Chronic Diseases: Obesity. Rachel Askari, Sarah Colla and Michelle He

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1 Chronic Diseases: Obesity Rachel Askari, Sarah Colla and Michelle He

2 Overview More than ⅓ of US adults are obese (36.5%). Can lead to diabetes, stroke and heart attack. Leading cause of mortality and disability Strains healthcare costs (total amount of costs for American adults with obesity amounts to $190 billion annually) Obesity is increasing around the world Can have deadly side effects and lead to other illnesses including type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, heart disease, sleep apnea, stroke, asthma, and numerous cancers

Diabetes: Type 2 Problem Added pressure on their body's ability to use insulin to control blood sugar levels The body makes enough insulin but the cells in the body have become insulin resistant and

3 Diabetes: Type 2 Problem Added pressure on their body's ability to use insulin to control blood sugar levels The body makes enough insulin but the cells in the body have become insulin resistant and it takes more insulin to maintain glucose levels Solutions/Preventions Maintain a healthy weight Eating well Physical activity Reducing your body weight, even a little, can help improve the body s insulin sensitivity Sadly, there s no cure for diabetes, only management and prevention

4 Statistics on Diabetes 85.2% of people with type 2 diabetes are obese 29.1 million people have been diagnosed Approximately 8.1 million may be unaware of their condition Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the US.

Strokes Problem Obesity/ Overweight are primary risk factors for stroke for men and women of all races. Obesity can increase the risk of stroke due to inflammation caused by excess fatty tissue.

5 Strokes Problem Obesity/ Overweight are primary risk factors for stroke for men and women of all races. Obesity can increase the risk of stroke due to inflammation caused by excess fatty tissue. This can lead to difficulty in blood flow and an increased risk of blockage, both of which can cause strokes. Degree of obesity, defined by body mass index, waist circumference, or waist-to-hip ratio, was a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke (stroke due to lack of blood flow, rather than due to clotting) Solution/Prevention One can minimize his/her risk of stroke by maintaining a healthy weight and blood pressure through eating well and being physically active. The American Heart Association recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of working out. Make a goal of getting 30 minutes of exercise, five times a week to keep your body moving.

Statistics of Strokes Every year, more than 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke. Stroke kills almost 130,000 Americans each year and is a leading cause of serious long-term disability.

6 Statistics of Strokes Every year, more than 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke. Stroke kills almost 130,000 Americans each year and is a leading cause of serious long-term disability. Obesity affects 66% of Americans, and those affected have a higher incidence of the risk factors of stroke, and are more susceptible to death or disability due to stroke. Strokes are the second largest cause of death in the world, and being obese increases your risk by 64%.

7 Heart Disease How does obesity lead to heart disease? Leading cause of death in adult men and women Intra-abdominal fat affects blood pressure and interferes with ability to use insulin regularly, leading to risk factors of heart disease, including: Hypertension Athlersclerosis Diabetes Obesity can lead to increased change of the enlargement of the left ventricle, known as left ventricular hypertrophy, due to increased blood pressure and strain on the heart, thus increasing chances of heart attack What are some possible solutions to the problem? Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains Elimination of trans and saturated fats from diet Medication Controlling sugar and salt intake Increased physical exercise (at least 30 min per day) Surgery may be necessary for those who have found the above suggestions unhelpful

8 Statistics on Heart Disease In 2016, heart disease caused about 1 in every 3 deaths Leading cause of death in the US 801,000 deaths per year due to heart disease (2016) The average direct and indirect costs of heart disease is $199.6 billion One American suffers a heart attack every 40 seconds

9 Question #1 How many people have been diagnosed with diabetes? A million B million C million D million

10 Question #2 How can you prevent obesity and diabetes? A. Eat more sugar and sit on the couch B. Exercise and eat healthy C. Take the appropriate amount of insulin

11 Question #3 Fill in the blank: Strokes are the largest cause of death in the world. A. 5th B. 3rd C. 2nd D. 7th

12 Question #4 The average total annual medical cost of heart disease is: A. 60 million B billion C billion D million

13 Question #5: Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of heart disease? A. Hypertension B. Muscle spasm C. Athlerosclerosis D. Diabetes

14 Works Cited 1. "Adult Obesity Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 Sept Web. 08 Mar "Obesity, African Americans, and Stroke." Emergency Medicine News 27.6 (2005): 16. Web. 3. "Obesity Information." Obesity Information. American Heart Association, n.d. Web. 08 Mar "What Is Obesity." What Is Obesity - The Obesity Society. The Obesity Society, n.d. Web. 10 Mar "Diabetes and Obesity." Diabetes.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar "Obesity." Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors - Obesity World Heart Federation. World Heart Federation, n.d. Web. 10 Mar "Obesity and Stroke: The Facts." Broccoli and Brains. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar "Heart Disease Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 Aug Web. 10 Mar "Obesity Action Coalition." Obesity Action Coalition Home Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar

Celebrate the lives of those surviving heart disease Create awareness of potential indicators signifying heart disease Provide information on

Celebrate the lives of those surviving heart disease Create awareness of potential indicators signifying heart disease Provide information on preventative measures Heart and blood vessel disease also called