Self-efficacy and Performance for Post- Surgical ACL Athletes Participating in the AMP Post ACL Performance Program

Transcription

1 Self-efficacy and Performance for Post- Surgical ACL Athletes Participating in the AMP Post ACL Performance Program By: Stacy Hogemark Montana State University Billings Department of Health and Human Performance Spring 2011 Copyright 2011 Stacy Hogemark All rights reserved

2 Disclaimer I have no financial obligations or endorsements from AMP or to the athletes that participated in the program.

3 Rate of Injuries About 5-15% of athletes are absent from training or competition due to injury 60% of all sports-related surgeries are knee injuries 50% percent are ACL injuries 8 times more likely in competition than practice Girls are 8 times more likely to suffer ACL injuries 1 ACL tear occurred in every 15,000 times an athlete practiced or competed

4 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) One of four ligaments in the knee Attaches to the tibia and the femur 3 sections of twisted bands Prevents the femur from moving posterior and the tibia moving anterior

5 ACL Injuries Direct blow or noncontact single-plane force Rotatory instability Damage to other structures Signs and symptoms Unable to walk ICER Assessing an ACL injury Refer to see a physician Recommendations from the physician

6 Athletic Medicine and Performance (AMP) AMP is a group partnership AMP s prevent injuries and provides the best medical care Performance Programs AMP Post ACL Performance Program Six week session Based on the principles of dynamic strength training Workouts include: plyometric drills, sprint drills, agility drills, reaction drills and strength training

7 The Research Project Injury Rehabilitation from and ACL Injury: Psychological Development via Self-Efficacy Physical Development via Performance Participation in AMP Post ACL Performance Program for 6 weeks Pre and Post Testing

8 Research Question Does the AMP Post ACL Performance Program improve performance and selfefficacy? Alternative hypothesis: Performance and selfefficacy increased. Null hypothesis: Performance and self-efficacy decreased or did not change.

9 Limitations Lack of randomization Yellowstone Surgery Center patient Participants self selected Small sample Gender diversity Compliance Supplemental rehabilitation

10 What is Self-Efficacy?

11 Previous Research Recent research suggests that some athletes will experience psychological, emotional, and behavioral problems, often related to stress associated with serious injury (Dunn & George, 2009, p. 78). Self-efficacy is increased by physical activity level i.e. the more people exercise the better they feel about themselves (Ryan, 2008,)

12 Types of Self-Efficacy General Self-Efficacy Proxy Self-Efficacy Treatment Self-Efficacy Task Self-Efficacy Physical Self-Efficacy Emotional Self-Efficacy Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcomes Knee Self-Efficacy Scale

13 Guidelines to Self-Efficacy Measurements 1st: Measures should be task-specific 2 nd : Measurements of performance and selfefficacy should relate to one another 3 rd : Self-efficacy should be measured before and after performance

14 Methods Attend AMP Post ACL Performance Program Pre-Testing Program Participation Post-Testing

15 AMP ACL Performance Program Running Progression Mechanics Jumping/Landing Mechanics High Speed Treadmill Strength Training Agility Exercises Plyometrics

16 Pre and Post Tests

17 Test 1: General Self-Efficacy Scale

18 General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)

19 Test 2: Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcomes Scale

20 Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcomes Scale (SER)

21 Test 3: 10-Yard Sprint

22 10-Yard Timed Sprint Three (3) trials and the best was their score Use an electronic timing system Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Best Pre-Test (Prior to starting AMP) Post-Test (End of AMP)

23 Test 4: Knee Alignment

24 Sports Metric Software for Analysis of Jumping Mechanics Use Bony Landmarks 12 Box with calibration card Jump-land sequence

25

26 Athletes

27 Athlete 1 17 year old female high school athlete 3 sport athlete Right ACL repaired four months prior to participation First ACL injury First time participation in AMP Performance Programs MOI

28 Athlete 1: Results Pre Post Athlete 10-yard Sprint (seconds) Knee Alignment (percent) GSE score SER score 10-yard Sprint (seconds) Knee Alignment (percent) GSE score SER score

29 Athlete 2 17 year old female high school athlete 3 sport athlete Right ACL repaired four months prior to participation 2 nd ACL injury 3 rd time participation in AMP Performance Programs MOI

30 Athlete 2: Results Pre Post Athlete 10-yard Sprint (seconds) Knee Alignment (percent) GSE score SER score 10-yard Sprint (seconds) Knee Alignment (percent) GSE score SER score

31 Athlete 3 17 year old female high school athlete Multiple sport athlete Right ACL repaired four months prior to participation 1 st ACL injury 1 st time participated in AMP Performance Programs MOI

32 Athlete 3: Results Pre Post Athlete 10-yard Sprint (seconds) Knee Alignment (percent) GSE score SER score 10-yard Sprint (seconds) Knee Alignment (percent) GSE score SER score

33 Results Average changes: 10-yard sprint = -.10 second Knee Alignment = 21 percent General Self-Efficacy (GSE) score =.17 Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcomes (SER) was.72.

34 Results Performance and Self-Efficacy both increased Null hypothesis was rejected

35 Conclusion More familiar = performance and self-efficacy will increase Athlete determined to succeed and goals in place = high levels of self-efficacy Higher an athlete s self-efficacy = better rehabilitation Self-efficacy level is high = belief in themselves = being more motivated

36 Future Considerations Original Goal: More participants for a quantitative study Secondary Goal: Long Term Case study Follow-Up Studies: Goals, Gender difference, Fear of re-injury, Imagery, other Self-Efficacy Scales

37 Questions / Comments