Neuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 1 of 5

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1 Neuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 1 of 5 1) Biogenic amines include ACh, NE, EPI and? a) Melatonin b) Dopamine c) Serotonin d) Histamine e) All of the neurotransmitters listed are biogenic amines. 2) Catecholamines are hormones produced by the adrenal medulla. They include NE, EPI and?. a) Histamine b) Serotonin c) Dopamine d) Melatonin e) Acetylcholine 3) If a neuron is in the Sympathetic Nervous System, it is (has)? a) Mostly adrenergic receptors. b) Coming from the ventral surface of the medulla in the brain stem. c) All the answers are correct. d) Not generally under conscious control. e) Part of the "flight or fight" component of the ANS. 4) If a neuron is part of the Autonomic Nervous System, it is in that part of the peripheral nervous system that is?. a) In the spinal cord only. b) In the brain. c) Controlled by conscious thought. d) In control of skeletal muscle. e) Not generally under conscious control. 5) If a neuron is part of the Parasympathetic Nervous System, it is/has?. a) Originates in the brain stem mostly with cranial nerve X (the Vagus) b) Part of the "rest and digest" aspects of the ANS. c) Muscarinic receptors. d) All of the answers are correct. e) Not generally under conscious control. 6) If it is "Cholinergic," it is a(n)? a) Ion channel that is opened by depolarization of the cell membrane. b) Nuclear receptor, which generally modulate gene function. c) NE receptor located in the sympathetic nervous system. d) Sympathetic end organ receptor, either alpha or. e) ACh receptor, which may be in the CNS or PNS. 7) If it is "Adrenergic," it is a(n)? a) ACh receptors. Very wide distribution and not all are enervated. Enervated receptors are located in the CNS or PNS. In the PNS, they are at all PSNS end organs, and in the SNS in a few very important b) Connection point between the somatic motor neuron and the skeletal muscle. The somatic neuron releases ACh, which diffuses across junction (gap) and binds to the receptor on skeletal muscle. This triggers the opening of an ion channel, which depolarizes the skeletal muscle and results in muscle contraction. c) Receptors located in autonomic ganglia and at the parasympathetic end organ, on a few sympathetic end organs and on many non- enervated cells. d) ACh receptors, which may be in the CNS or PNS. In e) Sympathetic end organ receptor, either alpha or 8) Mirtazapine (Remeron) is an antidepressant that affects a number of CNS receptors including the 5- HT 3 receptor. Mirtazapine inhibits the 5- HT3 receptors found on the CTZ, so you would expect Mirtazapine to be?. a) Antiemetic like Ondansetron b) Antiemetic like Scopolamine c) Anxiolytic like Buspirone d) Anti- migraine like Sumatriptan e) Antiemetic like Haloperidol 9) Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is an atypical antipsychotic that affects a number of CNS receptors including the 5- HT 3 receptor. Olanzapine inhibits the 5- HT3 receptors found on the CTZ, so you would expect Olanzapine to be antiemetic like. a) Diphenhydramine b) Aprepitant c) Ondansetron d) Scopolamine e) Haloperidol 10) Which of the following agonizes the 5- HT 1A receptor? It is a non- sedating anxiolytic. a) Buspirone c) Sumatriptan e) Trazodone

2 Neuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 2 of 5 11) The Muscarinic receptors are? a) ACh receptors with a very wide distribution, and not locations (SWEAT GLANDS) b) Sympathetic end organ receptors, either alpha or c) Nuclear receptors, which are simply Ligand receptors located on the cell nucleus and which generally modulate gene function d) ACh receptors, which may be in the CNS or PNS. In e) Receptors located in autonomic ganglia (for feedback inhibition) and at the parasympathetic end organ, on a few sympathetic end organs and on many non- enervated cells. 12) The Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) is the? a) ACh receptors with a very wide distribution, and not b) Receptor type located in autonomic ganglia and at the parasympathetic end organ, on a few sympathetic end organs and on many non- enervated cells. c) None of the listed answers is correct. d) Sympathetic end organ receptor, either alpha or e) Connection point between the somatic motor neuron and the skeletal muscle. The somatic neuron releases ACh, which diffuses across junction (gap) and binds to the receptor on skeletal muscle. This triggers the opening of an ion channel, which depolarizes the skeletal muscle and results in muscle contraction. 13) Which of the following blocks dopamine- 2 (D2) receptors in the CNS? Because there are D2 receptors on the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ), the part of your brain that detects information in the blood about toxicants, many of these drugs are also anti emetics. a) Opioids like morphine b) Amphetamines, like dextroamphetamine c) Antipsychotics like haloperidol (Haldol) d) Antihypertensives like clonidine (Catapres) e) Antidepressants like fluoxetine (Prozac) 14) Which of the following inhibits monoamine oxidase? It was the first transdermal patch antidepressant and is used to treat Parkinson's disease and senile dementia. a) Selegiline b) Donepezil c) Venlafaxine e) Amphetamines 15) The Nicotinic receptors are?_ a) Complicated receptors that are activated by the binding of a Ligand that triggers the activation of a second messenger system that then proceeds to carry out various tasks, which may include opening an ion channel, activating genes for protein synthesis or turning off processes within the cell. b) Receptors located in autonomic ganglia and at the parasympathetic end organ, on a few sympathetic end organs and on many non- enervated cells. c) Sympathetic end organ receptors, either alpha or d) ACh receptors with a very wide distribution, and not e) ACh receptors, which may be in the CNS or PNS. In 16) Which of the following agonizes the 5- HT 1D receptor? It is used to treat migraine. a) Ondansetron (Zofran) b) Sumatriptan (Imitrex) c) Trazodone (Desyrel) (Prozac) e) Buspirone (Buspar) 17) Which of the following blocks adenosine (purine) receptors? a) None of the drugs listed block adenosine receptors. b) Aminophylline c) Theophylline d) Caffeine (in coffee, for instance) e) All of the drugs listed block adenosine receptors. 18) Which of the following blocks the 5- HT 2 receptors? Is is used mostly as an antidepressant. a) Sumatriptan c) Trazodone e) Buspirone

3 Neuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 3 of 5 19) Which of the following inhibits the 5- HT transporter? It is used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic. a) Trazodone b) Fluoxetine c) Buspirone d) Sumatriptan e) Ondansetron 20) Which of the following inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACh)? It has many uses including cosmetic procedures. b) Botulinum toxin c) Digoxin d) Lidocaine e) Reserpine 21) Which of the following inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine? It is used as an antidepressant? a) Amphetamines b) Venlafaxine c) Fluoxetine d) Donepezil e) Selegiline 22) Which of the following inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase pump and is used to treat heart failure and atrial arrhythmias? b) Reserpine c) Botulinum toxin d) Lidocaine e) Digoxin 23) Which of the following inhibits voltage- gated sodium channels and is used as a local anesthetic? a) Botulinum toxin b) Reserpine c) Lidocaine d) Digoxin e) Amlodipine 24) Which of the following is a Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) used most often to treat angina and hypertension? b) Lidocaine c) Botulinum toxin d) Reserpine e) Digoxin 25) Which of the following is a centrally- active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor? It is used to treat Alzheimer's disease. a) Fluoxetine b) Amphetamines c) Donepezil d) Venlafaxine e) Selegiline 26) Which of the following is a GABA- A agonist? a) Baclofen b) The benzodiazepines, like diazepam (Valium) c) The general anesthetics, like propofol. d) The barbiturates, like phenobarbital e) All of the listed drugs are GABA- A agonists. 27) Which of the following is a Muscarinic agonist (stimulates muscarinic ACh receptors)? It is used to treat urinary retention (non- obstructive neurogenic bladder). a) Epinephrine b) Bethanechol c) Clonidine d) Albuterol e) Varenicline 28) Which of the following is a nicotinic antagonist (blocks nicotinic receptors at the NMJ)? It is used to induce skeletal muscle paralysis in preparation for (usually) insertion of tracheal tube and surgery a) Phentolamine b) Pancuronium c) Solifenacin d) Propranolol 29) Which of the following is an alpha 2 agonist? The a2 receptors in the CNS decrease sympathetic outflow. The sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction and otherwise mediates increases in blood pressure, so this drug acts to decrease blood pressure. a) Clonidine b) Sumatriptan c) Buspirone d) Haloperidol e) Ondansetron 30) Which of the following is an antiemetic that works by blocking the NK1 receptors on the CTZ? a) Ranitidine (Zantac) b) Theophylline (Theo- 24) c) Aprepitant (Emend) d) Trazodone (Desyrel) e) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

4 Neuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 4 of 5 31) Which of the following opioid analgesics are "morphine- like" mu (µ) agonists? Other opioids are mixed agonist- antagonists or target one of the other opioid receptors. a) Fentanyl b) Meperidine c) Hydrocodone d) Methadone e) All the drugs listed are morphine- like opioids. 32) Which of the following selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin (SSRI) and is used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic? a) Selegiline b) Amphetamines c) Venlafaxine d) Donepezil e) Fluoxetine 33) Which of these blocks the 5- HT 3 receptors in the CNS and GIT? Mirtazapine (Remeron) & Olanzapine (Zyprexa) also block the 5- HT 3 receptors and can be used as anti- emetics. a) Buspirone c) Fluoxetine d) Trazodone e) Sumatriptan 34) Which of these is a 1 st generation antihistamine? a) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) b) Aprepitant (Emend) c) Theophylline (Theo- 24) d) Sumatriptan (Imitrex) e) Ranitidine (Zantac) 35) Which of these is a Beta- 1 blocker and the top selling antihypertensive in the world? It is also used to treat angina. a) Atenolol c) Propranolol 36) Which of these is a mixed blocker (blocks both - 1 and - 2 receptors)? It has many uses including hypertension, angina, migraine, performance anxiety and others. c) Atropine e) Atenolol 37) Which of these is a - 2 agonist? It is used to treat asthma and COPD. a) Albuterol b) Bethanechol c) Doxazosin d) Phentolamine e) Metoprolol 38) Which of these is a H 2 receptor blocker with little CNS activity. It acts to reduce gastric acid secretion? a) Aprepitant b) Theophylline c) Ranitidine d) Ondansetron e) Diphenhydramine 39) Which of these is a mixed alpha and agonist? It is used to treat anaphylaxis among other things. b) Atropine c) Epinephrine d) Albuterol e) Metoprolol 40) Which of these is a mixed alpha antagonist (blocks both alpha- 1 and alpha- 2 receptors)? It is used to protect tissues from extravasated catecholamines. a) Doxazosin b) Atropine c) Metoprolol d) Phentolamine e) Solifenacin 41) Which of these is a muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)? It has many uses including to block secretions. a) Phentolamine b) Doxazosin c) Atropine d) Bethanechol e) Clonidine 42) Which of these is a nicotinic agonist? It is used in smoking cessation. a) Varenicline c) Bethanechol d) Epinephrine e) Clonidine

5 Neuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 5 of 5 43) Which of these is an alpha- 1 antagonist? It is used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). a) Clonidine b) Metoprolol c) Epinephrine d) Doxazosin 44) Which of these is an alpha- 2 adrenergic agonist (stimulates α 2 receptors)? It is used to treat hypertension and chronic pain (with an analgesic). a) Epinephrine b) Varenicline c) Clonidine d) Bethanechol e) Albuterol 45) Which of these is an NMDA antagonist? a) Ketamine b) Dextromethorphan c) Tramadol d) All of the listed drugs are NMDA antagonists. e) Memantine 46) Which of these is anticholinergic? It is used to treat urinary incontinence (over- active bladder syndrome). b) Solifenacin c) Phentolamine e) Doxazosin