5 Homeostasis and response higher (import)

Transcription

1 5 Homeostasis and response higher (import) Name: Class: Date: Time: 53 minutes Marks: 53 marks Comments: Page of 7

2 Describe how the brain is informed of the image detected by the retina (Total 3 marks) 2 A man hurt his head in an accident. Doctors found that he could not remember anything that had happened on the day of the accident. (a) (i) Name the part of the brain concerned with memory. () (ii) Name one method the doctors could use to find out how much the brain was damaged. () (b) The doctors were worried that the man might also have injured his spine. They touched different areas of his skin with a sharp point. They asked him to tell them each time if he could feel the sharp point. Page 2 of 7

3 (i) Explain how the information about the sharp point touching the skin reaches the man s brain. (6) (ii) The doctors found that the man could feel the sharp point when the point touched his arms but not when the point touched his legs. Suggest what this information could tell the doctors about the damage to the man s spinal cord. Explain your answer. (2) (Total 0 marks) 3 In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) is used to help some women get pregnant. (a) Name the two hormones used in IVF treatment (2) Page 3 of 7

4 (b) The diagram shows the process of IVF. Describe the process of IVF. Use information from the diagram to help you. (4) (Total 6 marks) Page 4 of 7

5 4 The internal body temperature determines how much a person sweats. The graph shows the effect of different internal body temperatures on a person s rate of energy loss by sweating. (a) How much more energy was lost from the body each second by sweating when the body temperature was 37.6 C than when it was 36.6 C? Show clearly how you work out your final answer Amount of energy =... joules per second (2) (b) Explain why a person would feel more thirsty when the body temperature was 37.6 C than when it was 36.6 C (2) Page 5 of 7

6 (c) Explain how sweating helps to control body temperature (3) (Total 7 marks) 5 (a) When a seed starts to grow, the young root grows downwards towards gravity. The young shoot grows upwards, away from gravity. (i) Name this type of plant response to gravity. () (ii) Give two reasons why it is useful for a young root to grow towards gravity (2) (iii) The root grows towards gravity due to the unequal distribution of a substance in the root. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. This substance is auxin. chlorophyll. sugar. () Page 6 of 7

7 (b) The drawings show some apparatus and materials. Page 7 of 7

8 In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. Describe how the students could use some or all of the apparatus and materials shown in the drawings to investigate the growth response of maize seedlings to light shining from one side. You should include a description of the results you would expect. (6) (Total 0 marks) Page 8 of 7

9 6 The number of cases of Type 2 diabetes in the UK is increasing rapidly. (a) Describe how insulin and glucagon help control the blood sugar concentration in a healthy person. (6) (b) What is Type 2 diabetes? () Page 9 of 7

10 (c) Body mass index (BMI) is a person s body weight divided by the square of his or her height. (i) Graph shows the relationship between BMI and the percentage probability of developing Type 2 diabetes. Graph Percentage probability of developing Type 2 diabetes Suggest an explanation for the relationship between BMI and the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. (2) Page 0 of 7

11 (ii) Graph 2 shows changes in the number of new cases of Type 2 diabetes in the UK. Graph 2 Year Suggest explanations for the trend shown by the data in Graph 2. (3) (Total 2 marks) Page of 7

12 7 A dog runs across the road in front of a car. The driver slams her foot on the brakes. (i) Explain how the nervous system brings about this response (4) (ii) Explain why alcohol consumption would affect the driver s response () (Total 5 marks) Page 2 of 7

13 Mark schemes an impulse or electrical signal accept electrical pulse do not credit message in receptor or neurone of retina accept nerve or rod or cone sent along optic nerve do not credit inverts the image [3] 2 (a) (i) cerebral cortex accept cerebrum / cerebral hemisphere (ii) MRI (scan) allow CAT / CT scan do not accept MIR or electrode stimulation allow electrical stimulation (b) (i) sharp point stimulates (pain) receptor (in the skin) must be in correct order to send (nerve) impulse ignore information and messages via sensory neurone Page 3 of 7

14 (ii) to spinal cord do not accept spine, ignore CNS crosses synapse allow synapse in any correct context to other (relay) neurones / to brain do not accept motor neurone allow explanation in a flow diagram damage must be between arms and legs / below arms accept below the waist since information from nerves in arms still reaches the brain / information from the legs doesn t reach the brain [0] 3 (a) (b) FSH / follicle stimulating hormone allow FHS either order LH / luteinizing hormone any four from: egg(s) collected from ovary (eggs) mixed with sperm or fertilisation occurs allow eggs and sperm put into tube fertilised egg divides embryo formed (embryos) inserted into womb / uterus ignore references to vagina FSH matures egg and LH releases eggs 4 [6] Page 4 of 7

15 4 (a) 345 to 350 ignore working or lack of working use of 355 to 360 and 0 for mark 2 (b) any two from: more sweating (at 37.6 C) more at least once in the first 2 points more water loss or dehydration occurs do not accept prevents dehydration only blood becomes (more) concentrated / (more) salty or need to replace water stimulation of the hypothalamus 2 (c) any three from: evaporation of water do not accept just water loss unqualified cools skin or uses heat from skin cools blood / heat from blood (passing through skin) related to sweating cooling the blood ignore vasodilation 3 [7] 5 (a) (i) gravitropism / geotropism not trophism ignore positive or negative (ii) any two from: anchorage takes in water takes in ions / minerals / salts / correct named example allow nutrients do not accept food 2 Page 5 of 7

16 (iii) auxin (b) Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Communication (QC) as well as the standard of the scientific response. Examiners should also refer to the information on page 5, and apply a best-fit approach to the marking. 0 marks No relevant content. Level ( 2 marks) There is a basic description of a simple method involving seedlings and light. Level 2 (3 4 marks) There is a description of a method involving seedlings in -sided light, and a control, with a correct observation. Level 3 (5 6 marks) There is a description of a method involving groups of seedlings in -sided light, and in control conditions. It includes some correct measurements or observations. examples of Biology points made in the response: use of scissors to cut tips from some shoots / cut hole in box use of forceps for handling seedlings use of ruler to measure lengths of shoots at start and at end other factors controlled eg temperature / water use of lamp + box re. one-sided lighting repetitions each treatment 3 times control in total darkness / all-round light time taken = several hours to a few days sample results: tip exposed to -sided light bend to light, tip removed vertical, control vertical 6 [0] 6 (a) (b) any six from: hormone(s) / named produced by pancreas if blood glucose levels are too high, insulin is produced / released allowing glucose to move from the blood into the cells / named eg liver glucose is converted to glycogen if blood glucose levels fall, glucagon is produced / released glycogen is converted to glucose causing glucose to be released into the blood diabetes that occurs when the body (cells) do not respond / are less responsive to insulin 6 Page 6 of 7

17 (c) (i) higher BMIs due to increase in mass / weight (relative to height) / obesity obesity / being overweight / being fat is a (significant) risk factor for Type 2 diabetes allow causes Type 2 diabetes (ii) any three from: related to described change in diet eg fast foods and less exercise which increases the chance of obesity / increases BMI increased awareness has helped to slow the increase 3 [2] 7 (i) eyes as sense organs/detector/receptors in eye, electrical signals (impulses), to co-ordinator, then to leg muscles/effector for mark each 4 (ii) affects the nervous system and slows down the reactions for mark [5] Page 7 of 7