CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
|
|
- Bruce Evans
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 4. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION II: GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION Video 4-1: Observations and glutamate receptor channels
2 Synaptic transmission II 1 Constance Hammond
3 Observation 2 whole-cell configuration current-clamp mode stimulation glutamatergic presynaptic neuron recording postsynaptic response
4 Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 3 whole-cell configuration current-clamp mode stimulation action potential recording excitatory postsynaptic potential 2 ms EPSP = transient depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
5 Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 4 control + APV 2 mv 2 ms EPSP APV APV (40 µm) modifies the EPSP time course
6 Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 5 + APV 2 mv 2 ms EPSP APV + NBQX + APV + NBQX 1 µm APV + NBQX (1 µm) abolish the EPSP
7 Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 6 + APV 2 mv 2 ms EPSP + APV + NBQX 1 µm APV + NBQX Sometimes : residual response
8 Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 7 + APV control + APV 2 mv + APV + NBQX 1 µm + APV + APV + NBQX 1 µm
9 Glutamate receptors 8 ionotropic receptors (= receptor channels) metabotropic receptors
10 Structure of a glutamate receptor-channel 9 NH 2 glutamate N-terminal domain agonist ligand-binding domain out out transmembrane domains 4 subunits in in COOH C-terminal domain
11 Structure of a glutamate receptor-channel 10 3 types of glutamate receptor-channels: AMPA (GluA1-4 subunits) Kainate (GluK1-5 subunits) NMDA (GluN1-2A-D subunits) agonist out NH 2 N-terminal domain ligand-binding domain transmembrane domains in COOH C-terminal domain
12 Take home message 11 3 types of glutamate receptorchannels: AMPA, NMDA & Kainate AMPA receptors are made up of four GluA subunits (GluA1 to 4) NMDA receptors are made up of 4 GluN subunits (GluN1, GluN2A-D) Kainate receptors are made up of 4 GluK subunits (GluK1-5)
13 CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 4. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION II: GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION Video 4-2: Unitary AMPA receptor-mediated current
14 AMPA glutamate receptor-channel 12 glutamate O O HO OH AMPA HO NH 2 O NH 2 OH N O
15 Unitary AMPA receptor-mediated current 13 outside-out configuration voltage-clamp mode AMPA i o AMPA
16 Unitary AMPA receptor-mediated current 14 AMPA Voltage-independent AMPA receptor channel Cation current
17 Unitary AMPA receptor-mediated current 15 glutamate out in C O
18 CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 4. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION II: GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION Video 4-3: Total AMPA receptor-mediated current
19 Total AMPA receptor-mediated current 16 whole-cell configuration voltage-clamp mode spontaneous synaptic glutamatergic currents recording Glutamate afferent GABA afferent
20 Total AMPA receptor-mediated current 17 whole-cell configuration voltage-clamp mode spontaneous synaptic glutamatergic currents recording To isolate AMPA currents Blockers: gabazine (10 µm), GABA channel antagonist APV (40 µm) vs NMDA channel antagonist specific blocker of kainate channels, if necessary Glutamate afferent GABA afferent
21 Total AMPA receptor-mediated current and AMPA EPSP 18 The total spontaneous AMPA current is inward. decay
22 Summary on AMPA receptor-channels 19 Agonists: - glutamate - AMPA Antagonist: NBQX (1 µm) Voltage-independent Permeable to Na + and K + ions Permeability to Ca 2+ ions depends on the presence of the GluA2 subunit (see appendix)
23 CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 3. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION II: GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION Video 4-4: Unitary NMDA receptor-mediated current
24 NMDA receptor channel 20 glutamate O O HO OH NH 2 NMDA O HO HN OH
25 Unitary NMDA receptor-mediated current 21 outside-out configuration voltage-clamp mode
26 Unitary NMDA receptor-mediated current 22 outside-out configuration voltage-clamp mode
27 NMDA receptor blockade by Mg 2+ ions 23 outside-out configuration voltage-clamp mode Extracellular Mg 2+ ions block NMDA receptors at hyperpolarized potentials.
28 NMDA receptor blockade by Mg 2+ ions 24 glutamate Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Na + K + Voltage-sensitive Mg 2+ blockade
29 CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 4. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION II: GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION Video 4-5: Total NMDA receptor-mediated current
30 Total NMDA receptor-mediated current 25 whole-cell configuration voltage-clamp mode recording spontaneous synaptic currents Glutamate afferent GABA afferent
31 Total NMDA receptor-mediated current 26 whole-cell configuration voltage-clamp mode recording spontaneous synaptic currents To isolate NMDA currents: Blockers: gabazine (10 µm) vs GABA channels CNQX (10 µm) vs AMPA/KA channels V H = +40 mv (no Mg 2+ blockade) Glutamate afferent GABA afferent
32 Total NMDA receptor-mediated current 28 NMDA receptors are permeable to Ca 2+ ions and blocked by Mg 2+ ions.
33 Total NMDA receptor-mediated current 29 I N
34 NMDA channel opening in physiological conditions 30
35 Summary on NMDA receptor-channels 31 Agonists: - glutamate - NMDA Antagonist: APV Voltage-dependent (due to Mg 2+ blockade - see appendix) Permeable to cations: Na +, K + and Ca 2+
36 CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 4. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION II: GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION Video 4-6: Conclusion
37 Overview of glutamatergic transmission 32 Presynaptic membrane : - Ca 2+ channels - anchoring proteins - synaptic vesicle release sites - glutamate transporters (uptake) Postsynaptic membrane: - AMPA and/or KA and/or NMDA receptor-channels - mglur metabotropic receptors postsynaptic element
38 Overview of glutamatergic transmission 33 3 types of glutamate receptor-channels: AMPA, KA and NMDA. All composed of 4 subunits (tetramers) AMPA receptors: GluA1 to GluA4 subunits NMDA receptors: 2 GluN1 subunits + 2 GluN2A to D subunits
39 Overview of glutamatergic transmission 34 2 types of AMPA receptors: With the GluA2 subunit: permeable to Na + and K + cations impermeable to Ca 2+ ions (see appendix) the most common AMPA receptors Without the GluA2 subunit: permeable to Na +, K + and Ca 2+ cations (see appendix)
40 Overview of glutamatergic transmission 35 NMDA receptors Combined binding of two ligands: glutamate on GluN2 (A-D) subunits glycine on the GluN1 subunit (see appendix) Permeable to Na +, K + and Ca 2+ cations Voltage-sensitive (blockade by Mg 2+ ions at hyperpolarized potentials - see appendix) Slow kinetics
41 CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND Professor Constance Hammond Project manager Isabelle Virard Graphic designer Géraldine Fohr Movie director Marine Chabrolin Music Tetoma - Hicham Chahidi Translation Isabelle Virard et Atenao 2016
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 5. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION II: GABAERGIC TRANSMISSION Video 5-1: GABA A receptor-mediated current and potential changes GABAergic synaptic transmission 1 Constance
More informationCELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 6. SYNAPTIC INTEGRATION Video 6-1: Compound PSP, PSP propagation and summation Compound postsynaptic potential 2 whole-cell configuration current-clamp mode somatic
More informationCELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND 2. THE SODIUM ACTION POTENTIAL Video 2-1: Observations and hypotheses Sodium action potential 1 Observations 2 Patch clamp recording whole-cell configuration
More informationChapter 5 subtitles GABAergic synaptic transmission
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND Chapter 5 subtitles GABAergic synaptic transmission INTRODUCTION (2:57) In this fifth chapter, you will learn how the binding of the GABA neurotransmitter to
More informationChapter 6 subtitles postsynaptic integration
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND Chapter 6 subtitles postsynaptic integration INTRODUCTION (1:56) This sixth and final chapter deals with the summation of presynaptic currents. Glutamate and
More informationSynaptic Integration
Synaptic Integration 3 rd January, 2017 Touqeer Ahmed PhD Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences and Technology Excitatory Synaptic Actions Excitatory Synaptic Action
More informationLigand-Gated Ion Channels
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels The Other Machines That Make It Possible... Topics I Introduction & Electrochemical Gradients Passive Membrane Properties Action Potentials Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Topics II
More informationIonotropic glutamate receptors (iglurs)
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iglurs) GluA1 GluA2 GluA3 GluA4 GluN1 GluN2A GluN2B GluN2C GluN2D GluN3A GluN3B GluK1 GluK2 GluK3 GluK4 GluK5 The general architecture of receptor subunits Unique properties
More informationChapter 3 subtitles Action potentials
CELLULAR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CONSTANCE HAMMOND Chapter 3 subtitles Action potentials Introduction (3:15) This third chapter explains the calcium current triggered by the arrival of the action potential in
More informationTA Review. Neuronal Synapses. Steve-Felix Belinga Neuronal synapse & Muscle
TA Review Steve-Felix Belinga sbelinga@wustl.edu Neuronal synapse & Muscle Neuronal Synapses 1 Things you should know beyond the obvious stuff 1. Differences between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.
More informationNEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS AT SYNAPSES 34.3
NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS AT SYNAPSES 34.3 NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS AT SYNAPSES Neurons communicate with other neurons or target cells at synapses. Chemical synapse: a very narrow
More informationIONOTROPIC RECEPTORS
BASICS OF NEUROBIOLOGY IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS ZSOLT LIPOSITS 1 NEURAL COMMUNICATION http://sciencecore.columbia.edu/s4.html 2 Post-synaptic mechanisms Receptors-signal transduction-messengers 3 TRANSMITTER
More informationAction potential. Definition: an all-or-none change in voltage that propagates itself down the axon
Action potential Definition: an all-or-none change in voltage that propagates itself down the axon Action potential Definition: an all-or-none change in voltage that propagates itself down the axon Naturally
More informationSynapses and Neurotransmitters
Synapses and Neurotransmitters Communication Between Neurons Synapse: A specialized site of contact, and transmission of information between a neuron and an effector cell Anterior Motor Neuron Figure 45-5
More informationCellular Neurobiology / BIPN 140
SECOND MIDTERM EXAMINATION Fall, 2015 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1. Please write your name on ALL 6 pages. 2. Please answer each question IN THE SPACE ALLOTTED. 1) /10 pts 2) /10 pts 3) /15 pts 4) /15 pts 5)
More informationSynaptic transmission
Outline Synaptic transmission Sompol Tapechum M.D., Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. sisth@mahidol.ac.th 2 Structure of synapse Modes of synaptic
More informationProblem Set 3 - Answers. -70mV TBOA
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.131: Introduction to Neuroscience Course Director: Dr. David Corey HST 131/ Neuro 200 18 September 05 Explanation in text below graphs. Problem
More informationSession ID: 1001 June 14, 2012
It s Not Just Serotonin: Neurosignaling in Mental Illness Barbara J. Limandri, DNSc, APRN, BC Professor of Nursing Linfield College Learning Outcomes Distinguish between metabotropic and ionotropic neuroreceptors
More informationIt s Not Just Serotonin: Neurosignaling in Mental Illness
It s Not Just Serotonin: Neurosignaling in Mental Illness Barbara J. Limandri, DNSc, APRN, BC Professor of Nursing Linfield College Learning Outcomes Distinguish between metabotropic and ionotropic neuroreceptors
More informationNeurotransmitter Systems II Receptors. Reading: BCP Chapter 6
Neurotransmitter Systems II Receptors Reading: BCP Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems Normal function of the human brain requires an orderly set of chemical reactions. Some of the most important chemical
More informationQUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 7 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY [THE SYNAPSE AND PHARMACOLOGY]
QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 7 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY [THE SYNAPSE AND PHARMACOLOGY] Learning Objectives: Explain how neurons communicate stimulus intensity Explain how action potentials are conducted along
More informationBIPN100 F15 Human Physiology 1 Lecture 3. Synaptic Transmission p. 1
BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology 1 Lecture 3. Synaptic Transmission p. 1 Terms you should know: synapse, neuromuscular junction (NMJ), pre-synaptic, post-synaptic, synaptic cleft, acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholine
More information1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or to the head TA (jcolas).
Bi/CNS/NB 150 Problem Set 3 Due: Tuesday, Oct. 27, at 4:30 pm Instructions: 1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or e-mail to the head TA (jcolas). 2) Submit with this cover page. 3) Use a
More informationChapter 3 Neurotransmitter release
NEUROPHYSIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE CONSTANCE HAMMOND Chapter 3 Neurotransmitter release In chapter 3, we proose 3 videos: Observation Calcium Channel, Ca 2+ Unitary and Total Currents Ca 2+ and Neurotransmitter
More informationSynaptic Transmission
Synaptic Transmission Postsynaptic Mechanisms Synapses electrical and chemical Part I Neurotransmitters categories and life cycle Neurotransmitters examples and postsynaptic effects Pathology Part II Neurotransmitter
More informationWhat effect would an AChE inhibitor have at the neuromuscular junction?
CASE 4 A 32-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician s office with difficulty chewing food. She states that when she eats certain foods that require a significant amount of chewing (meat),
More informationNeurotransmitters and physiology of synapses
Neurotransmitters and physiology of synapses Rostislav Tureček Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS Department of Auditory Neuroscience turecek@biomed.cas.cz Neuronal communication 1) Electrical signals
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Basic properties of compound EPSPs at
Supplementary Figure 1. Basic properties of compound EPSPs at hippocampal CA3 CA3 cell synapses. (a) EPSPs were evoked by extracellular stimulation of the recurrent collaterals and pharmacologically isolated
More informationQUIZ YOURSELF COLOSSAL NEURON ACTIVITY
QUIZ YOURSELF What are the factors that produce the resting potential? How is an action potential initiated and what is the subsequent flow of ions during the action potential? 1 COLOSSAL NEURON ACTIVITY
More informationMOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE BMP-218 November 4, 2014 DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is composed of two primary divisions: 1. CNS - Central Nervous System (Brain + Spinal Cord)
More information5-Nervous system II: Physiology of Neurons
5-Nervous system II: Physiology of Neurons AXON ION GRADIENTS ACTION POTENTIAL (axon conduction) GRADED POTENTIAL (cell-cell communication at synapse) SYNAPSE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION NEURAL INTEGRATION CNS
More informationStructure of a Neuron:
Structure of a Neuron: At the dendrite the incoming signals arrive (incoming currents) At the soma current are finally integrated. At the axon hillock action potential are generated if the potential crosses
More informationPart 11: Mechanisms of Learning
Neurophysiology and Information: Theory of Brain Function Christopher Fiorillo BiS 527, Spring 2012 042 350 4326, fiorillo@kaist.ac.kr Part 11: Mechanisms of Learning Reading: Bear, Connors, and Paradiso,
More informationNeurophysiology and Synaptic Transmission Modules
Neurophysiology and Synaptic Transmission Neurophysiology and Synaptic Transmission Modules Module Listing Please complete the following online neurophysiology modules during the first week of class: Module
More informationCHAPTER 44: Neurons and Nervous Systems
CHAPTER 44: Neurons and Nervous Systems 1. What are the three different types of neurons and what are their functions? a. b. c. 2. Label and list the function of each part of the neuron. 3. How does the
More informationSynaptic Communication. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Synaptic Communication Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News The first exam is next week on Friday! Be sure to checkout the sample exam on the course website. 2
More informationNeuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3e. Chapter 4: The action potential
Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3e Chapter 4: The action potential Introduction Action Potential in the Nervous System Conveys information over long distances Action potential Initiated in the axon
More informationSynaptic Transmission: Ionic and Metabotropic
Synaptic Transmission: Ionic and Metabotropic D. Purves et al. Neuroscience (Sinauer Assoc.) Chapters 5, 6, 7. C. Koch. Biophysics of Computation (Oxford) Chapter 4. J.G. Nicholls et al. From Neuron to
More informationExamples of smallmolecule. peptide neurotransmitters
Examples of smallmolecule and peptide neurotransmitters Small- molecule transmitters are transported from the cytosol into vesicles or from the synaptic cleft to the cytosol by TRANSPORTERS Unconventional
More informationPRESYNAPTIC IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS AND CONTROL OF TRANSMITTER RELEASE
PRESYNAPTIC IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS AND CONTROL OF TRANSMITTER RELEASE Holly S. Engelman and Amy B. MacDermott Presynaptic nerve terminals are dynamic structures that release vesicular packages of neurotransmitter,
More information9.98 Neuropharmacology January (IAP) 2009
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.98 Neuropharmacology January (IAP) 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Neuropharmacology: The
More information1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or to the head TA (jcolas).
Bi/CNS/NB 150 Problem Set 3 Due: Tuesday, Oct. 27, at 4:30 pm Instructions: 1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or e-mail to the head TA (jcolas). 2) Submit with this cover page. 3) Use a
More informationHow Synapses Integrate Information and Change
How Synapses Integrate Information and Change Rachel Stewart class of 2016 https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/s1/chapter06.html https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/s1/chapter07.html Chris Cohan, Ph.D.
More informationEnhancement of synaptic transmission by cyclic AMP modulation of presynaptic I h channels. Vahri Beaumont and Robert S. Zucker
Enhancement of synaptic transmission by cyclic AMP modulation of presynaptic I h channels Vahri Beaumont and Robert S. Zucker Background I h channels discovered in 1976 (Noma A. and Irisawa H.) Voltage-gated
More informationLecture 22: A little Neurobiology
BIO 5099: Molecular Biology for Computer Scientists (et al) Lecture 22: A little Neurobiology http://compbio.uchsc.edu/hunter/bio5099 Larry.Hunter@uchsc.edu Nervous system development Part of the ectoderm
More informationMCB 160 MIDTERM EXAM 1 KEY Wednesday, February 22, 2012
MCB 160 MIDTERM EXAM 1 KEY Wednesday, February 22, 2012 Name: SID: Instructions: - Write in pen. (No regrades if written in pencil.) - Write name on top of each page. - Clearly label any illustrations.
More informationAstrocyte signaling controls spike timing-dependent depression at neocortical synapses
Supplementary Information Astrocyte signaling controls spike timing-dependent depression at neocortical synapses Rogier Min and Thomas Nevian Department of Physiology, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland
More informationSupporting Information
ATP from synaptic terminals and astrocytes regulates NMDA receptors and synaptic plasticity through PSD- 95 multi- protein complex U.Lalo, O.Palygin, A.Verkhratsky, S.G.N. Grant and Y. Pankratov Supporting
More informationAction Potentials and Synaptic Transmission. BIO 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross
Action Potentials and Synaptic Transmission BIO 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Review of action potentials Nodes of Ranvier Nucleus Dendrites Cell body In saltatory conduction, the nerve impulses
More informationION CHANNELS Ion channels establishing a resting membrane potential,
ION CHANNELS Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins whose function is - establishing a resting membrane potential, - shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of
More informationSample Lab Report 1 from 1. Measuring and Manipulating Passive Membrane Properties
Sample Lab Report 1 from http://www.bio365l.net 1 Abstract Measuring and Manipulating Passive Membrane Properties Biological membranes exhibit the properties of capacitance and resistance, which allow
More informationNeurons of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST)
Neurons of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST) Electrophysiological Properties and Their Response to Serotonin DONALD G. RAINNIE a Harvard Medical School and Department of Psychiatry, Brockton
More informationBIPN 140 Problem Set 6
BIPN 140 Problem Set 6 1) The hippocampus is a cortical structure in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (medial temporal lobe in primates. a) What is the main function of the hippocampus? The hippocampus
More informationIon Channels (Part 2)
Ion Channels (Part 2) Graphics are used with permission of : adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.awl.com/bc) -57- Quiz Question #2: Ion Channels This question asks
More informationBIPN140 Lecture 8: Synaptic Transmission II
BIPN140 Lecture 8: Synaptic Transmission II 1. Postsynaptic Receptors: Metabotropic & Ionotropic 2. Postsynaptic Responses (Postsynaptic Potentials, PSPs) 3. Neurotransmitters Su (FA16) Chemical Synapse:
More informationBIPN 140 Problem Set 6
BIPN 140 Problem Set 6 1) Hippocampus is a cortical structure in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (medial temporal lobe in primates. a) What is the main function of the hippocampus? The hippocampus
More informationSynaptic Plasticity and Memory
Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Properties and synaptic mechanisms underlying the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) The role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CamKII) in the induction,
More informationSynaptic plasticityhippocampus. Neur 8790 Topics in Neuroscience: Neuroplasticity. Outline. Synaptic plasticity hypothesis
Synaptic plasticityhippocampus Neur 8790 Topics in Neuroscience: Neuroplasticity Outline Synaptic plasticity hypothesis Long term potentiation in the hippocampus How it s measured What it looks like Mechanisms
More informationIon Channels Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com)
Ion Channels Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction At synapses, ions move across cell membranes through
More informationAmino Acid Neurotransmitters. Paul Glue
Amino Acid Neurotransmitters Paul Glue Objectives Review: Relative abundance of AAs vs monoamines Pharmacology of glutamate, GABA Postulated role of glutamate, GABA dysfunction in neuropsych disorders
More informationSynaptic plasticity. Activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength. Changes in innervation patterns. New synapses or deterioration of synapses.
Synaptic plasticity Activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength. Changes in innervation patterns. New synapses or deterioration of synapses. Repair/changes in the nervous system after damage. MRC Centre
More informationHuman Brain and Senses
Human Brain and Senses Outline for today Levels of analysis Basic structure of neurons How neurons communicate Basic structure of the nervous system Levels of analysis Organism Brain Cell Synapses Membrane
More informationDisclosures. Mechanism of Action Importance. Advances in Epilepsy Management: Does Mechanism-of- Action Matter?
Advances in Epilepsy Management: Does Mechanism-of- Action Matter? Barry E. Gidal, PharmD University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy & Dept. of Neurology Disclosures Speaking honoraria: UCB, Eisai,
More informationThe action potential travels down both branches because each branch is a typical axon with voltage dependent Na + and K+ channels.
BIO 360 - MIDTERM FALL 2018 This is an open book, open notes exam. PLEASE WRITE YOUR NAME ON EACH SHEET. Read each question carefully and answer as well as you can. Point values are shown at the beginning
More informationFunction of the Nervous System
Nervous System Function of the Nervous System Receive sensory information, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands to form a response Composed of neurons (functional unit of the nervous system)
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling The Neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons are composed of a cell body, which contains the nucleus and organelles; Dendrites which are extensions
More informationSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND MAINTENANCE OF NEURONS (a) (b) Dendrites Cell body Initial segment collateral terminals (a) Diagrammatic representation of a neuron. The break in
More informationPortions from Chapter 6 CHAPTER 7. The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses. Chapter 7 Outline. and Supporting Cells
CHAPTER 7 The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses Chapter 7 Outline Neurons and Supporting Cells Activity in Axons The Synapse Acetylcholine as a Neurotransmitter Monoamines as Neurotransmitters Other
More informationIntroduction to CNS 1
Introduction to CNS 1 Types of ion channels 1- voltage-gated 2-legends-gated Voltage-gated channel A voltage Sensor component of the protein controls the gating (broken arrow) of the channel. Voltage-gated
More informationVizcarra-Chacón et al. BMC Neuroscience 2013, 14:60
Vizcarra-Chacón et al. BMC Neuroscience 2013, 14:60 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Contribution of different classes of glutamate receptors in the corticostriatal polysynaptic responses from striatal direct
More informationChapter 4 Neuronal Physiology
Chapter 4 Neuronal Physiology V edit. Pg. 99-131 VI edit. Pg. 85-113 VII edit. Pg. 87-113 Input Zone Dendrites and Cell body Nucleus Trigger Zone Axon hillock Conducting Zone Axon (may be from 1mm to more
More informationCONTEXT. LTP (long term potentiation) definition. LTP as a interesting mechanism for learning and memory
CONTEXT LTP (long term potentiation) definition LTP as a interesting mechanism for learning and memory LTP is due primarily to a pre or post- synaptic modification? (Increased Glut release or increased
More informationCommunication Between
Communication Between Neurons Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The electrical changes taking place within a neuron, as described in the previous section, are similar to a light switch being turned on. A stimulus starts
More informationHow Synapses Integrate Information and Change
How Synapses Integrate Information and Change Rachel Stewart class of 2016 http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/chapter06.html http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/chapter07.html Chris Cohan, Ph.D. Dept. of
More informationLecture 14. Insect nerve system (II)
Lecture 14. Insect nerve system (II) Structures (Anatomy) Cells Anatomy How NS functions Signal transduction Signal transmission Overview More on neurons: ions, ion channel, ligand receptor Signal transduction:
More informationSupplementary Figure 1) GABAergic enhancement by leptin hyperpolarizes POMC neurons A) Representative recording samples showing the membrane
Supplementary Figure 1) GABAergic enhancement by leptin hyperpolarizes POMC neurons A) Representative recording samples showing the membrane potential recorded from POMC neurons following treatment with
More informationGlutamate Overview. How can one neurotransmitter have so many diverse functions?
tamate Overview How can one neurotransmitter have so many diverse functions? Darryle Schoepp, Ph.D. Senior Vice President and Franchise Head, Neuroscience Control of Excitability via Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
More informationvesicle diameter 0.5 nm 5 nm 50 nm 500 nm Lipid bilayer thickness.05 nm.5 nm 5 nm 50 nm
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.131: Introduction to Neuroscience Course Director: Dr. David Corey Name (write your name on every sheet) HST 131/Neuro 200 Exam I, Sept 29, 2004
More informationSection: Chapter 5: Multiple Choice. 1. The structure of synapses is best viewed with a(n):
Section: Chapter 5: Multiple Choice 1. The structure of synapses is best viewed with a(n): p.155 electron microscope. light microscope. confocal microscope. nissle-stained microscopic procedure. 2. Electron
More informationNeurochemistry 2. Loewi s experiment
Neurochemistry 2 Loewi s experiment Cengage Learning 2016 AP reaches the axon terminal and activates voltage-gated Ca++ channels (3 major classes). Ca++ influx results in exocytosis of neurotransmitters
More informationOutline. Neuron Structure. Week 4 - Nervous System. The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses
Outline Week 4 - The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses Neurons Neuron structures Types of neurons Electrical activity of neurons Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization Synapses Release of
More informationCellular Neurobiology BIPN140. 1st Midterm Exam October 18 th, Tuesday Material covered: Lectures 1-6 & Reading
Cellular Neurobiology BIPN140 1st Midterm Exam October 18 th, Tuesday Material covered: Lectures 1-6 & Reading Review session October 17 th 3500 Pacitic Hall, 6-8 pm (access code is 127895) Come with questions!
More information2Lesson. Outline 3.3. Lesson Plan. The OVERVIEW. Lesson 3.3 Why does applying pressure relieve pain? LESSON. Unit1.2
Outline 2Lesson Unit1.2 OVERVIEW Rationale: This lesson introduces students to inhibitory synapses. To review synaptic transmission, the class involves a student model pathway to act out synaptic transmission.
More informationAnatomy of a Neuron. Copyright 2000 by BSCS and Videodiscovery, Inc. Permission granted for classroom use. Master 2.1
Anatomy of a Neuron Master 2.1 Neurons Interact With Other Neurons Through Synapses Master 2.2 How Do Neurons Communicate? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Master 2.3 Neurons Communicate by Neurotransmission Neurons communicate
More informationSynaptic transmission
Michael J. Fox Hollywood actor John Nash Nobel prize laureate 1994 Synaptic transmission Sompol Tapechum, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital sisth@mahidol.ac.th www.ps.si.mahidol.ac.th
More informationNEUROTRANSMITTERS, POSSIBLE SITES OF ACTIONS, AND DRUG INFLUENCES. Prof. K. Chilaka Prof. P.c. Unekwe Dr. Eyibe Michael I.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS, POSSIBLE SITES OF ACTIONS, AND DRUG INFLUENCES Prof. K. Chilaka Prof. P.c. Unekwe Dr. Eyibe Michael I. Abstract Neurotransmitter, also known as chemical messengeris enodegenons chemical
More informationBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES CHAPTER 3 1 LEARNING GOALS Discuss how the nervous system communicates internally. Describe the structure and function of neurons Describe how the neuron transmits information Describe
More information1. (1 pt) At the equilibrium potential of an ion, what two things are equal? Electrical potential (voltage) and chemical potential (concentration)
MIDERM REVIEW QUESIONS: IO 3411 (hese are questions from 3 of the previous years midterms) 1. (1 pt) t the equilibrium potential of an ion, what two things are equal? Electrical potential (voltage) and
More informationCommunication within a Neuron
Neuronal Communication, Ph.D. Communication within a Neuron Measuring Electrical Potentials of Axons The Membrane Potential The Action Potential Conduction of the Action Potential 1 The withdrawal reflex
More informationNotes: Synapse. Overview. PSYC Summer Professor Claffey PDF. Conversion from an signal to a signal - electrical signal is the
PSYC 170 - Summer 2013 - Professor Claffey Notes: Synapse PDF Overview Conversion from an signal to a signal - electrical signal is the - chemical signal is the Presynaptic - refers to that sends/receives
More informationMCB MIDTERM EXAM #1 MONDAY MARCH 3, 2008 ANSWER KEY
MCB 160 - MIDTERM EXAM #1 MONDAY MARCH 3, 2008 ANSWER KEY Name ID# Instructions: -Only tests written in pen will be regarded -Please submit a written request indicating where and why you deserve more points
More informationNeurons. Pyramidal neurons in mouse cerebral cortex expressing green fluorescent protein. The red staining indicates GABAergic interneurons.
Neurons Pyramidal neurons in mouse cerebral cortex expressing green fluorescent protein. The red staining indicates GABAergic interneurons. MBL, Woods Hole R Cheung MSc Bioelectronics: PGEE11106 1 Neuron
More informationIntroduction to Neurobiology
Biology 240 General Zoology Introduction to Neurobiology Nervous System functions: communication of information via nerve signals integration and processing of information control of physiological and
More informationUSING HETEROLOGOUS SYNAPSE SYSTEMS TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF POSTSYNAPTIC MOLECULES ON PRESYNAPTIC STRENGTHENING AT EXCITATORY SYNAPSES
USING HETEROLOGOUS SYNAPSE SYSTEMS TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF POSTSYNAPTIC MOLECULES ON PRESYNAPTIC STRENGTHENING AT EXCITATORY SYNAPSES by Kamesh Krishnamurthy Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Figure 1. Normal AMPAR-mediated fepsp input-output curve in CA3-Psen cdko mice. Input-output curves, which are plotted initial slopes of the evoked fepsp as function of the amplitude of the
More information9/28/2016. Neuron. Multipolar Neuron. Astrocytes Exchange Materials With Neurons. Glia or Glial Cells ( supporting cells of the nervous system)
Neuron Multipolar Neuron https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lw-psbnu5xago to :38 Glia or Glial Cells ( supporting cells of the nervous system) 10X more numerous than neurons but one-tenth the size make up
More information3.E.2 Continued. This is the essential knowledge statement from the curriculum framework. Detect---process--- response
Nervous System: Part III What Happens at a Synapse? 3.E. Continued Animals have nervous systems that detect external and internal signals, transmit and integrate information, and produce responses. This
More informationNotes are online at The Neuron
Notes are online at http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/~clovett/neuronotescogs17.pdf A. What is a neuron? The Neuron 1. A neuron is a type of cell that receives and transmits information in the Central Nervous System
More informationChapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition
Chapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Two principles about neurons were defined by Ramón y Cajal. The principle of connectional specificity states that, whereas the principle
More information