ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. Rectal Diazepam Gel for Treatment of Acute Repetitive Seizures in Adults
|
|
- William Kelly
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Rectal Diazepam Gel for Treatment of Acute Repetitive Seizures in Adults James J. Cereghino, MD; James C. Cloyd, PharmD; Ruben I. Kuzniecky, MD; for the North American Diastat Study Group Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of diazepam (DZP) rectal gel (Diastat; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland) for the treatment of acute repetitive seizures in adult patients in 2 multicenter, doubleblind, placebo-controlled parallel studies. Methods: Ninety-six adults 18 years or older with acute repetitive seizures, 70 of whom received treatment, were randomized into the 2 studies. Active and placebo medications were supplied in prefilled, identical-appearing delivery systems. In study 001, patients received a second dose 4 hours after the initial treatment. Patients in study 003 received only 1 treatment. Patients were observed for 12 hours after the first dose. Results: There was a significant reduction in seizure frequency in patients who received DZP compared with the placebo group. The median number of seizures per hour in the group treated with DZP rectal gel was 0.00, vs 0.13 in the placebo group (P=.002). In addition, significantly more DZP rectal gel treated patients remained seizurefree during the 12-hour observation period (71% [22/31] vs 28% [11/39]). Using Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis, time to the next seizure was found to be significantly longer in DZP rectal gel treated than placebo-treated patients (P.001). Global assessment as provided by the caregivers was in favor of DZP rectal gel for both study 001 (P=.17) and study 003 (P=.02). Dizziness and somnolence were the only central nervous system adverse events that occurred more frequently in patients receiving DZP rectal gel than in those receiving placebo. Conclusion: In adults, rectal DZP formulated as Diastat significantly reduced the likelihood of seizure recurrence during an episode of acute repetitive seizures, with minimal safety concerns. Arch Neurol. 2002;59: Author affiliations are listed at the end of the article. A list of the members of the North American Diastat Study Group appears in a box on page SOME ADULTS with epilepsy periodically exhibit characteristic episodes of repetitive seizures distinct from their usual seizure pattern. Terms used for this seizure phenomenon in the past century include serial, cluster, recurrent, and repetitive, and most recently, acute repetitive seizures (ARS). 1-4 Characterized as a severe, predictable component of a patient s seizure disorder, ARS as defined jointly by the physician and caregiver is easily recognized. It is historically distinct from the patient s other seizures in either type, frequency, severity, or duration. An ARS episode may last from minutes to hours but rarely for more than 1 day. Its onset may have a consistent predictable component (eg, aura or prodrome) temporally linked to subsequent seizures. 5 This condition may diminish the function and quality of life for the patient and family. Benzodiazepines are considered the treatment of choice for the short-term management of severe seizures. 6 This class of drugs is active against a wide range of seizure types, has a rapid onset of action once delivered into the central nervous system, and is relatively safe. Diazepam (DZP), oral or rectal, and lorazepam (oral, sublingual, and rectal) have been used to treat ARS Midazolam hydrochloride by intramuscular administration has been used in hospital settings; it has also been used intranasally. However, midazolam is not formulated for this route, the solution may be irritating, and the required dose of several milliliters has not been fully explored for the potential for aspiration Oral, buccal, and sublingual administration are frequently difficult, impossible, or hazardous when the patient is in the middle of a seizure or in a postictal state. In addition, drug absorption after oral administration of tablets is substantially slower than after rectal administration of solutions When given rectally as a solution, DZP has several attractive properties relevant to the treatment of ARS. It is highly lipid soluble, resulting in prompt absorption, and 1915
2 it rapidly enters the central nervous system. 19,20 Peak blood concentrations after rectal administration of a DZP solution are usually achieved within 3 to 30 minutes, and bioavailability averages 80% to 100%. 7,20-23 After absorption from rectal administration, plasma DZP levels equilibrate with levels in the brain, muscle, and fat tissues. This process reduces both the peak concentration (limiting the potential for toxicity) and the rapid decline in brain concentration that occurs after intravenous administration. 19 Diazepam suppositories display slower and more erratic absorption, limiting efficacy and reliability in this setting. 16 In an effort to provide effective therapy that can be administered by a nonmedical caregiver, a viscous formulation of DZP has been developed for rectal use (Diastat; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland). The rectal delivery system includes a plastic applicator with a flexible, molded tip available in pediatric and adult lengths and a dosage range suitable for small children to large adults. In a clinical pharmacokinetic study, Diastat produced a rapid, consistent absorption of DZP and was well tolerated.minimallyeffectiveconcentrationswereachievedwithin 15 minutes, and maximum concentrations within 45 minutes. The absolute bioavailability of rectally administered DZP gel was 90.4%, with a range of 70.8% to 110.0%. 19 To assess the value of home treatment of ARS, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Bethesda, Md) conducted a clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of the DZP rectal gel delivery system in adults and children. Subsequently, the manufacturer sponsored a second independent clinical trial. The results of these studies have been published in separate reports. 24,25 In this article, we summarize the combined data of the adults from these 2 studies; combining the data provided a larger sample size. Although the methods were somewhat different, the definitions of the main end points were sufficiently similar to allow us to compare the effects of DZP rectal gel with placebo. The larger sample size permitted an analysis of the incidence of adverse effects and the number of seizure-free adults, which was not possible in the initial reports. METHODS This article contains a subset of patients enrolled in both the initial clinical trial by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (study 001: Rectal Administration of Diastat for Acute Repetitive Seizures) 25 and the subsequent clinical trial (study 003) sponsored by Athena Neurosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif (now Elan Pharmaceuticals). 24 Adult patients were considered to be those 18 years or older; this is slightly different from the original reports, in which the cutoff was 15 years or older for study 001 and 12 years or older for study 003. Data from the pediatric subset of these patients (aged 2-17 years) were reported separately. 5 The 2 study protocols were identical except as indicated in this section. The methods for these studies may be found in detail in the previous reports. 24,25 A brief summary of the methods is presented as follows. Both studies were prospective, multicenter, doubleblind, placebo-controlled parallel trials. Patients were randomized by age and site using a computer-generated code at the time of admission to the study. We defined ARS as an episode of multiple seizures of a complex partial or generalized type (tonic, clonic, tonicclonic, atypical absence, or myoclonic) occurring within the observation period and distinct from the patient s usual seizure pattern as determined by the caregiver. Patients must have had at least 4 (study 001) or 2 (study 003) ARS episodes within the previous year, and 1 episode within the previous 6 months. All patients were refractory and continued to have seizures even though most received polytherapy at optimal doses of each antiepileptic drug. The protocol and consent forms were approved by each center s institutional review board. Patients or legal guardians provided written informed consent. Active and placebo medications were supplied by the manufacturer in prefilled, identical-appearing delivery systems with rectal tips and lubricant. Two tip sizes were made: 4.4 cm and 6.0 cm. The targeted dose was 0.2 mg/kg. In study 001, patients received a second dose 4 hours after the initial treatment; patients 15 years or older received a third dose 12 hours later. Patients in study 003 received only 1 treatment. The caregiver initiated treatment when an ARS episode was identified. During the treatment period, a study nurse or physician was available by pager and for telephone consultation and clinical monitoring. The observation period for seizures and safety assessments began after the first dose and continued in study 001 for 12 hours for children younger than 15 years, and for 24 hours for those 15 years and older. The observation period for all patients in study 003 was 12 hours. Efficacy variables were selected from those common to both original studies: seizure frequency, time to next seizure, and caregiver s global evaluation of outcome. In study 001, caregivers began recording seizures immediately following administration of the study medication, whereas in study 003, this began 15 minutes following administration. When data from the 2 studies were combined, however, data collected during the first 15 minutes in study 001 were not included. In study 001, global evaluations were based on a 3-point scale (better, same, or worse); in study 003, global evaluations were based on a 10-cm visual analog scale (0=much worse than before; 10=much better than before). At the posttreatment visit, the study nurse and caregiver recorded adverse events. Respiratory rates of less than 10 respirations per minute were considered to be lower than the acceptable limit. Serious adverse events were defined by Food and Drug Administration criteria (death, immediately life threatening, hospitalization required, permanently disabling, causing cancer or congenital anomaly, or drug overdose). Categorical demographic measures were analyzed for comparability between treatment groups with a 2 test, whereas continuous measures were analyzed using a 2-sample t test. Seizure count was defined as the number of seizures within an ARS episode starting 15 minutes after treatment with the study medication. Seizure frequency was reported as the number of seizures per hour and was analyzed with a Wilcoxon rank sum test because the data were not normally distributed. A 2 test was used to detect treatment group differences in the number of patients who were seizure-free during the observation period. Differences in time to next seizure were graphically presented using Kaplan-Meier curves. A modified Wilcoxon test was used to compare time to first seizure between treatment groups. Because of differences in measurement systems, probability for global assessment was measured in study 001 with a Fisher exact test and in study 003 with a van Elteren extension to the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS We enrolled 96 adults; 42 were randomized into the DZP rectal gel treatment arm, and 54 into the placebo treatment arm. Of these 96 patients, 70 experienced an ARS episode and were treated with the test medication (DZP rectal gel: 74% [31/42]; placebo: 72% [39/54]). The de- 1916
3 Table 1. Demographics of Randomized Patients* Characteristic Diazepam (n = 31) Placebo (n = 39) All (N = 70) P Value Age, y.73 Mean ± SD 29.1 ± ± ± 10.9 Range Sex.40 F 15 (48.4) 15 (38.5) 30 (42.9) M 16 (51.6) 24 (61.5) 40 (57.1) Race.31 White 25 (80.7) 36 (92.3) 61 (87.1) African American 4 (5.7) 2 (5.1) 6 (8.6) Hispanic... 1 (2.6) 1 (1.4) Asian American 1 (3.2)... 1 (1.4) Other 1 (3.2)... 1 (1.4) *Data are presented as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. Ellipses indicate not applicable. P values were determined using a t test for continuous measures and a 2 test for categorical measures. mographics of the treated patients are presented in Table 1. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups according to these measures (sex: P=.34; race: P=.43; age: P=.61). There was a significant reduction in seizure frequency in patients who received DZP rectal gel compared with the placebo group (Table 2). The median number of seizures per hour in the DZP rectal gel treated group was 0.00, vs 0.13 in the placebo group (P=.002). In addition, significantly more DZP rectal gel treated patients remained seizure-free during the 12- hour observation period (71% [22/31] vs 28% [11/39]). The DZP rectal gel exerted a prompt therapeutic effect that persisted throughout the observation period (Figure). Time to the next seizure as measured using Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis was significantly longer in DZP rectal gel treated than placebo-treated patients (P.001). Global assessment as provided by the caregivers was in favor of DZP rectal gel for both study 001 (P=.17) and study 003 (P=.02) (Table 3). The proportion of patients who remained seizurefree in study 001 (multiple dose) was 73% (8/11) vs 15% (3/20) in the DZP rectal gel and placebo groups, respectively. Thus, the treatment effect (DZP rectal gel minus placebo) was 58%. The proportion of patients who remained seizure-free in study 003 (single dose) was 70% (14/20) vs 42% (8/19) in the DZP rectal gel and placebo groups, respectively, for a treatment effect of 38% (Table 2). The proportion of patients experiencing at least 1 adverse event was higher (32% [10/31]) in the DZP rectal gel treated group than in the placebo-treated group (23% [9/39]). Somnolence and dizziness were the only central nervous system adverse events that occurred more frequently in the patients receiving DZP rectal gel than in those receiving placebo (Table 4). The only serious adverse events occurred in 2 patients in the DZP rectal gel group who inadvertently received more than 180% of the intended doses. These resolved without incident. Two patients in the placebo group discontinued the study because of adverse events: Seizure-Free Patients, % Table 2. Median Seizures per Hour During Postdose Observation Period Diazepam Placebo P Value* Both studies Sample size Mean Median (range) 0.00 (0-1.8) 0.13 (0-11.8) Seizure-free, No. (%) 22 (71) 11 (28).001 Study 001 Sample size Mean Median (range) 0.00 (0-1.8) 0.13 (0-11.8) Seizure-free, No. (%) 8 (73) 3 (15).001 Study 003 Sample size Mean Median (range) 0.00 (0-1.3) 0.08 (0-0.83) Seizure-free, No. (%) 14 (70) 8 (42).08 *P values for mean seizures per hour were determined using a Wilcoxon 2-sample test, and for percent seizure-free using a 2 test Diazepam Placebo Time Postdose, h Kaplan-Meier survival curves for time to next seizure. P.001 using the 2 test. one patient was taken to the emergency department and did not receive all prescribed doses, and a second patient continued to have seizures during the observation period, became cyanotic, was treated with lorazepam at home, and had to discontinue the study prematurely. The only anorectal event occurred in 1 placebo-treated patient who reported rectal burning for approximately 1 minute. This patient had a history of prostate hypertrophy. The median respiratory rates were similar in the DZP rectal gel and placebo groups, and the minimum observed was lower in the placebo-treated group (Table 5). No DZP rectal gel treated patient had a respiratory rate lower than the criterion( 10 per minute) in either study. At least 2 placebo-treated patients (both in study 001) reached this criterion several times. There were no reports of severe respiratory depression necessitating emergency medical care in either treatment group. 1917
4 Table 3. Global Assessment Study 001* A B C Total Treatment Diazepam Placebo Study 003 Sample Size Median Mean Minimum Maximum Treatment Diazepam Placebo *In study 001, the overall evaluation was either A (better), B (same), or C (worse) (P =.17 using a Wilcoxon 2-sample test). Data are presented as number of patients. In study 003, global assessment was based on a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 (0 = much worse than before; 10 = much better than before) (P =.02). Table 4. Adverse Events* Diazepam (n = 31) Placebo (n = 39) All (N = 70) Subjects reporting at least 1 adverse event 10 (32) 9 (23) 19 (27) Body as a whole 1 (3) 5 (13) 6 (9) Abdominal pain 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Headache 1 (3) 2 (5) 3 (4) Pain 0 2 (5) 2 (3) Cardiovascular 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Palpitation 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Digestive 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Nausea 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Vomiting 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Hematic and lymphatic 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Cyanosis 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Nervous 7 (23) 4 (10) 11 (16) Agitation 1 (3) 0 1 (1) Dizziness 2 (6) 1 (3) 3 (4) Euphoria 1 (3) 0 1 (1) Hyperkinesia 1 (3) 1 (3) 2 (3) Somnolence 4 (13) 3 (8) 7 (10) Tremor 0 1 (3) 1 (1) Skin and appendages 1 (3) 0 1 (1) Sweating 1 (3) 0 1 (1) Urogenital 1 (3) 0 1 (1) Urinary tract infection 1 (3) 0 1 (1) *Subjects are counted only once in each event category per treatment and only once in each body system summary per treatment. Data are presented as number (percentage). Table 5. Respiratory Rates After Treatment* Diazepam Placebo Time After Dose, min Sample Size Median Minimum Sample Size Median Minimum *If the patient had more than 1 reading per time point, the mean value was obtained. Data are presented as respirations per minute. COMMENT When given intravenously to treat seizure emergencies, DZP is associated with a higher rate of adverse events in adults than seen in children. 26 Previous controlled clinical trials involving both adults and children have demonstrated that DZP rectal gel is safe and effective. 24,25 Given the differential response to DZP rectal gel in children and 1918
5 North American Diastat Study Group B. Abou-Khalil, MD; W. E. Bell, PhD; D. C. Bergen, MD; L. Brown, MD; R. Burgerman, MD; J. J. Cereghino, MD; R. Cheng, MD; J. C. Cloyd, PharmD; A. Chutorian, MD; J. A. Conry, MD; J. Cooper, MD; P. K. Crumrine, MD; F. E. Dreifuss, MD (deceased); K. Farrell, MB; J. Farwell, MD; E. Faught, MD; R. Finkel, MD; L. Groves, PhD; P. Kotagal, MD; R. Kramer, MD; R. L. Kriel, MD; R. I. Kuzniecky, MD; C. W. Lai, MD; R. Lesser, MD; W. D. Lo, MD; F. Matsuo, MD; W. G. Mitchell, MD; J. Murphy, MD; B. Parks, Jr, PhD; J. M. Pellock, MD; R. E. Ramsay, MD; A. R. Riela, MD; W. E. Rosenfeld, MD; N. P. Rosman, MD; G. B. Sharp, MD; M. K. Shellenberger, PhD; A. Spiegel, MD; E. Trevathan, MD; C. Y. Tsao, MD. adults, it is important to examine the outcomes associated with its use separately in adults. The treatment reduced the number of subsequent seizures, with 71% (22/ 31) of DZP rectal gel treated patients remaining seizurefree throughout the 12- to 24-hour observation period relative to 28% (11/39) of placebo-treated patients. This treatment effect was clinically and statistically significant. Considering the stratification by study, in which one used a single dose and the other used multiple doses, the evidence suggests that multiple doses may be more effective than a single dose. Additionally, DZP rectal gel was well tolerated. Adverse events were few, and most were not clinically important. Somnolence and dizziness, which are expected with the immediate administration of a benzodiazepine, were the only adverse events seen significantly more often in DZP rectal gel treated patients. No patient treated with DZP rectal gel experienced respiratory depression according to the study criterion ( 10 respirations per minute). We do point out, however, that these studies were not designed to evaluate the elderly population specifically and that the inclusion of elderly patients was only incidental to the general population. There are several unique benefits of a rectal DZP gel in the treatment of ARS. Efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in these well-controlled clinical studies. Administration does not require the handling or use of glass ampules, needles, or syringes, and the potential for dose errors or abuse is minimized. The rectal DZP gel fills a need for more convenient and comfortable delivery systems. Home treatment of ARS episodes thus becomes accessible to a much larger number of patients. The increased control and autonomy provided by home treatment may improve both the patient s and family s quality of life. Our experience adds to that of others who have demonstrated that home therapy can be safe and effective for the treatment of acute seizure conditions, reducing the need for more costly emergency medical care. 7,27,28 Other controlled clinical trials with rectal DZP gel have demonstrated the value of this therapy in treating seizure emergencies. In summary, rectal DZP, formulated into a viscous gel as Diastat, is an effective and safe treatment to abort episodes of ARS in adults and additionally lessens the likelihood of seizure recurrence within the next 12 hours. The efficacy and safety of DZP rectal gel in adults was similar to that previously reported in children. 5 Accepted for publication June 6, From the Epilepsy Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (Dr Cereghino); College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Dr Cloyd); and University of Alabama Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (Dr Kuzniecky). Drs Cereghino, Cloyd, and Kuzniecky have served as consultants and speakers for Xcel Pharmaceuticals (San Diego, Calif) and/or Elan Pharmaceuticals (Dublin, Ireland). Dr Cereghino was an employee of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Bethesda, Md) until Dr Cloyd has received research funding from Elan Pharmaceuticals and has stock options in Xcel Pharmaceuticals. Author contributions: Study concept and design (Drs Cereghino, Cloyd, and Kuzniecky); acquisition of data (Drs Cereghino, Cloyd, and Kuzniecky); analysis and interpretation of data (Drs Cereghino, Cloyd, and Kuzniecky); drafting of the manuscript (Drs Cereghino and Cloyd); critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content (Drs Cereghino, Cloyd, and Kuzniecky); administrative, technical, and material support (Drs Cereghino, Cloyd, and Kuzniecky); study supervision (Drs Cereghino and Kuzniecky). The studies mentioned in this article were supported by contracts from the Epilepsy Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and Athena Neurosciences, Inc (now part of Elan Pharmaceuticals). Support for additional analyses was provided by Xcel Pharmaceuticals. Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society, San Diego, Calif, December 8, We acknowledge the contributions of Gary D. Novack, PhD, and Shawki Salem, PhD. Corresponding author and reprints: James J. Cereghino, MD, Oregon Health and Science University, Epilepsy Center CDW 3, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR ( cereghin@ohsu.edu). REFERENCES 1. Aicardi J. Epilepsy in children. In: Epilepsy in Patients. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1994: Mitchell WG. Status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures in children, adolescents, and young adults: etiology, outcome, and treatment. Epilepsia. 1996; 37(suppl 1):S74-S Malkowicz DE, Legido A, Jackel RA, Sussman NM, Eskin BA, Harner RN. Prolactin secretion following repetitive seizures. Neurology. 1995;45: Wallis W, Kutt H, McDowell F. Intravenous diphenylhydantoin in treatment of acute repetitive seizures. Neurology. 1968;18: Kriel RL, Cloyd JC, Pellock JM, et al. Rectal diazepam gel for treatment of acute repetitive seizures. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;20: Working Group on Status Epilepticus. Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus: recommendations of the Epilepsy Foundation of America s Working Group on Status Epilepticus. JAMA. 1993;270: Lombroso CT. Intermittent home treatment of status and clusters of seizures. Epilepsia. 1989;30(suppl 2):S11-S Schroeder MC, Wolff DL, Maister BH, et al. Lorazepam intensol for the management of hospitalized pediatric patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1996;37:S Yager JY, Seshia SS. Sublingual lorazepam in childhood serial seizures. AJDC. 1988;142:
6 10. Garofalo EA, Hirschorn KA, Komarynski MA. Improved control of seizures clusters with rectal diazepam and lorazepam. Cleve Clin J Med. 1989;56: S Milligan NM, Dhillon S, Griffiths A, Oxley J, Richens A. A clinical trial of single dose rectal and oral administration of diazepam for the prevention of serial seizures in adult epileptic patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984;47: Hanley DF, Kross JF. Use of midazolam in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Clin Ther. 1998;20: Rey E, Treluyer JM, Pons G. Pharmacokinetic optimization of benzodiazepine therapy for acute seizures: focus on delivery routes. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999; 36: Towne AR, DeLorenzo RJ. Use of intramuscular midazolam for status epilepticus. J Emerg Med. 1999;17: Malinovsky JM, Lejus C, Servin F, et al. Plasma concentrations of midazolam after iv, nasal or rectal administration in children. Br J Anaesth. 1993;70: Moolenaar F, Bakker S, Visser J, Huizinga T. Biopharmaceutics of rectal administration of drugs in man IX: comparative biopharmaceutics of diazepam after single rectal, oral, intramuscular and intravenous administration in man. Int J Pharm. 1980;5: Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. Pharmacokinetic comparison of sublingual lorazepam with intravenous, intramuscular, and oral lorazepam. J Pharm Sci. 1982;71: Graves NM, Kriel RL. Rectal administration of antiepileptic drugs in children. Pediatr Neurol. 1987;3: Cloyd JC, Lalonde R, Beniak TE, Novack GD. A single blind, crossover comparison of the pharmacokinetics and cognitive effects of a new rectal diazepam gel with intravenous diazepam. Epilepsia. 1998;39: Agurell S, Berlin A, Ferngren H, Hellstrom B. Plasma levels of diazepam after parenteral and rectal administration in children. Epilepsia. 1975;16: Dulac O, Aicardi J, Rey E, Olive G. Blood levels of diazepam after single rectal administration in infants and children. J Pediatr. 1978;93: Langslet A, Meberg A, Bredesen JE, Lunde PK. Plasma concentrations of diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam in newborn infants after intravenous, intramuscular, rectal and oral administration. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1978;67: Knudsen FU. Plasma-diazepam in infants after rectal administration in solution and by suppository. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1977;66: Cereghino JJ, Mitchell WG, Murphy J, et al. Treating repetitive seizures with a rectal diazepam formulation: a randomized study. Neurology. 1998;51: Dreifuss FE, Rosman NP, Cloyd JC, et al. A comparison of rectal diazepam gel and placebo for acute repetitive seizures. N Engl J Med. 1998;338: Painter MJ. Benzodiazepines and the barbiturates in the treatment of childhood epilepsy. In: Dodson WE, Pellock JM, eds. Pediatric Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Therapy. New York, NY: Demos Publications; 1993: Kriel RL, Cloyd JC, Hadsall RS, Carlson AM, Floren KL, Jones-Saete CM. Home use of rectal diazepam for cluster and prolonged seizures: efficacy, adverse reactions, quality of life, and cost analysis. Pediatr Neurol. 1991;7: Camfield CS, Camfield PR, Smith E, Dooley JM. Home use of rectal diazepam to prevent status epilepticus in children with convulsive disorders. J Child Neurol. 1989;4: CME Announcement Online CME to Begin in Mid-2003 I n mid-2003, online CME will be available for JAMA/ARCHIVES and will offer many enhancements: Article-specific questions Hypertext links from questions to the relevant content Online CME questionnaire Printable CME certificates and ability to access total CME credits We apologize for the interruption in CME and hope that you will enjoy the improved online features that will be available in mid
First Line Therapy in Acute Seizure Management. William Dalsey, MD, FACEP
First Line Therapy in Acute Seizure Management Case Presentation A 32-year old male intravenous drug user was brought to the ED having had a witnessed generalized tonic-clonic seizure 10 minutes prior
More informationWhat Are the Best Non-IV Parenteral Options for a Seizing Patient? William C. Dalsey, MD, MBA, FACEP
What Are the Best Non-IV Parenteral Options for a Seizing Patient? A 32-year old male intravenous drug user was brought to the ED having had a witnessed generalized tonic-clonic seizure 10 minutes prior
More informationCOMPARISON OF RECTAL DIAZEPAM GEL AND PLACEBO FOR ACUTE REPETITIVE SEIZURES
A COMPARISON OF RECTAL DIAZEPAM GEL AND PLACEBO FOR ACUTE REPETITIVE SEIZURES FRITZ E. DREIFUSS, M.D.,* N. PAUL ROSMAN, M.D., JAMES C. CLOYD, PHARM.D., JOHN M. PELLOCK, M.D., RUBEN I. KUZNIECKY, M.D.,
More informationHope for New Treatments for Acute Repetitive Seizures
Current Literature In Clinical Science Hope for New Treatments for Acute Repetitive Seizures A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Diazepam Auto-Injector Administered by Caregivers
More informationStop the Status: Improving Outcomes in Pediatric Epilepsy Syndromes. Michelle Welborn, PharmD ICE Alliance
Stop the Status: Improving Outcomes in Pediatric Epilepsy Syndromes Michelle Welborn, PharmD ICE Alliance Overview Seizures and Epilepsy Syndromes Seizure Emergencies Febrile Seizures Critical Population
More informationRescue medications. What are rescue medications? Ideal rescue medication. Why use rescue medications?
Rescue medications Out-of-hospital treatment of prolonged seizures or acute repetitive seizures What are rescue medications? Medicines used to terminate a prolonged seizure or acute repetitive seizures
More informationEfficacy of Levetiracetam: A Review of Three Pivotal Clinical Trials
Epilepsia, 42(Suppl. 4):31 35, 2001 Blackwell Science, Inc. International League Against Epilepsy Efficacy of : A Review of Three Pivotal Clinical Trials Michael Privitera University of Cincinnati Medical
More informationLieven Lagae Department of Paediatric Neurology Leuven University Leuven, Belgium. Management of acute seizure settings from infancy to adolescence
Lieven Lagae Department of Paediatric Neurology Leuven University Leuven, Belgium Management of acute seizure settings from infancy to adolescence Consequences of prolonged seizures Acute morbidity and
More informationOutline. What is a seizure? What is epilepsy? Updates in Seizure Management Terminology, Triage & Treatment
Outline Updates in Seizure Management Terminology, Triage & Treatment Joseph Sullivan, MD! Terminology! Videos of different types of seizures! Diagnostic evaluation! Treatment options! Acute! Maintenance
More informationPersonalizing Drug Delivery
Personalizing Drug Delivery Emilio Perucca, M.D, Ph.D. Clinical Pharmacology unit, University of Pavia & C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy Washington, December 7, 2013 1 American
More informationSomnolence and Sedation Were Transient Adverse Events for Most Patients Receiving Clobazam Therapy: Post Hoc Analysis of Trial OV-1012 Data
Elmer ress Short Communication J Neurol Res. 2015;5(4-5):252-256 Somnolence and Sedation Were Transient Adverse Events for Most Patients Receiving Clobazam Therapy: Post Hoc Analysis of Trial OV-1012 Data
More informationMidazolam for seizures: Buccal administration
Midazolam for seizures: Buccal administration Rationale Buccal Midazolam is a convenient and efficient method used to treat prolonged seizures and status epilepticus in children. It can be used in hospital
More informationPFIZER INC. PROPRIETARY DRUG NAME /GENERIC DRUG NAME: Cerebyx / Fosphenytoin Sodium
PFIZER INC These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. For publications based on this study, see associated bibliography.
More informationNMDOH digital library; keywords searched: pre-hospital, benzodiazepine, emergency medical technician, treatment of seizures, status epilepticus.
Background Literature Review and Recommendations Administration of Benzodiazepines by EMT -I in the pre-hospital setting EMS Bureau Protocol Review Steering Committee Status epilepticus is a recognized
More informationPFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert.
PFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. PROPRIETARY DRUG NAME / GENERIC DRUG NAME: Advil / Ibuprofen
More informationInappropriate emergency management of status epilepticus in children contributes to need for intensive care
1584 PAPER Inappropriate emergency management of status epilepticus in children contributes to need for intensive care R F M Chin, L Verhulst, B G R Neville, M J Peters, R C Scott... See end of article
More informationPFIZER INC. Study Initiation Date: 15 June 1995; Completion Date: 22 April 1996
PFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. PROPRIETARY DRUG NAME /GENERIC DRUG NAME: Cerebyx /fosphenytoin
More informationRefractory Status Epilepticus in Children: What are the Options?
Refractory Status Epilepticus in Children: What are the Options? Weng Man Lam, PharmD, BCPS, BCPPS PICU Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center November 11, 2017 Objectives 1.
More information1. What is the comparative efficacy of IV lorazepam and IV diazepam for the treatment of febrile seizures in children (less than 12 years of age)?
Title: The Use of Lorazepam for Febrile Seizures in Children Date: 25 January 2008 Context and policy issues: Febrile seizures are the most common form of childhood seizures, affecting approximately 2
More informationTrial No.: RIS-USA-102 Clinical phase: III
SYNOPSIS Trial identification and protocol summary Company: Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V. Finished product: Risperdal Active ingredient:
More informationDownloaded from jssu.ssu.ac.ir at 0:37 IRST on Sunday February 17th 2019
-2384 2 *. : 4 :. 2 / 4 3 6/. ( /) : 6 /4. 6. 00 92 6. 0 :. :. 0 :. International league Against Epilepsy (ILAE) First Unprovoked Seizure (FUS) 24 () (2) 20.. 2 3-4. (). : -* - 0 626024: 0 626024 : E-mial:
More informationStudy No.: Title: Rationale: Phase: Study Period: Study Design: Centres: Indication: Treatment: Objectives: Primary Outcome/Efficacy Variable:
The study listed may include approved and non-approved uses, formulations or treatment regimens. The results reported in any single study may not reflect the overall results obtained on studies of a product.
More informationFEBRILE SEIZURES. IAP UG Teaching slides
FEBRILE SEIZURES 1 DEFINITION Febrile seizures are seizures that occur between the age of 6 and 60 months with a temperature of 38 C or higher, that are not the result of central nervous system infection
More informationClinical Study Synopsis
Clinical Study Synopsis This document is not intended to replace the advice of a healthcare professional and should not be considered as a recommendation. Patients should always seek medical advice before
More informationPFIZER INC. THERAPEUTIC AREA AND FDA APPROVED INDICATIONS: See United States Package Insert (USPI)
PFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. For publications based on this study, see associated bibliography.
More informationNo May 25, Eisai Co., Ltd.
No.16-35 May 25, 2016 Eisai Co., Ltd. EISAI TO LAUNCH IN-HOUSE DEVELOPED ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG FYCOMPA (PERAMPANEL HYDRATE) AS ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY FOR PARTIAL-ONSET AND GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES IN
More informationTRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION. 19 July 2006
The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION 19 July 2006 Keppra 250 mg, film-coated tablets Box of 60 tablets (CIP code: 356 013-6) Keppra 500 mg, film-coated
More informationJPPT Brief Review Article
Brief Review Article Treatment of Acute Seizures: Is Intranasal Midazolam a Viable Option? Lesley K. Humphries, PharmD 1 and Lea S. Eiland, PharmD 2,3 1 Department of Pharmacy, Rockingham Memorial Hospital,
More informationRecommendations. for Care of Adults with Epilepsy. Seeking the best treatment from the right doctor at the right time!
Recommendations for Care of Adults with Epilepsy Seeking the best treatment from the right doctor at the right time! Contents This booklet is to help adults and their caregivers know when it is appropriate
More informationHydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended-Release Tablets M Clinical Study Report R&D/09/1109
2.0 Synopsis Abbott Laboratories Individual Study Table Referring to Part of Dossier: (For National Authority Use Only) Name of Study Drug: ABT-712 Volume: Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended-Release Name
More informationIntranasal Midazolam Versus Intravenous Diazepam for the Treatment of Acute Seizures in Paediatric Patients
Intranasal Midazolam Versus Intravenous Diazepam for the Treatment of Acute Seizures in Paediatric Patients Pooja Garg, R S Sethi, Aradhna Kankane, OS Chaurasia, Anuj Shamsher Sethi Department of Peadiatrics,
More informationDERBYSHIRE JOINT AREA PRESCRIBING COMMITTEE (JAPC) Information Sheet
DERBYSHIRE JOINT AREA PRESCRIBING COMMITTEE (JAPC) Information Sheet The management of emergency rescue medication (buccal/ oromucosal midazolam) for children, young people and adults with prolonged or
More informationTopiramate in clinical practice: first year s postlicensing experience in a specialist epilepsy clinic
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:759 763 759 The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK M W Kellett D F Smith P A Stockton D W Chadwick Correspondence to: Dr
More informationIs intranasal midazolam an effective rescue medication in adolescents and adults with severe epilepsy?
Seizure 2000; 9: 417 422 doi: 10.1053/seiz.2000.0425, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Is intranasal midazolam an effective rescue medication in adolescents and adults with severe epilepsy?
More informationCrackCast Episode 18 Seizures
CrackCast Episode 18 Seizures Episode overview: 1) Define status epilepticus 2) List the doses of common medications used for status epilepticus 3) List 10 differential diagnoses for seizures 4) List 10
More informationSummary ID# Clinical Study Summary: Study B4Z-MC-LYCL
CT Registry ID#8226 Page 1 Summary ID# 8226. Clinical Study Summary: Study B4Z-MC-LYCL Guiding Dose Increases in Patients Incompletely Responsive to Usual Doses of Atomoxetine by Determining Plasma Atomoxetine
More informationA Comparison of Buccal Midazolam and Intravenous Diazepam for the Acute Treatment of Seizures in Children
Original Article Iran J Pediatr Sep 2012; Vol 22 (No 3), Pp: 303-308 A Comparison of Buccal Midazolam and Intravenous Diazepam for the Acute Treatment of Seizures in Children Seyed-Hassan Tonekaboni 1,2,
More informationPharmaceutics I صيدالنيات 1. Unit 2 Route of Drug Administration
Pharmaceutics I صيدالنيات 1 Unit 2 Route of Drug Administration 1 Routs of Drug administration The possible routes of drug entry into the body may be divided into two classes: Parenteral Rout Enteral Rout
More informationPFIZER INC. Study Initiation Date and Primary Completion or Completion Dates: 11 November 1998 to 17 September 1999
PFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. For publications based on this study, see associated bibliography.
More informationClinical Trial Results Summary Study EN
Study Number: EN3288-113 Title of Study: A Double-blind, Dose-Ranging, Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety, Subjective Effects, and Pharmacokinetics of Oxymorphone Hydrochloride in Healthy Subjects Who
More informationStatus Epilepticus: Implications Outside the Neuro-ICU
Status Epilepticus: Implications Outside the Neuro-ICU Jeffrey M Singh MD Critical Care and Neurocritical Care Toronto Western Hospital October 31 st, 2014 Disclosures I (unfortunately) have no disclosures
More informationOn completion of this chapter you should be able to: list the most common types of childhood epilepsies and their symptoms
9 Epilepsy The incidence of epilepsy is highest in the first two decades of life. It falls after that only to rise again in late life. Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological condition
More informationmg 25 mg mg 25 mg mg 100 mg 1
The study listed may include approved and non-approved uses, formulations or treatment regimens. The results reported in any single study may not reflect the overall results obtained on studies of a product.
More information(For National Authority Use Only) Name of Study Drug: to Part of Dossier:
2.0 Synopsis Abbott Laboratories Individual Study Table Referring to Part of Dossier: (For National Authority Use Only) Name of Study Drug: Volume: Vicodin CR Name of Active Ingredient: Page: Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen
More informationAdministrating Medications with the MAD Device
Disclosures Administrating Medications with the MAD Device Nothing to disclose 2015 VSHP Spring Seminar April 18, 2015 Megan Davis Hoesly, PharmD, BCPS Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital Clinical
More informationSeizures Emergency Treatment
Seizures Emergency Treatment Emergency Seizures SEIZURE CLASSIFICATION Cluster seizures - 2 or more generalized convulsive seizures in 24 hours Simon R. Platt BVM&S MRCVS Dipl. ACVIM (Neurology) Dipl.ECVN
More informationRelative bioavailability of topiramate administered rectally
Epilepsy Research 54 (2003) 91 96 Relative bioavailability of topiramate administered rectally Jeannine M. Conway a,, Angela K. Birnbaum a, Robert L Kriel a,b, James C. Cloyd a a Experimental and Clinical
More informationJanssen-Cilag EMEA Medical Affairs a division of Janssen Pharmaceuticals N.V.
SYNOPSIS Issue Date: Final 22 July 2009 [Document No.: EDMS-PSDB-9245102] Name of Sponsor/Company Name of Finished Product Risperdal Consta Name of Active Ingredient(s) Protocol No.: RIS-BMN-3001 Janssen-Cilag
More informationLondon, 07 August 2006 Product name: Keppra Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/277/II/63 SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION
London, 07 August 2006 Product name: Keppra Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/277/II/63 SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION 1/15 EMEA 2006 1. Introduction Epilepsy is one of the most common and challenging neurological disorders.
More informationCAM2038 A new liquid-lipid crystal depot buprenorphine: A dose-ranging suite of weekly and monthly subcutaneous depot injections
CAM2038 A new liquid-lipid crystal depot buprenorphine: A dose-ranging suite of weekly and monthly subcutaneous depot injections Dr. Fredrik Tiberg Assoc. Prof. President & CEO, Head R&D, Camurus Lund,
More informationEfficacy and Safety of Sublingual Sufentanil 30 mcg for the Management of Acute Pain Following Ambulatory Surgery. Pamela P.
Efficacy and Safety of Sublingual Sufentanil 30 mcg for the Management of Acute Pain Following Ambulatory Surgery Pamela P. Palmer, MD, PhD Disclosures for Dr. Pamela Palmer AcelRx employee Currently own
More informationWHOLE LOTTA SHAKIN GOIN ON
WHOLE LOTTA SHAKIN GOIN ON ADAM M. YATES, MD FACEP ASSOCIATE CHIEF OF EMERGENCY SERVICES UPMC MERCY SEIZURE DEFINITIONS Partial(focal) only involves part of the brain General Involves entire brain Simple
More informationBuccal Midazolam For the treatment of prolonged epileptic seizures, clusters of epileptic seizures and status epilepticus.
Oxfordshire Clinical Commissioning Group, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and Oxfordshire Health NHS Foundation Trust Shared Care Protocol and Information for GPs Buccal Midazolam For the treatment
More informationSAGE-547 for super-refractory status epilepticus
NIHR Innovation Observatory Evidence Briefing: April 2017 SAGE-547 for super-refractory status epilepticus NIHRIO (HSRIC) ID: 10866 NICE ID: 8456 Status epilepticus is a single epileptic seizure lasting
More informationOral Soluble Film Products for Epilepsy: Clobazam (COSF) and Diazepam (DBSF)
Oral Soluble Film Products for Epilepsy: Clobazam (COSF) and Diazepam (DBSF) Michael A. Rogawski, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Neurology and Pharmacology School of Medicine University of California, Davis
More informationDURING THE last decade, Temperature, Age, and Recurrence of Febrile Seizure ARTICLE
ARTICLE Temperature, Age, and Recurrence of Febrile Seizure Margriet van Stuijvenberg, MD; Ewout W. Steyerberg, PhD; Gerarda Derksen-Lubsen, MD, PhD; Henriëtte A. Moll, MD, PhD Objective: Prediction of
More informationThe fitting child. Dr Chris Bird MRCPCH DTMH, Locum consultant, Paediatric Emergency Medicine
The fitting child Dr Chris Bird MRCPCH DTMH, Locum consultant, Paediatric Emergency Medicine What I am not Detail from The Neurologist, Jose Perez The sacred disease Epilepsy comes from the ancient Greek
More informationDisclosures. What is Status Epilepticus? Purpose of Today s Discussion. Nothing to Disclose. How do I recognize Status Epilepticus?
Disclosures Nothing to Disclose Neurologic Emergencies SID W. ATKINSON MD Chief, Division of Child Neurology, and Developmental Pediatrics Purpose of Today s Discussion Understand 2 Neurologic Emergencies
More informationEpilepsy and Epileptic Seizures
Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures Petr Marusič Dpt. of Neurology Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine Motol University Hospital Diagnosis Steps Differentiation of nonepileptic events Seizure classification
More informationPregabalin Aristo Version: RMP-Pregabalin0
VI.2 Elements for a public summary VI.2.1 Overview of disease epidemiology Epilepsy Epilepsy is a long-term condition affecting the brain and is characterised by recurring seizures (or fits). It is one
More informationTreatment strategies of status epilepticus in the elderly: a report from a single center in Japan
Original Article Epilepsy & Seizure Journal of Japan Epilepsy Society Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017) pp. 40-47 Treatment strategies of status epilepticus in the elderly: a report from a single center in Japan Takao
More informationClinical Trial Results Database Page 1
Clinical Trial Results Database Page 1 Sponsor Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation Generic Drug Name Therapeutic Area of Trial Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Approved Indication Treatment of major depressive
More informationAntiepileptics Audit
Antiepileptics Audit Dr Kate Marley Dr Lucy Potter Dr Melanie Brooks Dr Averil Fountain CNS Sue Croft External Reviewer: Dr A Nicolson Consultant Neurologist c CURRENT GUIDANCE 4.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES Anti-epileptic
More informationPrescribing and Monitoring Anti-Epileptic Drugs
Prescribing and Monitoring Anti-Epileptic Drugs Mark Granner, MD Clinical Professor and Vice Chair for Clinical Programs Director, Iowa Comprehensive Epilepsy Program Department of Neurology University
More informationUCB announces first presentation of primary data from latest Phase 3 study evaluating brivaracetam
UCB announces first presentation of primary data from latest Phase 3 study evaluating brivaracetam as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures in epilepsy Primary efficacy and safety data from the
More informationStudy No.: Title: Rationale: Phase: Study Period: Study Design: Centers: Indication: Treatment: Objective: Primary Outcome/Efficacy Variable:
Studies listed may include approved and non-approved uses, formulations or treatment regimens. The results reported in any single study may not reflect the overall results obtained on studies of a product.
More informationPFIZER INC. THERAPEUTIC AREA AND FDA APPROVED INDICATIONS: See United States Package Insert (USPI)
PFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. For publications based on this study, see associated bibliography.
More informationA Shot in the Arm for Prehospital Status Epilepticus: The RAMPART Study
Current Literature In Clinical Science A Shot in the Arm for Prehospital Status Epilepticus: The RAMPART Study Intramuscular Versus Intravenous Therapy for Prehospital Status Epilepticus. Silbergleit R,
More informationAET Symposium 2013: One size does not fit all: Personalized Medical Care December 7 th, 2013
AET Symposium 2013: One size does not fit all: Personalized Medical Care December 7 th, 2013 Co-chairs: Aristea S. Galanopoulou, MD PhD Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY USA Angus A. Wilfong,
More informationFDA Approves Carnexiv (carbamazepine) injection as Intravenous Short-Term Replacement Therapy for Certain Seizure Types
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE FDA Approves Carnexiv (carbamazepine) injection as Intravenous Short-Term Replacement Therapy for Certain Seizure Types Carnexiv is the first FDA-approved intravenous carbamazepine
More informationBRL /RSD-101C0D/1/CPMS-704. Report Synopsis
Report Synopsis Study Title: A Randomized, Multicenter, 10-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled, Flexible-Dose Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Paroxetine in Children and Adolescents with
More informationGanaxolone as a Treatment for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children
Ganaxolone as a Treatment for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG and DEVICE TRIALS XIII May 13-15, 2015 Turnberry Isle Miami Hotel Gail M. Farfel, PhD Chief Development & Regulatory
More informationUpdated advice for nurses who care for patients with epilepsy
NICE BULLETIN Updated advice for nurses who care for patients with epilepsy NICE provided the content for this booklet which is independent of any company or product advertised NICE BULLETIN Updated advice
More informationDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO 6
American Epilepsy Society Guideline Evidence-Based Guideline: Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children and Adults: Report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society Tracy
More informationDosing & Administration
Dosing & Administration REAL LIFE. REAL RESULTS. INDICATION INVEGA SUSTENNA (paliperidone palmitate) is indicated for the treatment of: Schizophrenia. Schizoaffective disorder as monotherapy and as an
More informationStudy No Title: Rationale: Phase: Study Period: Study Design: Centres: Indication: Treatment: Objectives: Primary Outcome/Efficacy Variable(s):
Studies listed may include approved and non-approved uses, formulations or treatment regimens. The results reported in any single study may not reflect the overall results obtained on studies of a product.
More informationOverview: Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies
Epilepsia, 44(Suppl. 2):2 6, 2003 Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 2003 International League Against Epilepsy Overview: Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies Richard H. Mattson Department of Neurology, Yale University
More informationManagement of Seizures in the School Setting. Patricia Bruno, BSN, RN Pediatric Epilepsy Nurse Coordinator Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA
Management of Seizures in the School Setting Patricia Bruno, BSN, RN Pediatric Epilepsy Nurse Coordinator Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA Management of Seizures in the School Setting When the
More informationSummary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Aripiprazole Mylan Pharma (aripiprazole)
EMA/370707/2016 Summary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Aripiprazole Mylan Pharma (aripiprazole) This is a summary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Aripiprazole Mylan Pharma, which details the
More informationClinical Study Synopsis
Clinical Study Synopsis This document is not intended to replace the advice of a healthcare professional and should not be considered as a recommendation. Patients should always seek medical advice before
More informationCLINICAL POLICY FOR THE USE OF INTRANASAL DIAMORPHINE FOR ANALGESIA IN CHILDREN ATTENDING THE PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, SASH
CLINICAL POLICY FOR THE USE OF INTRANASAL DIAMORPHINE FOR ANALGESIA IN CHILDREN ATTENDING THE PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, SASH Background Adequate analgesia is a vital aspect of early management of
More informationSYNOPSIS. Trial identification and protocol summary
SYNOPSIS Trial identification and protocol summary Company: JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA N.V. Finished product: Risperdal Active ingredient: Risperidone (R64766) Title: The safety and efficacy of risperidone
More informationSubject: Cannabidiol (Epidiolex )
09-J3000-08 Original Effective Date: 09/15/18 Reviewed: 08/08/18 Revised: 00/00/00 Next Review: 04/10/19 Subject: Cannabidiol (Epidiolex ) THIS MEDICAL COVERAGE GUIDELINE IS NOT AN AUTHORIZATION, CERTIFICATION,
More informationSYNOPSIS. Study center(s) This study was conducted in the United States (128 centers).
Drug product: Drug substance(s): Document No.: Edition No.: Study code: Date: SYMBICORT pmdi 160/4.5 µg Budesonide/formoterol SD-039-0725 17 February 2005 SYNOPSIS A Twelve-Week, Randomized, Double-blind,
More informationPFIZER INC. Study Initiation Date and Completion Dates: 09 March 2000 to 09 August 2001.
PFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. For publications based on this study, see associated bibliography.
More informationThe Management of Refractory Status Epilepticus: An Update
Epilepsia, 47(Suppl. 1):35 40, 2006 Blackwell Publishing, Inc. C International League Against Epilepsy The Management of Refractory Status Epilepticus: An Update Daniel H. Lowenstein Department of Neurology,
More informationBIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE TABLE FOR SODIUM VALPROATE IN CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE TABLE FOR SODIUM VALPROATE IN CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY Bibliographic Marson AG et al. for (Review). The Cochrane 2000 De Silva M et al. Romised or for childhood. Lancet, 1996; 347: 709-713
More informationEvaluation and management of drug-resistant epilepsy
Evaluation and management of drug-resistant epilepsy Fateme Jahanshahifar Supervised by: Professor Najafi INTRODUCTION 20 to 40 % of patients with epilepsy are likely to have refractory epilepsy. a substantive
More informationAnxiolytic, Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia
Anxiolytic, Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Anxiolytics: reduce anxiety Sedatives: decrease activity, calming
More informationEpilepsy Facts. Seizure Training for Child Care and School Personnel. Epilepsy and Children. Epilepsy is. What is a seizure? What is epilepsy?
Seizure Training for Child Care and School Personnel Epilepsy Facts Approximately 3 million Americans have epilepsy Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition in children and the fourth most common
More informationAPPENDIX K Pharmacological Management
1 2 3 4 APPENDIX K Pharmacological Management Table 1 AED options by seizure type Table 1 AED options by seizure type Seizure type First-line AEDs Adjunctive AEDs Generalised tonic clonic Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine
More informationACTH therapy for generalized seizures other than spasms
Seizure (2006) 15, 469 475 www.elsevier.com/locate/yseiz ACTH therapy for generalized seizures other than spasms Akihisa Okumura a,b, *, Takeshi Tsuji b, Toru Kato b, Jun Natsume b, Tamiko Negoro b, Kazuyoshi
More informationSUMMARY THIS IS A PRINTED COPY OF AN ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT. PLEASE CHECK ITS VALIDITY BEFORE USE.
i SUMMARY ZENECA PHARMACEUTICALS FINISHED PRODUCT: ACTIVE INGREDIENT: ACCOLATE zafirlukast (ZD9188) Trial title (number): A Dose-ranging, Safety and Efficacy Trial with Zafirlukast (ACCOLATE ) in the Treatment
More informationSimple Protocol & Bayesian Design: Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ESETT)
Simple Protocol & Bayesian Design: Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ESETT) Jaideep Kapur on behalf of ESETT invertigator University of Virginia Status epilepticus is a condition resulting
More informationCHAIR SUMMIT 7TH ANNUAL #CHAIR2014. Master Class for Neuroscience Professional Development. September 11 13, Westin Tampa Harbour Island
#CHAIR2014 7TH ANNUAL CHAIR SUMMIT Master Class for Neuroscience Professional Development September 11 13, 2014 Westin Tampa Harbour Island Sponsored by #CHAIR2014 Clinical Case Challenge: Seizure Emergency
More informationPart 1 Principles and Routes of Medication Administration
1 Chapter 7, Medication Administration Part 1 Principles and Routes of Medication Administration 2 Caution: Administering medications is business Always take appropriate Standard measures to reduce your
More informationPFIZER INC. THERAPEUTIC AREA AND FDA APPROVED INDICATIONS: See USPI
PFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. For publications based on this study, see associated bibliography.
More information