C Weight Every Year: Blood lipid test Dilated eye exam Test for urine protein Flu shot and other vaccinations Dental checkup

39 Conclusion Managing your blood sugar and keeping it under control can decrease your risk of complications Many of the complications of diabetes can be prevented by understanding more about foot, skin and dental care, strategies to cope with stressful situations and making the right lifestyle choices Working closely with your healthcare team is crucial You Can Live An Uncomplicated Life With Diabetes