FUNCTIONAL READINESS LEVEL INCREASE DURING COMPETITIVE PERIOD IN FEMALE FOOTBALL FOR STUDENTS

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1 UDC DOI /01_1111_16 FUNCTIONAL READINESS LEVEL INCREASE DURING COMPETITIVE PERIOD IN FEMALE FOOTBALL FOR STUDENTS Naboychenko E.S. candidate of economic sciences, associate professor Samoylov V.I., Kolomiychuk T.A. Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Eltsin, Ekaterinburg Keywords: football, year-old girls, functional training, pedagogical experiment. Annotation. The methodologies analysis of the training process organization in sports games (football), directed at functional readiness development during competitive period, proves the urgency of this problem. One of the main aims of educational-training process during the preparatory period is sportsmen s training for high sports results achievement. The best results achieve the sportsmen, who purposefully influence the main, dominating factors of competitive activity during the training process (competitive and preparatory periods). In sports games such factors are functional, technical and other kinds of training. The level of technical training is determined by the quality of technical-tactical actions fulfillment. Functional readiness is estimated by the volume of motional activity, fulfilled with maximum and almost maximum intensity (the volume and quantity of dashes, sprints, speeding-ups, general mileage of the distance during the game and others).the use of power exercises for muscles and the exercises, directed at legs muscles aerobic abilities development in the training process of the competitive cycle, helps to state football-players functional abilities at the level got during the preparatory period. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature analysis and summarizing, pedagogical experiment, testing, statistical data manipulation. Materials. The article is about a complex of measures, directed at the level increase of sportsmen s physical training during the competitive period on the game motional activity operational control basis of the data. Results. Experimental facts proved the effectiveness of the chosen direction, the realization of which conditioned the level increase of the players functional readiness during competitive period in comparison with the same period of the previous competitive season. The use of the methodology of general and aerobic power increase of legs muscles during the competitive period, on the basis of the operational control over motional activity (on-line), data allowed to keep a high level of functional readiness, achieved during the preparatory period, during the whole season. A great volume of motional activity during the match provided the quality improvement of technical-tactical actions fulfillment (a ball pass and stops, single combats, grasps) and success of a team in the competitions. Conclusion. The article is about pedagogical aspects of functional readiness level increase among girls going in for football during the competitive period. The use of these aspects causes a new impulse to search for directional methods and methodical techniques of sports training in sports games. Introduction. High results sport is based on mass physical education lessons. At the same time, sport for students can be 83 considered as a buffer (transitional) zone (from physical education lessons to professional activity), without which it is

2 impossible to achieve maximum sports results. That is why the state pays great attention to sport for students, to our sportsmen during World Student sport games (Universiades). The main aim of educational- training process during the preparatory period in the training groups and the groups of sportsmanship improvement, according to sports games trainers and cyclical kinds of sport trainers (n=26), is sportsmen s training for high results achievement. However, as the practice and methodical research works show, the greatest results achieve the sportsmen, who purposefully influence the main, dominating factors of competitive activity during the training process (competitive and preparatory periods). In cyclical kinds of sport, for example in sprint, such factor can be quickness the quickness of a single contraction, the quickness of reaction to a signal and others. In rhythmic gymnastics these factors are flexibility and coordination of movements. In sports games (football, ice hockey, handball and others) the result is determined by the range of factors, which should be directed at the definite qualities development of a sportsman (quickness, endurance, technical-tactical training) and at collective actions development, which determine competitive activity effectiveness. Held pedagogical research works in the sphere of educational-training processes of female football teams among students (Ekaterinburg, Moscow and Sverdlovsk region) since 2009 till 2013 showed that during the preparatory period of a full-year training cycle the stress is laid on female football-players functional and technicaltactical readiness development, which determines success in competitive activity. At the same time, during the competitive cycle pedagogical influences are directed at special technical-tactical exercises fulfillment, not taking into account the level of athletes functional readiness. Scientific-methodical literature and facts (received during our longitudinal research works) analysis shows that there are contradictions between the character of the training loads (the training 84 process organization) in the training groups and the sportsmanship improvement groups and the demands made during the competitive period on a definite player and on a team in general. This contradiction, according to many scientists, (and in our opinion) decreases the effectiveness of athletes training system. That is why it is necessary to search for and create effective means of female football players training and the training process correction during the competitive period, based on an operational evaluation of their special readiness [1,4,6,8]. We supposed, that introduction of special exercises (fulfilled with a maximum and almost maximum intensity) into the training process of female students, going in for football, during the competitive period will help to keep high level of functional readiness during the whole period of the competitive cycle. The object of our research work is a special training of female football players from the group of sportsmanship improvement a picked team of the Institute YAVA-UPI during the competitive period. The subject of the research work is the educational-training process of female football-players (17-20 years-old) on the basis of data analysis of the competitive activity. The aim of the research work is to create the methodology of physical readiness increase among female football players during the competitive period on the basis of game activity data on-line. Research methods and research organization. It is not easy to keep high level of sportsmen functional readiness during the whole competitive period if the competitive cycle lasts 4-6 months. As a rule, such kind of competitive cycle is divided into several peaks of athlete s physical readiness and one of the main aims of the trainer in this case is the athlete s training for the final games in a maximum sports form, besides the trainer is the leader of the whole football team, consisting of 10 and more players, when one physical load can cause different reaction in the organism of the players and the rehabilitation period is also different.

3 One of the main problems of sportsmen training in sports games (hockey, football, basketball and others) during the competitive period is high level of functional readiness keeping during the whole competitive cycle, leveling functional recessions. Without operational feedback about the functional state of the separate player and the team in general we can t say, that the use of these or that means, methods of training during the given training lesson is reasonable and necessary in this definite moment. The research results showed, that for functional readiness operational management of a team during the process of competitive activity there should be used information which was received on-line, for example, during the training, game, competition. It is connected with the fact, that the control exercises fulfillment during the competitive period demands additional time and physical efforts and, as the practice showed, it has the negative influence on physical and psychological state of the players. Nowadays information about the functional state of the player and the team in general can be received with the help of different informationalcommunicative technologies, TV and computer systems as ASCENSIO SYSTEM Ltd., UK, which help to see the level of functional readiness on-line, to count the quantity of different technical-tactical actions fulfilled by the players and the team in general. One more positive reason for modern informational-communicative technologies use during the training and the game is a constant control of the independent expert and it doesn t allow a player to be distracted from the game till it is over. Taking into consideration the research works by A.V. Antipov, M.A. Godik, V.P. Guba, A.V. Leksakov, M. Mukhamadiev, K.S. Sarsaniya, S.K. Sarsaniya, V.N. Seluyanov, L.V. Slutskiy, P. Cherepanov and others we can evaluate football players special readiness according to different data of the game activity. Valid correlation existence between the indices of sprint speeding-ups (the volume and quantity of speeding-ups) and aerobic readiness of a 85 muscular system data (r= 0,88-0,94), helps to determine the level of aerobic readiness of football players muscular system, i.e. depending on physical activity volume of a player, fulfilled with a maximum and nearly maximum intensity (distance running, the number of the fulfilled bursts and sprints) during the definite match, we can estimate aerobic readiness of his muscular system for this moment [1,2,3,4,5]. As the practice shows (the research works by M.A. Godik, V.N. Seluyanov, L.V. Slutskiy and others), the use of only special technical-tactical exercises in the training process during the competitive period doesn t allow to keep football players aerobic abilities at a level achieved during the preparatory period [1,2,4,6]. Functional state results analysis among female students teams during the competitive period (teams from Moscow, Ekaterinburg and Sverdlovsk region in the games of Russian championship among the teams of the First league, Sports and athletics meetings of student teams) showed, that the functional readiness level during the whole season varies. It was revealed, that the higher the level of the players physical activity, according to such indices as bursts, speeding-ups, run distance during the match, the higher is the level of female athletes functional readiness (aerobic abilities). In order to reveal an operational level of the team readiness during the competitive period on-line in season 2013 we used the visual methods with video systems and mathematical methods of the players physical activity and technical-tactical actions data handling. It helped to state that during 10 games (5 weeks) from the beginning of the competitive cycle the team showed a high level of results (7 games-won, 3 games-draw games) in comparison with the level of their opponents. After that there was a decrease of physical activity among the players (according to video systems data and the players technical tactical actions evaluation) which, in our opinion, influenced the results of further games 4 games lost and 2 games ended in a draw. Then the situation equalized

4 and the team could play with other teams on equal terms. During the whole season we saw a wavelike character of the results, which had a definite regularity: the higher the physical activity of the team is, the higher is the level of functional readiness. The high level of functional readiness of the team was the guarantee of the qualitative fulfillment of technical-tactical actions (accuracy of the passing, won combats, a ball grasp change and others). The training process during the studied period was directed at special technical-tactical exercises fulfillment, which were close to game situations, during the main part of the lesson. During the preparatory part of the lesson the compulsory condition was speeding-ups (15-30m) fulfillment by each player together with warm-ups and the jumps-multi skips fulfillment on one foot and two feet (20-40 times). The quantity of jumps, speeding-ups and the distance varied depending on games calendar, the day of the microcycle when the training was held. Taking into consideration the received functional readiness data of female student teams during the competitive period on the basis of the football team YAVA-UPI (17-22 years old girls) during the season a pedagogical experiment was held. In order to increase functional readiness level of the female athletes during the competitive period we created the methodology of general and aerobic ability of legs muscles power increase on the basis of the operational control over physical activity results. The training process of YAVA-UPI team (17-22 years old girls) during the preparatory period in season 2013 wasn t changed greatly in comparison with the previous season. After the preparatory period the level of the team functional readiness was estimated as high and some players had the functional readiness level higher than previous year level. Moreover, with the high level of physical activity of the team there was a high index of technical-tactical actions fulfillment (the number of passes, won combats, a ball grasps change) in control/ 86 unofficial games. Since the beginning of the competitive period we changed the training process of the team together with special technical-tactical exercises in weekly microcycles we used (in accordance with the works of V.N. Seluyanov (2001, 2007), L.V. Slutskiy (2009) ) power exercises and the exercises directed at aerobic abilities development of legs muscles. Power exercises we divided into 2 sub-groups the main (exercises1,2) and subsidiary (exercises 3-5): 1) knee bending with the weight kg from bent standing position (110 о ) till the angle of knee-joints о ; 2) starting position lying flat on back, legs bent in knee-joints till the angle 100 о, hands lengthwise the body, lift the pelvis maximum high end position. Then the pelvis goes down, but it doesn t touch the ground and the back surface of hip muscles and buttocks are in constant tension. After the athletes adaptation to this exercise fulfillment, starting from the 10 th lesson we introduced additional conditions: pelvis lifting was fulfilled by one leg (not two legs) the other leg was straight in a knee-joint, after the 10 th lifting was the change of the stationary foot. 3) push-ups (or static exercises front leaning rest position fulfillment) body straight; 4) pull-ups at low (0,7-1 m) bar with heels support on the ground; 5) starting position lying flat on back, legs bent in knee-joints, hands on the nape body lifting with a turn aside touching the knee with an elbow. This complex of exercises was fulfilled according to the following methodology: - muscles work rate static-dynamic (in exercises 1, 2 muscles are always in tension; in exercises 3, 4 body is strained and straight; in exercise 5 when body is retracted shoulder-blades don t touch the ground); - exercises were combined into super-series, super-series of the main (exercises 1,2) and subsidiary exercises (exercises 3-5); - during the training lesson the 1 st -3 rd super-series of the main exercises were

5 fulfilled and one super-series of subsidiary exercises; - the number of repetitions in one exercise is times; - the interval of rest between the exercises is sec.; - the interval of rest between the super-series 60 sec.; - at the 1 st lesson one circle was fulfilled, it included 1-5 exercises; at the 3 rd -4 th lessons the number of circles increases till 2 and includes 2 successive fulfillments of exercises 1-2, after that exercises 3-5 are fulfilled; at the 12 th lesson sequentially 3 times were fulfilled exercises 1-2, then one time were fulfilled exercises 3-5; - the exercises were fulfilled after the game training, 1-2 times in a week depending on games calendar. Moreover, during the same microcycle the fulfillment of the exercises influencing aerobic abilities increase of legs muscles was supposed: 1) 10 jumps-multi skips with the intensity 70-90% from maximal, with the rest interval 45 sec., number of repetition 3-8 times; 2) bursts from spot m with intensity 70-90% from maximal, with the rest interval 45 sec., number of repetition 3-8 times; 3) 50/100 m running with the speed 100 m within sec. number of repetition 4-10 times. This complex of exercises was fulfilled according to the following methodology: the exercises were fulfilled at the end of the main part of the lesson, directed at technicaltactical readiness development, 1-2 times a week depending on games calendar. The results of the pedagogical experiment. The held analysis of the players physical activity data after 10 games (5 weeks of the competitive cycle) showed, that the level of functional readiness of the team in general was 23% higher than the level of the same period during the season The results of our research works based on monitoring of physical activity and technicaltactical actions fulfillment by the players of 87 the team during the season 2014 didn t reveal long-term and deep decreases in the results of the team (proved by success of the team during the competitions of different levels). Physical activity analysis of the opposing teams showed, that the team which fulfilled a great general metric area of bursts and speeding-ups, greater number of bursts and sprints, but which wasn t good at such kind of indices as a general number of passes, accurate passes and that sort of thing, was able to achieve a positive result in a game. During our pedagogical research work we fulfilled a systematic and regular estimation of the student female football team special readiness in this game activity and the following conclusion can be made. Received during the football matches (during the competitive period) statistic data helped to reveal the level of different sides of the female football players special readiness and to correct timely the training process. Games analysis of the team YAVA-UPI showed, that physical readiness level during the whole competitive period didn t differ much from the similar indices of the competitions leaders (there were no valid differences according to Student t-test). It was revealed, that the higher the level of physical activity is, the higher is the index of transfer from defense to attack, attacking actions of the team, speed of passes and other technicaltactical actions. In our opinion, it became possible because of plan fulfillment of preseason training and the use of created by us methodology of general and aerobic abilities increase of legs muscles during the competitive period. Conclusion. Thus, the training process during the competitive period in female football for students is reasonable to organize taking into account the indices of physical activity of the player in the control game. An important condition for the players high level of functional state keeping in competitive activity, during a long-term period, is the use of special technical-tactical exercises in the training process, fulfilled in the conditions close to game situations and speed-power

6 exercises use of general developmental and special character. References 1. Godik, M. A. The control over the training and competitive loads / M. A. Godik. Moscow : FiS, p. 2. Guba, V. P. Football players integral training / V. P. Guba, A. V. Leksakov, A. V. Antipov. Moscow : Soviet sport, p. 3. Denisenko, U.P. The ways of training effectivity increasing in football / U.P. Denisenko // Pedagogical-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports, 2007, No. 3(4), pp Seluyanov, V. N. Football players physical training / V. N. Seluyanov, S. K. Sarsaniya, K. S. Sarsaniya. Moscow : TVT Division, p. 5. Slutskiy, L. V. Football players physical training management on the basis of control over competitive physical activity : thesis of the candidate of pedagogics / L. V. Slutskiy. Moscow : p. : illustrated. 6. Cherepanov, P. Football players power training. The speed of onrushing actions in football : methodical projects / P. Cherepanov, M. Mukhamadiev. Moscow : Profizdat, p. : illustrated. 7. Fedotov, V. V. Informativeness of football players special readiness indices as the factor of the training process correction in the competitive activity / V. V. Fedotov, A. V. Shamonin // innovative aspects of physical culture and sport : materials of the scientific-practical conference (Moscow, June, 20-21, 2013). issue 6. Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Moscow State Construction University. Moscow : MSCU, P Fedotov, E. V. Competitve load estimation and the means creation of female athletes special training in the hockey field using the monitors of heart rate / E. V. Fedotov, K. S. Sarsaniya, A. V. Skotnikova // Theory and practice of physical culture P Shamonin, A. V. Students sportstechnical readiness estimation at a methodical department football of Moscow State Construction University / A. V. Shamonin // Vestnik Moscow State Coustruction University P

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