VISUAL CORTICAL PLASTICITY
|
|
- Mitchell Powers
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 VISUAL CORTICAL PLASTICITY OCULAR DOMINANCE AND OTHER VARIETIES REVIEW OF HIPPOCAMPAL LTP 1
2 when an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly and consistently takes part in firing it, some growth or metabolic change takes place such that A s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased. -Donald Hebb, 1949 i.e., Fire together, Wire together Use it or lose it ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY Input Layer Competition or Cooperation? Target 2
3 PROPERTIES OF LTP IN CA1 3
4 Whitlock et al. show mimicry and occlusion 4
5 OCULAR DOMINANCE PLASTICITY CRITICAL PERIOD REGULATION OF PLASTICITY VISUAL PATHWAYS 5
6 Visual map refinement: Neighboring neurons in the retinotopic map fire together and wire together Retina SC Retina SC BINOCULAR VISION 6
7 OCULAR DOMINANCE COLUMN ASSAYS Development of Ocular Dominance Columns-Anatomy 7
8 Development of Ocular Dominance Columns-Physiology from Sanes et al ACTIVITY-DEPENDENCE 8
9 2/7/2015 SPONTANEOUS RETINAL ACTIVITY 3-eyed frogs: induction of OD columns from Constantine-Paton et al
10 REPRESENTATION OF HEBB'S POSTULATE AS IT MIGHT OPERATE DURING DEVELOPMENT OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM EFFECTS OF MONOCULAR DEPRIVATION ON OD COLUMNS OCULAR DOMINANCE PLASTICITY 10
11 Binocular deprivation has a minor effect- Evidence for interocular competition from Sanes et al Strabismus prevents binocularity- Interocular coordination is necessary from Sanes et al
12 OCULAR DOMINANCE PLASTICITY EXHIBITS A CRITICAL PERIOD from Purves et al CRITICAL PERIOD FOR OD PLASTICITY Juvenile Adult 12
13 MECHANISM: LTP/LTD? Common forms of synaptic plasticity in slices of adult rat hippocampus (A) and adult rat visual cortex (B). Bear M PNAS 1996;93: BCM Sliding Threshold Model Bear M PNAS 1996;93: by National Academy of Sciences 13
14 HEBBIAN PLASTICITY IN V1 Kirkwood A, Bear MF. Hebbian synapses in visual cortex. J Neurosci Kirkwood A 1, Lee HK, Bear MF. Co-regulation of longterm potentiation and experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in visual cortex by age and experience. Nature SUPPORTING EVIDENCE NMDAR-dependence 2B 2A Occlusion Critical period timing matches 14
15 LTP/LTD in Sensory Cortex Exhibits a Critical Period from Sanes et al LTP in Visual Cortex is Disrupted by NMDAR Blockade Hensch TK et al. J Neurosci
16 DO NMDA RECEPTORS HAVE A CRITICAL FUNCTION IN VISUAL CORTICAL PLASTICITY? THE OPERATION OF NMDA RECEPTORS IS DIFFERENT IN THE INTACT ANIMAL THAN IN VITRO. FOR EXAMPLE, NMDA RECEPTORS ARE ACTIVATED AT LOW LEVELS OF SENSORY INPUT IN INTACT ANIMALS BUT ONLY BY HIGH LEVELS OF INPUT IN SLICE PREPARATIONS. RECENT RESULTS SUGGEST THAT A RE-EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF NMDA RECEPTORS IN NEOCORTICAL PLASTICITY IS REQUIRED. FOX K, DAW NW. TRENDS NEUROSCI WHAT CAUSES THE CRITICAL PERIOD TO OPEN AND CLOSE? HOW COULD ADULT PLASTICITY BE PROMOTED? 16
17 CRITICAL PERIODS AND GABA GABA-AR function is necessary CRITICAL PERIODS AND GABA Toyoizumi T 1, Miyamoto H, Yazaki-Sugiyama Y, Atapour N, Hensch TK, Miller KD. A theory of the transition to critical period plasticity: inhibition selectively suppresses spontaneous activity. Neuron 2013 What causes critical periods (CPs) to open? For the best-studied case, ocular dominance plasticity in primary visual cortex in response to monocular deprivation (MD), the maturation of inhibition is necessary and sufficient. How does inhibition open the CP? We present a theory: the transition from pre-cp to CP plasticity arises because inhibition preferentially suppresses responses to spontaneous relative to visually driven input activity, switching learning cues from internal to external sources. This differs from previous proposals in (1) arguing that the CP can open without changes in plasticity mechanisms when activity patterns become more sensitive to sensory experience through circuit development, and (2) explaining not simply a transition from no plasticity to plasticity, but a change in outcome of MD-induced plasticity from pre-cp to CP. More broadly, hierarchical organization of sensory-motor pathways may develop through a cascade of CPs induced as circuit maturation progresses from "lower" to "higher" cortical areas. 17
18 PARVALBUMIN+ GABA+ BASKET NEURONS Bistable Parvalbumin Circuits Pivotal for Brain Plasticity Figure 1 Bistable Network Configurations of PV-Expressing Neurons in Brain Plasticity (A) Network configurations favoring plasticity. (B) Network configurations favoring stability Takao K. Hensch TK Cell
19 Selective Rearing Biases Response Properties 19
20 PLASTICITY IN THE AUDITORY PATHWAY Selective rearing experiments in the auditory system from Sanes et al
21 Barn Owls model system to study mechanisms of sound localization and neural plasticity in the midbrain. Barn Owl The Silent Hunter 21
22 Barn owl sound localization assay Azimuth - ITD; Elevation - IID 22
23 Barn owl Azimuth - ITD; Elevation - IID Barn owl space map in ICx 23
24 Barn owl sound localization: Parallel pathways for IID and ITD 24
25 Juvenile Plasticity- Behavior Juvenile Plasticity- Electrophysiology 25
26 Juvenile Plasticity- Anatomy Instructive Signals to ICx from ICc, Tectum 26
27 27
28 Sensitive period Physiological traces of learning in prism-reared adults Effect of age and prior experience on ITD map plasticity ANATOMICAL TRACES OF LEARNING IN PRISM-REARED ADULTS New terminals Shifted neurons Prism-induced shift Retrograde tracer Anterograde tracer Linkenhoker BA, von der Ohe CG, Knudsen EI. Anatomical traces of juvenile learning in the auditory system of adult barn owls. Nat Neurosci
29 Incremental Training in Adults Linkenhoker BA, Knudsen EI. Incremental training increases the plasticity of the auditory space map in adult barn owls. Nature 2002 Incremental Training in Adults 29
30 FACILITATION BY HUNTING Figure 1. Effect of prism experience with and without hunting on ITD tuning in the OT of an adult barn owl. Bergan, J. F. et al. J. Neurosci [arrows in B, D, E indicate expected ITD shift] Copyright 2005 Society for Neuroscience PLASTICITY IN THE SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAY 30
31 Somatotopic maps Rat Somatosensory Pathway After Woolsey & van der Loos,
32 BARREL CORTEX PLASTICITY Normal Spared C and β Lesion C row Woolsey & van der Loos, Science, 1973 BARREL CORTEX PLASTICITY Fig. 4. Supernumerary whiskers and extra barrels in an Ad-cShh-infected embryo. From Ohsaki et al 2002 Devel Brain ReS 32
33 Somatotopic map plasticity is Hebbian 33
34 Somatotopy matches lifestyle 34
35 2/7/2015 VISUAL ACUITY Visual Stimulation and Single Unit Recording 35
36 Visual Modules 36
Activity-Dependent Development II April 25, 2007 Mu-ming Poo
Activity-Dependent Development II April 25, 2007 Mu-ming Poo 1. The neurotrophin hypothesis 2. Maps in somatic sensory and motor cortices 3. Development of retinotopic map 4. Reorganization of cortical
More informationRetinal Waves and Ocular Dominance Columns
Retinal Waves and Ocular Dominance Columns In the cat, at birth, inputs from both eyes are intermingled in the visual cortex. Ocular dominance columns start to appear a few weeks after birth. They can
More informationPlasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development
Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development Jessica R. Newton and Mriganka Sur Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences Picower Center for Learning & Memory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge,
More informationTHEMES. *There is a connection between neural development and learning
Lecture 39 (Chapter 56) - Carol Mason Early Sensory Experience and the Fine Tuning of Synaptic Connections I. Effects of social deprivation Birds Humans Monkeys II. Visual system - from eye to thalamus
More informationChapter 9 Refinement of Synaptic Connections
Chapter 9 Refinement of Synaptic Connections Afferent Projection Error during Development During development there is a constant rearrangement of synaptic connections, new synapses are formed and old synapses
More informationA Model of Visually Guided Plasticity of the Auditory Spatial Map in the Barn Owl
A Model of Visually Guided Plasticity of the Auditory Spatial Map in the Barn Owl Andrea Haessly andrea@cs.utexas.edu Joseph Sirosh sirosh@cs.utexas.edu Risto Miikkulainen risto@cs.utexas.edu Abstract
More informationThe synaptic Basis for Learning and Memory: a Theoretical approach
Theoretical Neuroscience II: Learning, Perception and Cognition The synaptic Basis for Learning and Memory: a Theoretical approach Harel Shouval Phone: 713-500-5708 Email: harel.shouval@uth.tmc.edu Course
More informationSENSORY PLASTICITY. Sensory Plasticity
801 Sensory Plasticity SENSORY PLASTICITY You may have the idea that the visual, auditory and somatosensory systems are static pathways (i.e., the neural wiring is in place and simply does its job). To
More informationNeuroethology in Neuroscience or Why study an exotic animal
Neuroethology in Neuroscience or Why study an exotic animal Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine 1973 Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz Nikolaas Tinbergen for their discoveries concerning "organization and
More informationWhen cells are already maximally potentiated LTP is occluded.
When cells are already maximally potentiated LTP is occluded. Stein, V et al., (2003) J Neurosci, 23:5503-6606. Also found in Rat Barrel Cortex Ehrlich & Malinow (2004) J. Neurosci. 24:916-927 Over-expression
More informationCortical Map Plasticity. Gerald Finnerty Dept Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
Cortical Map Plasticity Gerald Finnerty Dept Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Learning Objectives Be able to: 1. Describe the characteristics of a cortical map 2. Appreciate that the term plasticity is
More informationSynaptic Plasticity and the NMDA Receptor
Synaptic Plasticity and the NMDA Receptor Lecture 4.2 David S. Touretzky November, 2015 Long Term Synaptic Plasticity Long Term Potentiation (LTP) Reversal of LTP Long Term Depression (LTD) Reversal of
More informationCell Responses in V4 Sparse Distributed Representation
Part 4B: Real Neurons Functions of Layers Input layer 4 from sensation or other areas 3. Neocortical Dynamics Hidden layers 2 & 3 Output layers 5 & 6 to motor systems or other areas 1 2 Hierarchical Categorical
More informationThe location of a sound source does not project directly onto
Colloquium Traces of learning in the auditory localization pathway Eric I. Knudsen*, Weimin Zheng, and William M. DeBello Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
More informationThis article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's
More informationNeural Activity and the Development of Brain Circuits
Neural Activity and the Development of Brain Circuits Carsten D Hohnke, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Mriganka Sur, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
More informationSynaptic plasticityhippocampus. Neur 8790 Topics in Neuroscience: Neuroplasticity. Outline. Synaptic plasticity hypothesis
Synaptic plasticityhippocampus Neur 8790 Topics in Neuroscience: Neuroplasticity Outline Synaptic plasticity hypothesis Long term potentiation in the hippocampus How it s measured What it looks like Mechanisms
More informationSynaptic plasticity and hippocampal memory
Synaptic plasticity and hippocampal memory Tobias Bast School of Psychology, University of Nottingham tobias.bast@nottingham.ac.uk Synaptic plasticity as the neurophysiological substrate of learning Hebb
More informationThe Ever-Changing Brain. Dr. Julie Haas Biological Sciences
The Ever-Changing Brain Dr. Julie Haas Biological Sciences Outline 1) Synapses: excitatory, inhibitory, and gap-junctional 2) Synaptic plasticity, and Hebb s postulate 3) Sensory maps and plasticity 4)
More informationSystems Neurobiology: Plasticity in the Auditory System. Jason Middleton -
Systems Neurobiology: Plasticity in the Auditory System Jason Middleton - jmiddlet@pitt.edu Auditory plasticity Plasticity Early development and critical period Adult plasticity and neuromodulation Brainstem
More informationVisual cortical plasticity
Visual cortical plasticity Deprivation-induced changes in representation Ocular dominance plasticity Retinal scotoma and cortical re-organization Perceptual learning-related plasticity Timing-dependent
More informationPharmacological Specialization of Learned Auditory Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Barn Owl
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1998, 18(8):3073 3087 Pharmacological Specialization of Learned Auditory Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Barn Owl Daniel E. Feldman and Eric I. Knudsen
More informationVision II. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Vision II Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Ganglion Cells The axons of the retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve and carry visual information into the brain. 2 Optic
More informationLecture 22: A little Neurobiology
BIO 5099: Molecular Biology for Computer Scientists (et al) Lecture 22: A little Neurobiology http://compbio.uchsc.edu/hunter/bio5099 Larry.Hunter@uchsc.edu Nervous system development Part of the ectoderm
More informationMemory retention the synaptic stability versus plasticity dilemma
Memory retention the synaptic stability versus plasticity dilemma Paper: Abraham, Wickliffe C., and Anthony Robins. "Memory retention the synaptic stability versus plasticity dilemma." Trends in neurosciences
More informationLong-term synaptic plasticity. N500, 6 Sept., 2016
Long-term synaptic plasticity N500, 6 Sept., 2016 We just finished describing short-term synaptic changes What about long-term changes? How does the brain store information? Outline Origins of the synaptic
More informationSpiking Neural Model of Supervised Learning in the Auditory Localization Pathway of Barn Owls
In D. Reitter & F. E. Ritter (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling (ICCM 2016). University Park, PA: Penn State. Spiking Neural Model of Supervised Learning in
More informationBehavioral Neurobiology
Behavioral Neurobiology The Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior THOMAS J. CAREW University of California, Irvine Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts PART I: Introduction
More informationThe Visual System. Cortical Architecture Casagrande February 23, 2004
The Visual System Cortical Architecture Casagrande February 23, 2004 Phone: 343-4538 Email: vivien.casagrande@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu Office: T2302 MCN Required Reading Adler s Physiology of the Eye Chapters
More informationCognitive Modelling Themes in Neural Computation. Tom Hartley
Cognitive Modelling Themes in Neural Computation Tom Hartley t.hartley@psychology.york.ac.uk Typical Model Neuron x i w ij x j =f(σw ij x j ) w jk x k McCulloch & Pitts (1943), Rosenblatt (1957) Net input:
More informationPart 11: Mechanisms of Learning
Neurophysiology and Information: Theory of Brain Function Christopher Fiorillo BiS 527, Spring 2012 042 350 4326, fiorillo@kaist.ac.kr Part 11: Mechanisms of Learning Reading: Bear, Connors, and Paradiso,
More informationControlling the critical period
Neuroscience Research 47 (2003) 17/22 Update article Controlling the critical period www.elsevier.com/locate/neures Takao K. Hensch * Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute,
More informationCognitive Neuroscience Structure and Function
Phylogeny of the cortex Cognitive Neuroscience Structure and Function The neocortex of mammals developed out of the primordial neopallium, which, like that of certain present-day amphibians, consisted
More informationBrain Plasticity. Takao K. Hensch. Center for Brain Science Dept Molecular Cellular Biology Center on the Developing Child Harvard University
Brain Plasticity Takao K. Hensch FM Kirby Neurobiology Center Department of Neurology Children's Hospital Boston Harvard Medical School Center for Brain Science Dept Molecular Cellular Biology Center on
More informationArtificial Neural Networks (Ref: Negnevitsky, M. Artificial Intelligence, Chapter 6)
Artificial Neural Networks (Ref: Negnevitsky, M. Artificial Intelligence, Chapter 6) BPNN in Practice Week 3 Lecture Notes page 1 of 1 The Hopfield Network In this network, it was designed on analogy of
More information1. The responses of on-center and off-center retinal ganglion cells
1. The responses of on-center and off-center retinal ganglion cells 2. Responses of an on-center ganglion cell to different light conditions 3. Responses of an on-center ganglion cells to different light
More informationSystems Neuroscience November 29, Memory
Systems Neuroscience November 29, 2016 Memory Gabriela Michel http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html Forms of memory Different types of learning & memory rely on different brain structures
More information9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Declarative memory conscious,
More informationHow has Computational Neuroscience been useful? Virginia R. de Sa Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
How has Computational Neuroscience been useful? 1 Virginia R. de Sa Department of Cognitive Science UCSD What is considered Computational Neuroscience? 2 What is considered Computational Neuroscience?
More informationIntroduction to Computational Neuroscience
Introduction to Computational Neuroscience Lecture 7: Network models Lesson Title 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Function of the NS 3 Windows to the Brain 4 Data analysis 5 Data analysis II 6 Single neuron
More informationNeural Plasticity: Merzenich,Taub, and Greenough
16 Neural Plasticity: Merzenich,Taub, and Greenough BY ERIN CLIFFORD Introduction REVIEW The study of neural plasticity has important implications for psychological development. Plasticity refers to the
More informationYou submitted this quiz on Sun 19 May :32 PM IST (UTC +0530). You got a score of out of
Feedback Ex6 You submitted this quiz on Sun 19 May 2013 9:32 PM IST (UTC +0530). You got a score of 10.00 out of 10.00. Question 1 What is common to Parkinson, Alzheimer and Autism? Electrical (deep brain)
More informationSensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction
Sensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction Sarah L. Chollar University of California, Riverside sarah.chollar@gmail.com Sensory Systems How the brain allows us to see, hear,
More informationBasics of Computational Neuroscience
Basics of Computational Neuroscience 1 1) Introduction Lecture: Computational Neuroscience, The Basics A reminder: Contents 1) Brain, Maps,, Networks,, and The tough stuff: 2,3) Membrane Models 3,4) Spiking
More informationBiomarkers in Schizophrenia
Biomarkers in Schizophrenia David A. Lewis, MD Translational Neuroscience Program Department of Psychiatry NIMH Conte Center for the Neuroscience of Mental Disorders University of Pittsburgh Disease Process
More informationVS : Systemische Physiologie - Animalische Physiologie für Bioinformatiker. Neuronenmodelle III. Modelle synaptischer Kurz- und Langzeitplastizität
Bachelor Program Bioinformatics, FU Berlin VS : Systemische Physiologie - Animalische Physiologie für Bioinformatiker Synaptische Übertragung Neuronenmodelle III Modelle synaptischer Kurz- und Langzeitplastizität
More informationNeurobiology of Behaviour:
Neurobiology of Behaviour: The mechanisms underlying an animal s response to its environment Department of Physiology awitney@tcd.ie http://www.medicine.tcd.ie/physiology/courses/student_area/ Comparative
More informationHunting Increases Adaptive Auditory Map Plasticity in Adult Barn Owls
9816 The Journal of Neuroscience, October 19, 2005 25(42):9816 9820 Development/Plasticity/Repair Hunting Increases Adaptive Auditory Map Plasticity in Adult Barn Owls Joseph F. Bergan, Peter Ro, Daniel
More informationRegistration of Neural Maps through Value-Dependent Learning: Modeling the Alignment of Auditory and Visual Maps in the Barn Owl s Optic Tectum
The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1, 1997, 17(1):334 352 Registration of Neural Maps through Value-Dependent Learning: Modeling the Alignment of Auditory and Visual Maps in the Barn Owl s Optic Tectum
More informationNeuroplasticity. Jake Kurczek 9/19/11. Cognitive Communication Disorders
Jake Kurczek 9/19/11 Activity Therapy Be creative Try new things Be prepared to fail Learn from past experiences Be flexible Participants begin working/communicating not good As they work together more
More informationSynap&c Plas&city. long-term plasticity (~30 min to lifetime) Long-term potentiation (LTP) / Long-term depression (LTD)
Synap&c Plas&city synaptic connectivity constantly changes in response to activity and other factors During development: provides the basic wiring of the brain s circuits Throughout rest of life: basis
More informationChapter 23: Wiring the Brain
Chapter 23: Wiring the Brain Introduction Operation of the brain Precise interconnections among 100 billion neurons Brain development Begins as a tube Neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, pathway formation, connections
More informationStructural basis for the role of inhibition in facilitating adult brain plasticity
Structural basis for the role of inhibition in facilitating adult brain plasticity Jerry L. Chen, Walter C. Lin, Jae Won Cha, Peter T. So, Yoshiyuki Kubota & Elly Nedivi SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES 1-6 a b M
More informationTiming and the cerebellum (and the VOR) Neurophysiology of systems 2010
Timing and the cerebellum (and the VOR) Neurophysiology of systems 2010 Asymmetry in learning in the reverse direction Full recovery from UP using DOWN: initial return to naïve values within 10 minutes,
More informationSynaptic plasticity. Mark van Rossum. Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation University of Edinburgh
Synaptic plasticity Mark van Rossum Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation University of Edinburgh 1 Human memory systems 2 Psychologists have split up memory in: Declarative memory * Episodic memory
More informationPerceptual Grouping in a Self-Organizing Map of Spiking Neurons
Perceptual Grouping in a Self-Organizing Map of Spiking Neurons Yoonsuck Choe Department of Computer Sciences The University of Texas at Austin August 13, 2001 Perceptual Grouping Group Two! Longest Contour?
More informationMemory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP. Reading: BCP Chapter 25
Memory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP Reading: BCP Chapter 25 Memory Systems Learning is the acquisition of new knowledge or skills. Memory is the retention of learned information. Many different
More informationCSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems
CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems Compare Chap 31 of Purves et al., 5e Chap 24 of Bear et al., 3e Larry Wittie Computer Science, StonyBrook University http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~cse511
More informationAbsence of Adaptive Modification in Developing Retinotectal Connections
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 528-532, March 1971 Absence of Adaptive Modification in Developing Retinotectal Connections in Frogs after Visual Deprivation or Disparate
More informationBeyond Vanilla LTP. Spike-timing-dependent-plasticity or STDP
Beyond Vanilla LTP Spike-timing-dependent-plasticity or STDP Hebbian learning rule asn W MN,aSN MN Δw ij = μ x j (v i - φ) learning threshold under which LTD can occur Stimulation electrode Recording electrode
More informationBasics of Computational Neuroscience: Neurons and Synapses to Networks
Basics of Computational Neuroscience: Neurons and Synapses to Networks Bruce Graham Mathematics School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Scotland, U.K. Useful Book Authors: David Sterratt, Bruce
More informationSession Goals. Principles of Brain Plasticity
Presenter: Bryan Kolb Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Date: January 12, 2011 The FASD Learning Series is part of the Alberta government s commitment to programs and
More informationEarly Brain Wiring: Activity-Dependent Processes
Early Brain Wiring: Activity-Dependent Processes by Anna A. Penn Abstract One of the leading theories of the neuropathology of schizophrenia is that it is a developmental disorder of "neural connectivity."
More informationCellular mechanisms of information transfer: neuronal and synaptic plasticity
Cellular mechanisms of information transfer: neuronal and synaptic plasticity Ivan Pavlov (UCL Institute of Neurology, UK) Anton Chizhov (Ioffe Physical Technical Institute) Pavel Zykin (St.-Petersburg
More informationSpike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to Perception
Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to Perception Yang Dan and Mu-Ming Poo Physiol Rev 86:1033-1048, 2006. doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2005 You might find this additional information useful...
More informationCognitive Neuroscience History of Neural Networks in Artificial Intelligence The concept of neural network in artificial intelligence
Cognitive Neuroscience History of Neural Networks in Artificial Intelligence The concept of neural network in artificial intelligence To understand the network paradigm also requires examining the history
More informationBehavioral Neuroscience: Fear thou not. Rony Paz
Behavioral Neuroscience: Fear thou not Rony Paz Rony.paz@weizmann.ac.il Thoughts What is a reward? Learning is best motivated by threats to survival? Threats are much better reinforcers? Fear is a prime
More informationPhysiology of Tactile Sensation
Physiology of Tactile Sensation Objectives: 1. Describe the general structural features of tactile sensory receptors how are first order nerve fibers specialized to receive tactile stimuli? 2. Understand
More informationThe Central Nervous System
The Central Nervous System Cellular Basis. Neural Communication. Major Structures. Principles & Methods. Principles of Neural Organization Big Question #1: Representation. How is the external world coded
More informationEvaluating the Effect of Spiking Network Parameters on Polychronization
Evaluating the Effect of Spiking Network Parameters on Polychronization Panagiotis Ioannou, Matthew Casey and André Grüning Department of Computing, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
More informationMechanisms of stimulus feature selectivity in sensory systems
Mechanisms of stimulus feature selectivity in sensory systems 1. Orientation and direction selectivity in the visual cortex 2. Selectivity to sound frequency in the auditory cortex 3. Feature selectivity
More informationNS201B Lecture part 2 November, How neural activity and molecular cues guide formation of maps and connections between visual areas
NS201B Lecture part 2 November, 2016 How neural activity and molecular cues guide formation of maps and connections between visual areas Michael P Stryker How do we study mapping? Tracers Reveal the details
More informationMemory: Computation, Genetics, Physiology, and Behavior. James L. McClelland Stanford University
Memory: Computation, Genetics, Physiology, and Behavior James L. McClelland Stanford University A Playwright s Take on Memory What interests me a great deal is the mistiness of the past Harold Pinter,
More informationIntroduction to sensory pathways. Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017
Introduction to sensory pathways Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017 Studying sensory systems: inputs and needs Stimulus Modality Robots Sensors Biological Sensors Outputs Light Vision Photodiodes
More informationL14. Sound Localization 2
L14. Sound Localization 2 Linear Summation + - Delay-line Coincidence Detector delay Jeffress Model r ( ) f ( t ) h( ) dt neural delay, ΔT September 19, 2011 BioNB4240 C. D. Hopkins 1 coincidence detectors
More informationSynapse. Structure & Function. Neurotransmitter Sequence. Integration. History: 10/4/12 original version
Synapse History: 10/4/12 original version Structure & Function (This content is covered in Sinjin's presentation, see link in calendar) Neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft Post-synaptic potential Excitation
More informationMechanisms of plasticity in the developing visual cortex and how behavioral state changes cortical gain and adult plasticity
Mechanisms of plasticity in the developing visual cortex and how behavioral state changes cortical gain and adult plasticity Michael P. Stryker Center for Integrative Neuroscience University of California,
More informationUNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT COURSE DESCRIPTION
UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT COURSE DESCRIPTION COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO NEUROSCIENCE COURSE CODE: FISA 8525 CREDIT HOURS: COURSE DURATION: 3 CREDITS (54 HOURS)
More information9.14 Classes #21-23: Visual systems
9.14 Classes #21-23: Visual systems Questions based on Schneider chapter 20 and classes: 1) What was in all likelihood the first functional role of the visual sense? Describe the nature of the most primitive
More informationSensory Physiology Bi353 Fall Term 2016
Lectures 2-3p MWF 111 Lillis (CRN 11012) Lab/Discussion Section 1 (CRN 11013) Friday 10-110:50a Hue 129 Lab/Discussion Section 2 (CRN 11014) Friday 11a-11:50a Hue 129 Lab/Discussion Section 3 (CRN 16400)
More informationLONG TERM MEMORY. Learning Objective Topics. Retrieval and the Brain. Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory. LTP Brain areas Consolidation Reconsolidation
LONG TERM MEMORY Retrieval and the rain Learning Objective Topics Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory LTP rain areas onsolidation Reconsolidation 1 Long-term memory How does info become encoded/stored in
More informationBIPN 140 Problem Set 6
BIPN 140 Problem Set 6 1) The hippocampus is a cortical structure in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (medial temporal lobe in primates. a) What is the main function of the hippocampus? The hippocampus
More informationSupplementary figure 1: LII/III GIN-cells show morphological characteristics of MC
1 2 1 3 Supplementary figure 1: LII/III GIN-cells show morphological characteristics of MC 4 5 6 7 (a) Reconstructions of LII/III GIN-cells with somato-dendritic compartments in orange and axonal arborizations
More informationLearning and Memory. The Case of H.M.
Learning and Memory Learning deals with how experience changes the brain Memory refers to how these changes are stored and later reactivated The Case of H.M. H.M. suffered from severe, intractable epilepsy
More informationSupplementary Information Supplementary Table 1. Quantitative features of EC neuron dendrites
Supplementary Information Supplementary Table 1. Quantitative features of EC neuron dendrites Supplementary Table 2. Quantitative features of EC neuron axons 1 Supplementary Figure 1. Layer distribution
More informationPsychology 320: Topics in Physiological Psychology Lecture Exam 2: March 19th, 2003
Psychology 320: Topics in Physiological Psychology Lecture Exam 2: March 19th, 2003 Name: Student #: BEFORE YOU BEGIN!!! 1) Count the number of pages in your exam. The exam is 8 pages long; if you do not
More informationCerebral Cortex 1. Sarah Heilbronner
Cerebral Cortex 1 Sarah Heilbronner heilb028@umn.edu Want to meet? Coffee hour 10-11am Tuesday 11/27 Surdyk s Overview and organization of the cerebral cortex What is the cerebral cortex? Where is each
More informationNEOCORTICAL CIRCUITS. specifications
NEOCORTICAL CIRCUITS specifications where are we coming from? human-based computing using typically human faculties associating words with images -> labels for image search locating objects in images ->
More informationProgressive maturation of silent synapses governs the duration of a critical period
Progressive maturation of silent synapses governs the duration of a critical period Xiaojie Huang a,b,1, Sophia K. Stodieck b,c,1, Bianka Goetze c, Lei Cui a,b, Man Ho Wong a,b, Colin Wenzel c, Leon Hosang
More informationBIPN 140 Problem Set 6
BIPN 140 Problem Set 6 1) Hippocampus is a cortical structure in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (medial temporal lobe in primates. a) What is the main function of the hippocampus? The hippocampus
More informationA neural circuit model of decision making!
A neural circuit model of decision making! Xiao-Jing Wang! Department of Neurobiology & Kavli Institute for Neuroscience! Yale University School of Medicine! Three basic questions on decision computations!!
More informationIntroduction to the Special Issue on Multimodality of Early Sensory Processing: Early Visual Maps Flexibly Encode Multimodal Space
BRILL Multisensory Research 28 (2015) 249 252 brill.com/msr Introduction to the Special Issue on Multimodality of Early Sensory Processing: Early Visual Maps Flexibly Encode Multimodal Space Roberto Arrighi1,
More informationANAT2010. Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018
ANAT2010 Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018 Table of Contents Lecture 13: Pain and perception... 3 Lecture 14: Sensory systems and visual pathways... 11 Lecture 15: Techniques in Neuroanatomy I in vivo
More informationTemporally asymmetric Hebbian learning and neuronal response variability
Neurocomputing 32}33 (2000) 523}528 Temporally asymmetric Hebbian learning and neuronal response variability Sen Song*, L.F. Abbott Volen Center for Complex Systems and Department of Biology, Brandeis
More informationMotor systems III: Cerebellum April 16, 2007 Mu-ming Poo
Motor systems III: Cerebellum April 16, 2007 Mu-ming Poo Population coding in the motor cortex Overview and structure of cerebellum Microcircuitry of cerebellum Function of cerebellum -- vestibulo-ocular
More informationModeling Depolarization Induced Suppression of Inhibition in Pyramidal Neurons
Modeling Depolarization Induced Suppression of Inhibition in Pyramidal Neurons Peter Osseward, Uri Magaram Department of Neuroscience University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92092 possewar@ucsd.edu
More informationLateral view of human brain! Cortical processing of touch!
Lateral view of human brain! Cortical processing of touch! How do we perceive objects held in the hand?! Touch receptors deconstruct objects to detect local features! Information is transmitted in parallel
More informationNeuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - -
BRAIN PLASTICITY Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - - Recently, it was found that new neurons and glial cells are born in specific brain regions - reorganization. Brain plasticity occurs
More informationMechanosensation. Central Representation of Touch. Wilder Penfield. Somatotopic Organization
Mechanosensation Central Representation of Touch Touch and tactile exploration Vibration and pressure sensations; important for clinical testing Limb position sense John H. Martin, Ph.D. Center for Neurobiology
More informationThe Central Auditory System
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM Each auditory nerve sends information to the cochlear nucleus. The Central Auditory System From there, projections diverge to many different pathways. The Central Auditory System There
More information