Dialysis therapy remains the mainstay in the treatment
|
|
- Solomon Gallagher
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Proceedings of the ISPD 2006 The 11th Congress of the ISPD /07 $ August 25 29, 2006, Hong Kong Copyright 2007 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 27 (2007), Supplement 2 Printed in Canada. All rights reserved. THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR PRESERVATION OF RESIDUAL RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS Philip KamTao Li 1 and Yuk Lun Cheng 2 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 1 Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Department of Medicine, 2 Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, PR China Dialysis is not the ideal renal replacement therapy because it does not fully restore all kidney functions. Increasing evidence suggests that preservation of residual renal function is associated with a survival benefit, a decrease in morbidity, better nutrition, a lower level of inflammatory markers, an improved quality of life, and cost savings by obviating the need for more peritoneal dialysis exchanges and possibly by reducing the requirement for antihypertensive agents, phosphate binders, and erythropoietin. In the present article, we review the impact of residual renal function on patient outcomes and the renoprotective strategies available in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2007; 27(S2):S158 S163 Correspondence to: P.K.T. Li, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. philipli@cuhk.edu.hk S158 KEY WORDS: Residual renal function; renoprotective strategy. Dialysis therapy remains the mainstay in the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease. However, dialysis is not the ideal renal replacement therapy. It does not fully restore all the functions of failed kidneys, particularly the metabolic functions, with their complex feedback mechanisms. Preservation of residual renal function (RRF), even in patients who have already been started on dialysis therapy, is of paramount importance. The presence of RRF is associated with better small and larger molecule clearances, better volume control, and better endocrine and metabolic functions. Hence, it is not surprising that a favorable effect of RRF on patient outcome has been noted (1 5). Preservation of RRF has been observed to be better prolonged with peritoneal dialysis (PD) than with hemodialysis (HD). New dialysis patients treated with PD had a 65% lower risk of RRF loss than did those treated with HD (6). Once HD is started, RRF declines rapidly (7). The hypotheses that have been proposed to explain these findings include generation of inflammatory mediators by the HD circuit, the rapid intravascular contraction inherent in HD, and the lower pre-glomerular arterial pressure and lower protein intake among PD patients. Better-preserved RRF may contribute to the superior survival seen in PD patients as compared with HD patients in the first few years after initiation of dialysis therapy (8). The foregoing findings all support the Hong Kong PD first policy that is, to dialyze incident end-stage renal disease patients first with PD. Preservation of RRF is important in maintaining the longevity of PD treatment. In the present article, we discuss the impact of RRF on patient outcomes and the options available to preserve RRF in PD patients. DISCUSSION POTENTIAL IMPACT OF RRF Residual renal function contributes substantially to the adequacy of PD. It helps to achieve solute removal targets and may obviate the need for additional PD exchanges. Preservation of 1 ml/min of residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been found to spare as much as one 2-L dialysis exchange daily (9). A reduction in the number of PD exchanges minimizes disturbance to the social life of patients and theoretically reduces peritonitis secondary to contamination of the PD circuit during exchanges. For patients with a bigger body build, the presence of RRF is particularly important in maintaining PD adequacy, because a higher urea distribution volume and surface area (and hence bigger denominators in the estimation of Kt/V and creatinine clearance) are expected. Assuming a dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio of 0.65,
2 PDI JUNE 2007 VOL. 27, SUPPL 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH CONGRESS OF THE ISPD each 1 ml/min of renal clearance can be translated into a weekly Kt/V of and weekly creatinine clearance of 10 L, or a daily drainage volume of 2.2 L for a 70-kg male (10). Finally, it should be noted that an increase in the exchange volume or frequency of PD cannot completely compensate for a decline in RRF. With regard to longterm outcome, 1 ml/min of RRF is believed to be more beneficial than is 1 ml/min of peritoneal creatinine clearance, given the more favorable impact of RRF. Current guidelines for PD adequacy are based on the kinetics of small water-soluble molecules; they do not consider the role of other substances, such as larger molecules (11). Retention of those substances is thought to be related to some of the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic dialysis. For practical reasons (among others), these other molecules are not routinely monitored in dialysis patients, and practitioners should realize that clearances of those molecules depend mainly on RRF. Increasing the PD dose does not enhance the clearance of larger molecules (12). Another objective of dialysis is to correct overhydration and to remove accumulated salt and water. Volume excess is an important cause of hypertension in dialysis patients, and hypertension is considered to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In this regard, our group showed that a lack of RRF is significantly associated with a higher left ventricular mass index in nondiabetic PD patients (13). Preserving RRF undoubtedly helps to maintain fluid balance and, hence, to control blood pressure and reduce the likelihood of left ventricular hypertrophy developing in dialysis patients. Finally, the kidney is an important endocrine organ. It contributes to the activation of vitamin D and the production of erythropoietin. Unsurprisingly, calcium and phosphate balance is better in PD patients with RRF (5). Moreover, patients with better preserved RRF have been reported to be significantly less anemic and to require less erythropoietin treatment (13), probably because of higher levels of endogenous erythropoietin. RRF AND OUTCOME Increasing evidence supports a survival benefit for RRF preservation in PD patients (1 5). Prospective studies have demonstrated that residual GFR is an independent factor in patient survival (1,5). That finding is consistent with other studies that showed a lower mortality rate in non-anuric patients than in anuric PD patients (4,5). In this respect, Bargman et al. reanalyzed the CANUSA data and showed a 12% reduction in the risk for patient mortality for each 5 L/1.73 m 2 increment in weekly residual GFR and 36% for each 250-mL increment in daily urine volume in PD patients (2). Another important facet in the proper management of end-stage renal disease patients is the provision of adequate nutrition. However, malnutrition is not uncommon in patients undergoing dialysis, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (1,14). Estimates suggest that 8% 10% and 30% 35 % of PD patients show evidence of severe or mild-to-moderate protein energy malnutrition respectively (15). With regard to nutrition, our group has demonstrated a significant trend toward higher serum albumin levels in PD patients with better residual GFR (13). Moreover, we have also shown a significant and independent contribution of RRF to the actual dietary intakes of protein, calories, and other nutrients in PD patients (16). For each increment of 1 ml/min/1.73 m 2 in residual GFR, dietary calorie intake was noted to increase by a factor of 0.838, and dietary protein intake, by a factor of (16). Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) is the prototypic marker of inflammation. Elevated levels of high-sensitivity CRP have been noted to be an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients, and a significant trend of increasing high-sensitivity CRP has been found with decreasing residual GFR in PD patients (3). Vascular disease remains the leading cause of death in PD patients (1,3,4). It contributes to half the mortality in this population. Notably, as compared with PD patients with RRF, anuric PD patients have a higher overall mortality rate a rate that has been almost completely attributed to the difference in mortality from vascular disease (4). Furthermore, patients without pre-existing cardiovascular disease at the initiation of PD more commonly died of vascular disease after they became anuric (4). Thus, existing evidence suggests that a decline in RRF in PD patients is associated with more malnutrition, higher levels of inflammatory markers, and a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and atherosclerotic complications the malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis, calcification syndrome. And in fact, an association between better quality of life and a higher residual GFR has recently been noted (17). THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS TO PRESERVE RRF Many studies in patients with chronic kidney disease have attempted to delineate the factors that accelerate a decline in renal function. Various renoprotective strategies have also been proposed (18). However, comparatively few relevant studies have been conducted in S159
3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH CONGRESS OF THE ISPD JUNE 2007 VOL. 27, SUPPL 2 PDI patients on PD treatment. Based on currently available information, Table 1 lists possible therapeutic options for the preservation of RRF. Avoid Potentially Nephrotoxic Agents: One approach to preserving RRF is to avoid (where possible) the use of nephrotoxic agents such as aminoglycosides and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories. Aminoglycosides are worth a larger discussion because they are commonly used in the treatment of PD-related peritonitis. In view of the potential nephrotoxic and ototoxic effect of aminoglycosides, the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines published in 2005 recommend avoidance of extended or repeated courses of aminoglycoside therapy if an alternative approach is possible (19). However, short-term use of intraperitoneal aminoglycosides appears to be safe and to pose no harm to RRF (19,20). In this respect, a recent prospective randomized trial by Lui et al. suggested that PD-related peritonitis is associated with a significant but reversible reduction in RRF and daily urine volume at day 14 despite successful treatment of peritonitis. On the other hand, no difference was discerned with regard to the effect of a 2-week course of intraperitoneal netilmicin on RRF and urine volume in PD patients with peritonitis (20). Judicious Use of Radiocontrast Dyes: Contrast-media nephrotoxicity has been reported in the general population. Conventional high-osmolality contrast media are probably more nephrotoxic than are the newer lowosmolality contrast media. Other risk factors, such as older age, presence of diabetic nephropathy, volume depletion, cardiac failure, liver failure, and pre-existing renal insufficiency have also been reported (21). Because the proportion of elderly patients and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy are increasing in the dialysis population, multiple risk factors for contrast-media nephrotoxicity are now more common in dialysis patients. S160 TABLE 1 Therapeutic Options for Preservation of Residual Renal Function 1. Avoid nephrotoxic drugs (for example, aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) 2. Use radiocontrast dyes judiciously 3. Optimize blood pressure control 4. Avoid hypotension and dehydration 5. Use angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers 6. Use biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solution a 7. Prevent peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis a Preliminary data. A multifactorial pathogenesis of the condition is postulated, with a reduction in renal perfusion by direct effect of the agents and a resulting toxic effect on tubular cells now generally agreed to be the main factors (22). Reports concerning the general population are not lacking, but data on effect of contrast media on RRF in PD patients remain scarce. Recently, two prospective studies reported a lack of any persistent effect of contrast media on RRF in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients (23,24). One of these studies recruited 8 CAPD patients and showed a borderline significant difference in the time course of renal clearance, with the lowest level occurring on day 6 as compared with baseline (23). The effect on RRF was transient and was not observed on day 30. Moreover, no difference in RRF was noted between the study and the control groups. However, another prospective study by Moranne et al. noted no accelerated decline in RRF or daily urine volume on day 14 in 36 PD patients who were adequately hydrated before the contrast study and in whom a minimum volume (<200 ml) of iodinated contrast medium was used per radiologic investigation (24). Based on these results, physicians should not refrain from contrast studies in the presence of a real clinical indication. However, the dose of the contrast medium must be as low as possible, and precautionary measures for instance, adequate hydration should be considered before the contrast study begins. Finally, practitioners should understand that no trial has yet been performed to test the usefulness of acetylcysteine in preserving RRF in PD patients; however, interest in using this drug to prevent contrast-media nephrotoxicity in patients with chronic kidney disease is increasing. Optimization of Blood Pressure Control: In patients with chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure is well known to be negatively associated with renal function (18). Similar findings are observed in dialysis patients. A prospective observational study in incident dialysis patients by Jansen et al. found a negative effect of high diastolic blood pressure on RRF (7). Each 10-mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure resulted in a 0.4 ml/min decrease in residual GFR (7). Noteworthy is the fact that declining RRF was also found to be independently associated with worsening blood pressure control (25). In other words, better-preserved RRF may lead to better blood pressure control, and optimized blood pressure control may better maintain RRF in PD patients. Finally, control of dry body weight and multiple antihypertensive agents are usually required to achieve blood pressure goals in PD patients. However, dialyzing patients below their dry body weight is not desirable,
4 PDI JUNE 2007 VOL. 27, SUPPL 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH CONGRESS OF THE ISPD because dehydration in PD patients has been reported to be negatively associated with residual GFR (7). Choice of Antihypertensive Agents: Many studies have suggested that certain antihypertensive agents offer additional renoprotection in patients with chronic kidney disease, and relevant guidelines have been proposed (18). For PD patients, the choice of antihypertensive agents may also help to preserve RRF. Use of angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), or calcium channel blockers has been shown to be associated with decreased risk of RRF decline in PD patients (6,26,27). Our group performed the first prospective randomized study demonstrating the clinical benefit of ramipril, an ACE inhibitor, in PD patients (26). Our results suggest that ramipril significantly reduces the rate of RRF decline and that it also possibly delays the development of complete anuria in prevalent CAPD patients. After 12 months of ramipril, the relative odds of developing anuria in the ramipril treatment group as compared with the no treatment group was (26). Administration of ARBs is another approach to inhibiting the renin angiotensin system. A prospective randomized trial by Suzuki et al. (27) demonstrated that RRF and daily urine volume were significantly better preserved by putting CAPD patients on an ARB (valsartan). Moreover, those authors also showed that the renoprotection persisted through the 2-year study period. An increasing risk of loss of RRF over time among PD patients has been recognized (6,12). For new patients starting PD treatment (as contrasted with prevalent PD patients), administration of an ACE inhibitor or an ARB might better preserve RRF. As is the case in the nondialysis population, the renoprotection of ACE inhibitors and ARBs appears to be independent of blood pressure control (26,27). Furthermore, both our group s study and the one by Suzuki et al. showed that ramipril or valsartan was not effective in reducing proteinuria, and thus that an antiproteinuric effect was not the major mechanism for renoprotection (26,27). Apart from their effect on the renin angiotensin axis, ACE inhibitors may also suppress plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and CRP in chronic renal failure patients, which implies that other mechanisms may also be involved (28). Moreover, the use of ACE inhibitors has also been noted to be associated with a low prevalence of malnutrition (28). Although further study is required to confirm that finding, it and the potential renoprotection effect favor the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs in PD patients (26 28). In our study, no patients developed hyperkalemia that necessitated withdrawal of ramipril, partly because of the nature of continuous PD (26). Nevertheless, careful monitoring of serum potassium to detect hyperkalemia after initiation or increase in the dose of an ACE inhibitor or ARB is necessary, especially in patients with inadequate dialysis or low solute transport and in those who are noncompliant with dietary restrictions. Use of Diuretics: Diuretics are generally useful for control of extracellular fluid volume expansion in dialysis patients with residual urine output. These agents may obviate the need for using a more hypertonic PD solution. Among the various classes of diuretics, loop diuretics are the most commonly used because they are effective in patients with advanced renal failure. In one study, long-term high-dose furosemide was found to be safe and to produce a significant increase in urine volume in PD patients (29). Although the drug was shown to have no effect on RRF preservation, it helped to maintain fluid balance in PD patients (29). Choice of PD Solution: Conventional glucose-based PD solutions are not biocompatible. The low ph, high glucose content, and potentially cytotoxic glucose degradation products (GDPs) with subsequent development of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to undesirable changes in the peritoneal membrane and its function. Recently, new solutions with multi-compartment solution bags have been developed. A higher ph and reduced GDPs are advantages of these new solutions. Using one of low-gdp solutions in prevalent CAPD patients, Williams et al. (30) demonstrated that patients dialyzed for 12 weeks showed significant improvement in effluent markers of peritoneal membrane integrity and significantly decreased circulating AGE levels (30). Equally important, significantly higher RRF and daily urine volume were noted after patients were exposed to the 12-week trial of this PD solution (30). However, our group s own randomized controlled trial of low-gdp solution did not show any significant difference in RRF (31). Another, larger-scale prospective randomized controlled study, the balanz study, is currently being performed to assess the effect on RRF preservation of low-gdp, neutral-ph PD solution. That study is anticipated to be completed in September Other Possible Renoprotective Strategies: Considerable concern has been raised about the use of automated PD (APD) on the risk of RRF loss. Small studies of fewer than 20 APD patients have suggested that patients on APD experience a more rapid RRF loss than do patients on CAPD (32). The decline in RRF is hypothesized to be related to the rapid change in volume status and osmotic load in APD. However, in a large prospective observational study, APD was not observed to be associated with S161
5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH CONGRESS OF THE ISPD JUNE 2007 VOL. 27, SUPPL 2 PDI a difference in RRF loss (6). Further prospective randomized trials are necessary to determine the significance of these findings. To minimize the use of more hypertonic PD solution in APD patients, measures such as fluid restriction and administration of diuretics may be considered. The effect of PD peritonitis on RRF is the subject of some controversy. As previously mentioned, the randomized trial by Lui et al. suggests that peritonitis-related RRF loss is transient and reversible regardless of the choice of antibiotics (20). However, data on the effect of refractory and repeated peritonitis on RRF is lacking. A retrospective study reported that peritonitis rate is associated with a more rapid decline of RRF (33). Given that peritonitis has also been reported to be the major cause of PD failure, measures to prevent PD peritonitis should be instituted for their possible renoprotective effect and to maintain the longevity of PD treatment. Finally, negative effects of higher serum calcium (6) and proteinuria (7) on RRF have also been reported in large prospective observational studies. Regular monitoring of serum calcium is advisable, and measures to control proteinuria (for example, careful titration of ACE inhibitors or ARBs, or combination of these) may be considered. Additional randomized studies are needed to confirm those findings. CONCLUSIONS Preservation of RRF is very important in the proper management of dialysis patients. Residual renal function optimizes PD treatment and may obviate the need for additional PD exchanges, and hence may reduce the cost of PD treatment (9,10). It also improves outcomes, lowering mortality and morbidity, and is associated with a better quality of life. Interventions to correct the modifiable factors that can better maintain RRF should be considered. Moreover, it appears that patients may benefit most if renoprotective measures can be implemented early in PD treatment. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported in part by the Chinese University of Hong Kong Research Grant Account REFERENCES 1. Szeto CC, Wong TYH, Leung CB, Wang AYM, Law MC, Lui SF, et al. Importance of dialysis adequacy in mortality and morbidity of Chinese CAPD patients. Kidney Int 2000; 58: Bargman JM, Thorpe KE, Churchill DN. Relative contribution of residual renal function and peritoneal clearance to adequacy of dialysis: a reanalysis of the CANUSA study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: Li PK, Chow KM. The clinical and epidemiological aspects of vascular mortality in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 2005; 25(Suppl 3):S Szeto CC, Wong TYH, Chow KM, Leung CB, Li PK. Are peritoneal dialysis patients with and without residual renal function equivalent for survival study? Insight from a retrospective review of the cause of death. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: Wang AY, Woo J, Wang M, Sea MM, Sanderson JE, Lui SF, et al. Important differentiation of factors that predict outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients with different degrees of residual renal function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20: Moist LM, Port FK, Orzol SM, Young EW, Ostbye T, Wolfe RA, et al. Predictors of loss of residual renal function among new dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: Jansen MA, Hart AA, Korevaar JC, Dekker FW, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT. Predictors of the rate of decline of residual renal function in incident dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2002; 62: Korevaar JC, Feith GW, Dekker FW, van Manen JG, Boeschoten EW, Bossuyt PM, et al. Effect of starting with hemodialysis compared with peritoneal dialysis in patients new on dialysis treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Kidney Int 2003; 64: Li PK, Chow KM. The cost barrier to peritoneal dialysis in the developing world an Asian perspective. Perit Dial Int 2001; 21(Suppl 3):S Li PK, Szeto CC. Adequacy targets of peritoneal dialysis in the Asian population. Perit Dial Int 2001; 21(Suppl 3): S Lo WK, Bargman JM, Burkart J, Krediet RT, Pollock C, Kawanishi H, et al. Guideline on targets for solute and fluid removal in adult patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2006; 26: Bammens B, Evenepoel P, Verbeke K, Vanrenterghem Y. Time profiles of peritoneal and renal clearances of different uremic solutes in incident peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 46: Wang AY, Wang M, Woo J, Law MC, Chow KM, Li PK, et al. A novel association between residual renal function and left ventricular hypertrophy in peritoneal dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2002; 62: Churchill DN, Taylor DW, Keshaviah PR, and the CANUSA Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group. Adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in continuous peritoneal dialysis: association with clinical outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: Young GA, Kopple JD, Lindholm B, Vonesh EF, De Vecchi A, Scalamogna A, et al. Nutritional assessment of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: an international study. Am J Kidney Dis 1991; 17: S162
6 PDI JUNE 2007 VOL. 27, SUPPL 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH CONGRESS OF THE ISPD 16. Wang AY, Sea MM, Ip R, Law MC, Chow KM, Lui SF, et al. Independent effects of residual renal function and dialysis adequacy on actual dietary protein, calorie, and other nutrient intake in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: Termorshuizen F, Korevaar JC, Dekker FW, van Manen JG, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT. The relative importance of residual renal function compared with peritoneal clearance for patient survival and quality of life: an analysis of the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD) 2. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 41: Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43(Suppl 1):S Piraino B, Bailie GR, Bernardini J, Boeschoten E, Gupta A, Holmes C, et al. Peritoneal dialysis related infections recommendations: 2005 update. Perit Dial Int 2005; 25: Lui SL, Cheng SW, Ng F, Ng SY, Wan KM, Yip T, et al. Cefazolin plus netilmicin versus cefazolin plus ceftazidime for treating CAPD peritonitis: effect on residual renal function. Kidney Int 2005; 68: Bettmann MA. Contrast medium-induced nephropathy: critical review of the existing clinical evidence. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20(Suppl 1):i Persson PB, Hansell P, Liss P. Pathophysiology of contrast medium-induced nephropathy. Kidney Int 2005; 68: Dittrich E, Puttinger H, Schillinger M, Lang I, Stefenelli T, Horl WH, et al. Effect of radio contrast media on residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients a prospective study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: Moranne O, Willoteaux S, Pagniez D, Dequiedt P, Boulanger E. Effect of iodinated contrast agents on residual renal function in PD patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: Menon MK, Naimark DM, Bargman JM, Vas SI, Oreopoulos DG. Long-term blood pressure control in a cohort of peritoneal dialysis patients and its association with residual renal function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: Li PK, Chow KM, Wong TYH, Leung CB, Szeto CC. Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on residual renal function in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: Suzuki H, Kanno Y, Sugahara S, Okada H, Nakamoto H. Effects of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan, on residual renal function in patients on CAPD. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43: Stenvinkel P, Andersson P, Wang T, Lindholm B, Bergström J, Palmblad J, et al. Do ACE-inhibitors suppress tumour necrosis factor alpha production in advanced chronic renal failure? J Intern Med 1999; 246: Medcalf JF, Harris KPG, Walls J. Role of diuretics in the preservation of residual renal function in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 2001; 59: Williams JD, Topley N, Craig KJ, Mackenzie RK, Pischetsrieder M, Lage C, et al. The Euro-Balance trial: the effect of a new biocompatible peritoneal dialysis fluid (Balance) on the peritoneal membrane. Kidney Int 2004; 66: Szeto CC, Chow KM, Lam CW, Leung CB, Kwan BC, Chung KY, et al. Clinical biocompatibility of a neutral peritoneal dialysis solution with minimal glucose-degradation-products a one-year randomized control trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 22: Hufnagel G, Michel C, Queffeulou G, Skhiri H, Damieri, Mignon F. The influence of automated peritoneal dialysis on the decrease in residual renal function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14: Shin SK, Noh H, Kang SW, Seo BJ, Lee IH, Song HY, et al. Risk factors influencing the decline of residual renal function in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 1999; 19: S163
Peritoneal Dialysis Adequacy: Not Just Small- Solute Clearance
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 24, 2008 Rajesh Yalavarthy, Isaac Teitelbaum Peritoneal Dialysis Adequacy: Not Just Small- Solute Clearance Two indices of small-solute clearance, Kt/V urea and creatinine
More informationPART ONE. Peritoneal Kinetics and Anatomy
PART ONE Peritoneal Kinetics and Anatomy Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 22, 2006 Paul A. Fein, Irfan Fazil, Muhammad A. Rafiq, Teresa Schloth, Betty Matza, Jyotiprakas Chattopadhyay, Morrell M.
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment. Mode of dialysis at initiation GUIDELINES
Date written: September 2004 Final submission: February 2005 Mode of dialysis at initiation GUIDELINES No recommendations possible based on Level I or II evidence SUGGESTIONS FOR CLINICAL CARE (Suggestions
More informationEarly Estimation of High Peritoneal Permeability Can Predict Poor Prognosis for Technique Survival in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 22, 2006 Hidetomo Nakamoto, 1,2 Hirokazu Imai, 2 Hideki Kawanishi, 2 Masahiko Nakamoto, 2 Jun Minakuchi, 2 Shinichi Kumon, 2 Syuichi Watanabe, 2 Yoshhiko Shiohira,
More informationIntravenous Iron Does Not Affect the Rate of Decline of Residual Renal Function in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 22, 2006 Hemal Shah, Ashutosh Shukla, Abirami Krishnan, Theodore Pliakogiannis, Mufazzal Ahmad, Joanne M. Bargman, Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos Intravenous Iron Does Not
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment. Monitoring patients on peritoneal dialysis GUIDELINES
Date written: August 2004 Final submission: July 2005 Monitoring patients on peritoneal dialysis GUIDELINES No recommendations possible based on Level I or II evidence SUGGESTIONS FOR CLINICAL CARE (Suggestions
More informationThe greatest benefit of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the
Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 26, pp. 150 154 Printed in Canada. All rights reserved. 0896-8608/06 $3.00 +.00 Copyright 2006 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis COMBINATION THERAPY
More informationAna Paula Bernardo. CHP Hospital de Santo António ICBAS/ Universidade do Porto
Ana Paula Bernardo CHP Hospital de Santo António ICBAS/ Universidade do Porto Clinical relevance of hyperphosphatemia Phosphate handling in dialysis patients Phosphate kinetics in PD peritoneal phosphate
More informationThe importance of residual renal function in dialysis patients
review http://www.kidney-international.org & 2006 International Society of Nephrology The importance of residual renal function in dialysis patients AY-M Wang 1 and K-N Lai 1 1 University Department of
More informationTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS TO PRESERVE RESIDUAL KIDNEY FUNCTION. Rajnish Mehrotra Harborview Medical Center University of Washington, Seattle
THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS TO PRESERVE RESIDUAL KIDNEY FUNCTION Rajnish Mehrotra Harborview Medical Center University of Washington, Seattle 1 2 Outline of Presentation Refinements in our understanding
More informationDiabetes in Renal Patients. Contents. Understanding Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetes in Renal Patients Contents Understanding Diabetic Nephropathy What effect does CKD have on a patient s diabetic control? Diabetic Drugs in CKD and Dialysis Patients Hyper and Hypoglycaemia in
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment. Level of renal function at which to initiate dialysis GUIDELINES
Level of renal function at which to initiate dialysis Date written: September 2004 Final submission: February 2005 GUIDELINES No recommendations possible based on Level I or II evidence SUGGESTIONS FOR
More informationAdvances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 29, 2013
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 29, 2013 Takeyuki Hiramatsu, 1 Takahiro Hayasaki, 1 Akinori Hobo, 1 Shinji Furuta, 1 Koki Kabu, 2 Yukio Tonozuka, 2 Yoshiyasu Iida 1 Icodextrin Eliminates Phosphate
More information3/21/2017. Solute Clearance and Adequacy Targets in Peritoneal Dialysis. Peritoneal Membrane. Peritoneal Membrane
3/21/2017 Solute Clearance and Adequacy Targets in Peritoneal Dialysis Steven Guest MD Director, Medical Consulting Services Baxter Healthcare Corporation Deerfield, IL, USA Peritoneal Membrane Image courtesy
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment. Peritoneal transport and ultrafiltration GUIDELINES
Date written: January 2004 Final submission: May 2004 Peritoneal transport and ultrafiltration GUIDELINES No recommendations possible based on Level I or II evidence SUGGESTIONS FOR CLINICAL CARE (Suggestions
More information2016 Annual Dialysis Conference Michelle Hofmann RN, BSN, CNN Renal Clinical Educator - Home
Fluid Management 2016 Annual Dialysis Conference Michelle Hofmann RN, BSN, CNN Renal Clinical Educator - Home Objectives Define euvolemia Determine factors which contribute to fluid imbalance Discuss strategies
More informationPERITONEAL DIALYSIS PRESCRIPTION MANAGEMENT GUIDE
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PRESCRIPTION MANAGEMENT GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.... 3 SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF THE PRESCRIPTION.... 4 Getting Started: Patient Pathway to First Prescription.... 5 Volume
More informationObjectives. Peritoneal Dialysis vs. Hemodialysis 02/27/2018. Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription and Adequacy Monitoring
Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription and Adequacy Monitoring Christine B. Sethna, MD, EdM Division Director, Pediatric Nephrology Cohen Children s Medical Center Associate Professor Hofstra Northwell School
More informationHow to preserve residual renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis?
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2006) 21 [Suppl 2]: ii42 ii46 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl137 Original Article How to preserve residual renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis? Raymond T.
More informationAdvances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 23, 2007
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 23, 2007 Antonios H. Tzamaloukas, 1,2 Aideloje Onime, 1,2 Dominic S.C. Raj, 2 Glen H. Murata, 1 Dorothy J. VanderJagt, 3 Karen S. Servilla 1,2 Computation of the Dose
More informationMaintaining Peritoneal Dialysis Adequacy: The Process of Incremental Prescription
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 34, 2018 Susie Q. Lew Maintaining Peritoneal Dialysis Adequacy: The Process of Incremental Prescription Urea kinetics (weekly Kt/V) greater than 1.7 generally define
More informationThe Effect of Residual Renal Function at the Initiation of Dialysis on Patient Survival
ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2009.24.1.55 The Effect of Residual Renal Function at the Initiation of Dialysis on Patient Survival Seoung Gu Kim 1 and Nam Ho Kim 2 Department of Internal Medicine,
More informationAssociation Between Residual Kidney Function and Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 31, 2015 Kei Yokota, 1,2 Tsutomu Sakurada, 1 Kenichiro Koitabashi, 1 Yugo Shibagaki, 1 Kazuomi Kario, 2 Kenjiro Kimura 3 Association Between Residual Kidney Function
More informationWhen to start dialysis?
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2006) 21 [Suppl 2]: ii20 ii24 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl139 Original Article When to start dialysis? C. E. Douma 1 and W. Smit 2 1 Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center,
More informationPRESERVATION OF RESIDUAL RENAL FUNCTION IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: EFFECTS OF DIALYSIS-TECHNIQUE RELATED FACTORS
Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 21, pp. 52 57 Printed in Canada. All rights reserved. 0896-8608/00 $3.00 +.00 Copyright 2001 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis PRESERVATION OF RESIDUAL
More informationProceedings of the ISPD 2006 The 11th Congress of the ISPD /07 $ MAXIMIZING THE SUCCESS OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN HIGH TRANSPORTERS
Proceedings of the ISPD 2006 The 11th Congress of the ISPD 0896-8608/07 $3.00 +.00 August 25 29, 2006, Hong Kong Copyright 2007 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Peritoneal Dialysis International,
More informationSurvival of Patients Over 75 Years of Age on Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 26, 2010 Hiromichi Suzuki, Tsutomu Inoue, Yusuke Watanabe, Tomohiro Kikuta, Takahiko Sato, Masahiro Tsuda Survival of Patients Over 75 Years of Age on Peritoneal Dialysis
More informationHKMA Community Network HT Management Program
HKMA Community Network HT Management Program Peritoneal Dialysis and Hypertension Dr Siu Yui Pong, Gordon Review of Target BP in non-dialysis CKD patients What are the guidelines? DOQI (Dialysis Outcomes
More informationReducing proteinuria
Date written: May 2005 Final submission: October 2005 Author: Adrian Gillin Reducing proteinuria GUIDELINES a. The beneficial effect of treatment regimens that include angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors
More informationVolume Management 2/25/2017. Disclosures statement: Objectives. To discuss evaluation of hypervolemia in peritoneal dialysis patients
Volume Management Sagar Nigwekar MD, MMSc Massachusetts General Hospital E-mail: snigwekar@mgh.harvard.edu March 14, 2017 Disclosures statement: Consultant: Allena, Becker Professional Education Grant
More informationHyperphosphatemia is a strong predictor of overall
Peritoneal Phosphate Clearance is Influenced by Peritoneal Dialysis Modality, Independent of Peritoneal Transport Characteristics Sunil V. Badve,* Deborah L. Zimmerman,* Greg A. Knoll, * Kevin D. Burns,*
More informationPART FOUR. Metabolism and Nutrition
PART FOUR Metabolism and Nutrition Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 22, 2006 Costas Fourtounas, Eirini Savidaki, Marilena Roumelioti, Periklis Dousdampanis, Andreas Hardalias, Pantelitsa Kalliakmani,
More informationEffect of Kt/V on survival and clinical outcome in CAPD patients in a randomized prospective study
Kidney International, Vol. 64 (2003), pp. 649 656 DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION Effect of Kt/V on survival and clinical outcome in CAPD patients in a randomized prospective study WAI-KEI LO, YIU-WING HO, CHUN-SANG
More informationMETHODS RESULTS. Patients
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Korean J Intern Med 2014;29:489-497 Ferritin as a predictor of decline in residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients Soon Mi Hur, Hye Young Ju, Moo Yong Park, Soo Jeong Choi,
More informationOriginal Article. Key words: Icodextrin, peritoneal dialysis, metabolic effects, ultrafiltration
Original Article 133 Clinical Experience of One-Year Icodextrin Treatment in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Chun-Shuo Hsu *, Chien-Yu Su **, Chih-Hung Chang ***, Kao-Tai Hsu **, King-Kwan Lam **, Shang-Chih
More informationGambrosol Trio, clinical studies 91 Glitazone, malnutrition-inflammationatherosclerosis
Subject Index Acidosis, see Metabolic acidosis Activated carbon, sorbents 337 Adipokines adipose tissue and systemic inflammation 169 functions 167 169 prospects for study in renal patients 171 Adiponectin,
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment. ACE Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Antagonist Combination Treatment GUIDELINES
ACE Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Antagonist Combination Treatment Date written: September 2004 Final submission: September 2005 Author: Kathy Nicholls GUIDELINES No recommendations possible based on Level
More informationPredictors of Patient Survival in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis 10-Year Experience in 2 Major Centers in Tehran
Dialysis Predictors of Patient Survival in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis 10-Year Experience in 2 Major Centers in Tehran Monir Sadat Hakemi, 1 Mehdi Golbabaei, 2 Amirahmad Nassiri, 3 Mandana
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment. Optimising small solute clearances in peritoneal dialysis GUIDELINES
Optimising small solute clearances in peritoneal dialysis Date written: August 2004 Final submission: December 2004 GUIDELINES a. Aim to maintain residual renal function (RRF). Consider the use of ace
More informationContinuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: What, Who, Why, and How? Review and Case Study
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 33, 2017 Kunal Malhotra, Ramesh Khanna Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: What, Who, Why, and How? Review and Case Study
More informationImprovement in Pittsburgh Symptom Score Index After Initiation of Peritoneal Dialysis
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 24, 2008 Matthew J. Novak, 1 Heena Sheth, 2 Filitsa H. Bender, 1 Linda Fried, 1,3 Beth Piraino 1 Improvement in Pittsburgh Symptom Score Index After Initiation of
More informationPERSISTENT SYMPTOMATIC INTRA-ABDOMINAL COLLECTION AFTER CATHETER REMOVAL FOR PD-RELATED PERITONITIS
Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 31, pp. 34-38 doi:10.3747/pdi.2009.00185 0896-8608/11 $3.00 +.00 Copyright 2011 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis PERSISTENT SYMPTOMATIC INTRA-ABDOMINAL
More informationALLHAT RENAL DISEASE OUTCOMES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS STRATIFIED INTO 4 GROUPS BY BASELINE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR)
1 RENAL DISEASE OUTCOMES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS STRATIFIED INTO 4 GROUPS BY BASELINE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR) 6 / 5 / 1006-1 2 Introduction Hypertension is the second most common cause of end-stage
More informationSuperior dialytic clearance of b 2 -microglobulin and p-cresol by high-flux hemodialysis as compared to peritoneal dialysis
original article http://www.kidney-international.org 26 International Society of Nephrology Superior dialytic clearance of b 2 -microglobulin and p-cresol by high-flux hemodialysis as compared to peritoneal
More informationKieran McCafferty 1,2, Stanley Fan 1 and Andrew Davenport 2. clinical investigation. see commentary on page 15
http://www.kidney-international.org & 2013 International Society of Nephrology see commentary on page 15 Extracellular volume expansion, measured by multifrequency bioimpedance, does not help preserve
More informationEvaluation and management of nutrition in children
Evaluation and management of nutrition in children Date written: May 2004 Final submission: January 2005 Author: Elisabeth Hodson GUIDELINES No recommendations possible based on Level I or II evidence
More informationPERITONEAL DIALYSIS PRESCRIPTION MANAGEMENT QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PRESCRIPTION MANAGEMENT QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE This quick reference guide will help serve as a reference tool for clinicians setting a patient s Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) prescription.
More informationCorrelation of Residual Diuresis with MIS Score and Nutritional Status in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Croatian Nationwide Study
BANTAO Journal 2015; 13(2): 59-67; doi:10.1515/bj-2015-0014 59 BJ BANTAO Journal Original article Correlation of Residual Diuresis with MIS Score and Nutritional Status in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients:
More informationI. CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ADEQUACY
I. CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ADEQUACY GUIDELINE 1. INITIATION OF DIALYSIS 1.1 Preparation for kidney failure: Patients who reach chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 (estimated
More informationVA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care (2008) PROVIDER REFERENCE CARDS Chronic Kidney Disease
VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care (2008) PROVIDER REFERECE CARDS Chronic Kidney Disease CKD VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management
More informationChapter 2 Peritoneal Equilibration Testing and Application
Chapter 2 Peritoneal Equilibration Testing and Application Francisco J. Cano Case Presentation FW, a recently diagnosed patient with CKD Stage 5, is a 6-year-old boy who has been recommended to initiate
More informationHYPERTENSION IN CKD. LEENA ONGAJYOOTH, M.D., Dr.med RENAL UNIT SIRIRAJ HOSPITAL
HYPERTENSION IN CKD LEENA ONGAJYOOTH, M.D., Dr.med RENAL UNIT SIRIRAJ HOSPITAL Stages in Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Therapeutic Strategies Complications Normal Increased risk Damage GFR
More informationStages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Early Treatment is the Key Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage Description GFR (ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) >90 1 Kidney damage with normal or GFR 2 Mild decrease in GFR 60-89 3 Moderate decrease in GFR
More informationObjectives. Pre-dialysis CKD: The Problem. Pre-dialysis CKD: The Problem. Objectives
The Role of the Primary Physician and the Nephrologist in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease () By Brian Young, M.D. Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
More informationAdequacy of automated peritoneal dialysis with and without manual daytime exchange: A randomized controlled trial
http://www.kidney-international.org & 2006 International Society of Nephrology original article Adequacy of automated peritoneal dialysis with and without manual daytime exchange: A randomized controlled
More informationEffect of Peritoneal Dialysis Modality on the 1-Year Rate of Decline of Residual Renal Function
Original Article http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2014.55.1.141 pissn: 0513-5796, eissn: 1976-2437 Yonsei Med J 55(1):141-148, 2014 Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis Modality on the 1-Year Rate of Decline of
More informationOriginal Article Effect of diuretic and ultrafiltration on edema and renal residual function in peritoneal dialysis patients
Int J Clin Exp Med 2017;10(2):3321-3328 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0045534 Original Article Effect of diuretic and ultrafiltration on edema and renal residual function in peritoneal dialysis patients
More informationThe dilemma in pursuing dialysis in developing
Proceedings of the ISPD 2001 The IXth Congress of the ISPD June 26 29, 2001, Montréal, Canada Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 21 (2001), Supplement 3 0896-8608/01 $3.00 +.00 Copyright 2001 International
More informationKidney Disease. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring dialysis. The F.P. s Role in the Management of Chronic. Stages
Focus on CME at McMaster University The F.P. s Role in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease By David N. Churchill, MD, FRCPC, FACP Presented at McMaster University CME Half-Day in Nephrology for Family
More informationPredictive Factors for Withdrawal from Peritoneal Dialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study at Two Centers in Japan
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 33, 2017 Yasuhiro Taki, 1 Tsutomu Sakurada, 2 Kenichiro Koitabashi, 2 Naohiko Imai, 1 Yugo Shibagaki 2 Predictive Factors for Withdrawal from Peritoneal Dialysis:
More informationDe Novo Hypokalemia in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis
Original investigation 73 1) De Novo Hypokalemia in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A 1-Year Observational Study Ji Yong Jung, M.D., Jae Hyun Chang, M.D., Hyun Hee Lee, M.D., Wookyung Chung, M.D.
More informationMorbidity & Mortality from Chronic Kidney Disease
Morbidity & Mortality from Chronic Kidney Disease Dr. Lam Man-Fai ( 林萬斐醫生 ) Honorary Clinical Assistant Professor MBBS, MRCP, FHKCP, FHKAM, PDipID (HK), FRCP (Edin, Glasg) Hong Kong Renal Registry Report
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment. Other criteria for starting dialysis GUIDELINES
Date written: September 2004 Final submission: February 2005 Other criteria for starting dialysis GUIDELINES No recommendations possible based on Level I or II evidence SUGGESTIONS FOR CLINICAL CARE (Suggestions
More informationYou can sleep while I dialyze
You can sleep while I dialyze Nocturnal Peritoneal Dialysis Dr. Suneet Singh Medical Director, PD, VGH Division of Nephrology University of British Columbia Acknowledgements Melissa Etheridge You can sleep
More informationProceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress WSAVA 2009
www.ivis.org Proceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress WSAVA 2009 São Paulo, Brazil - 2009 Next WSAVA Congress : Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers PROTEINURIA
More informationThe Intact Nephron Hypothesis in Reverse: An Argument In Favor of Incremental Initiation Of Dialysis (With Residual Kidney Function)
The Intact Nephron Hypothesis in Reverse: An Argument In Favor of Incremental Initiation Of Dialysis (With Residual Kidney Function) Thomas A. Golper MD, FACP, FASN Vanderbilt University Medical Center
More informationDIABETES AND YOUR KIDNEYS
DIABETES AND YOUR KIDNEYS OR AS WE CALL IT DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY The latest guidelines to keep you safe, healthy, fit, and out of danger from needing dialysis A UCLA HEALTH EDUCATIONAL SEMINAR Ramy M. Hanna
More informationLLL Session - Nutritional support in renal disease
ESPEN Congress Leipzig 2013 LLL Session - Nutritional support in renal disease Peritoneal dialysis D. Teta (CH) Nutrition Support in Patients undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Congress ESPEN, Leipzig
More informationClinical Practice Guidelines : 3b - Peritoneal Dialysis. UK Renal Association Clinical Practice Guidelines 5th Edition 2007
Clinical Practice Guidelines : 3b - Peritoneal Dialysis UK Renal Association Clinical Practice Guidelines 5th Edition 2007 Prof Simon Davies Department of Nephrology University Hospital of North Staffordshire
More informationJ Am Soc Nephrol 12: , 2001
J Am Soc Nephrol 12: 2450 2457, 2001 Independent Effects of Residual Renal Function and Dialysis Adequacy on Actual Dietary Protein, Calorie, and Other Nutrient Intake in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory
More information신장환자의혈압조절 나기영. Factors involved in the regulation of blood pressure
신장환자의혈압조절 K/DOQI Clinical practice guidelines on Hypertension and Antihypertensive agents in CKD 나기영 Factors involved in the regulation of blood pressure Renal function curve MAP (mmhg) Central role of
More informationTime trends in initiation and dose of dialysis in end-stage renal disease patients in The Netherlands
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2003) 18: 552 558 Original Article Time trends in initiation and dose of dialysis in end-stage renal disease patients in The Netherlands Fabian Termorshuizen 1, Johanna C. Korevaar
More informationBenefits of preserving residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis
http://www.kidney-international.org & 2008 International Society of Nephrology Benefits of preserving residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis B Marrón 1, C Remón 2,MPérez-Fontán 3, P Quirós 4 and
More informationSmart APD prescription. Prof. Wai Kei Lo Tung Wah Hospital The University of Hong Kong
Smart APD prescription Prof. Wai Kei Lo Tung Wah Hospital The University of Hong Kong Costing Comparison of Different Modes of RRT in Hong Kong in 2011 (Per Year) HK$300,000 HK$250,000 HK$200,000 HK$150,000
More informationHypertension and diabetic nephropathy
Hypertension and diabetic nephropathy Elisabeth R. Mathiesen Professor, Chief Physician, Dr sci Dep. Of Endocrinology Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Denmark Hypertension Brain Eye Heart Kidney
More informationIntermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) has occasionally
Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 32, pp. 142 148 doi: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00027 0896-8608/12 $3.00 +.00 Copyright 2012 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis INTERMITTENT PERITONEAL DIALYSIS:
More informationWHEN (AND WHEN NOT) TO START DIALYSIS. Shahid Chandna, Ken Farrington
WHEN (AND WHEN NOT) TO START DIALYSIS Shahid Chandna, Ken Farrington Changing Perspectives Beta blockers 1980s Contraindicated in heart failure Now mainstay of therapy HRT 1990s must Now only if you have
More informationDISCLOSURES OUTLINE OUTLINE 9/29/2014 ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE DISCLOSURES Editor-in-Chief- Nephrology- UpToDate- (Wolters Klewer) Richard J. Glassock, MD, MACP Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 1 st Annual Internal
More informationConcern about the decreasing use of peritoneal dialysis
Page 1 of 8 Peritoneal Dialysis International Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 30, pp. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2008.00277 0896-8608/10 $3.00 +.00 Copyright 2010 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
More informationRole of Chronic Use of Tolvaptan in Patients with Heart Failure Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 32, 2016 Takefumi Mori, 1,2 Naho Kurasawa, 1 Yusuke Ohsaki, 3 Kenji Koizumi, 1 Shinichi Sato, 1,2 Ikuko Oba-Yabana, 1,2 Satoshi Shimada, 1 Emiko Sato, 1 Eri Naganuma,
More informationMethods. Original Article. Abstract
Original Article Influence of Peritoneal Transport Characteristics on Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcome in Chinese Diabetic Nephropathy Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis Ji Chao Guan 1,2, Wei Bian
More informationObesity predicts long survival in patients on hemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 22, pp. 506 512 Printed in Canada. All rights reserved. 0896-8608/02 $3.00 +.00 Copyright 2002 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis NUTRITION INDICES IN
More informationNo increase in small-solute transport in peritoneal dialysis patients treated without hypertonic glucose for fifty-four months
Pagniez et al. BMC Nephrology (2017) 18:278 DOI 10.1186/s12882-017-0690-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE No increase in small-solute transport in peritoneal dialysis patients treated without hypertonic glucose for fifty-four
More informationDrug Use in Dialysis
(Last Updated: 08/22/2018) Created by: Socco, Samantha Drug Use in Dialysis Drambarean, B. (2017). Drug Use in Dialysis. Lecture presented at PHAR 503 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago. DIALYSIS
More informationQUICK REFERENCE FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
KEY MESSAGES 1 SCREENING CRITERIA Screen: Patients with DM and/or hypertension at least yearly. Consider screening patients with: Age >65 years old Family history of stage 5 CKD or hereditary kidney disease
More informationPredictive Value of Dialysate Cell Counts in Peritonitis Complicating Peritoneal Dialysis
Predictive Value of Dialysate Cell Counts in Peritonitis Complicating Peritoneal Dialysis Kai Ming Chow,* Cheuk Chun Szeto,* Kitty Kit-Ting Cheung,* Chi Bon Leung,* Sunny Sze-Ho Wong, Man Ching Law,* Yiu
More informationIrish Practice Nurses Association Annual Conference Tullamore Court Hotel OCTOBER 6 th 2012
Irish Practice Nurses Association Annual Conference Tullamore Court Hotel OCTOBER 6 th 2012 Susan McKenna Renal Clinical Nurse Specialist Cavan General Hospital Renal patient population ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript Transplant Proc. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 July 14.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Transplant Proc. 1990 February ; 22(1): 17 20. The Effects of FK 506 on Renal Function After Liver Transplantation J. McCauley, J.
More informationThe incidence and prevalence of ESRD continues to increase
In-Depth Review Strategies for Improving Long-Term Survival in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Jessica Kendrick and Isaac Teitelbaum University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Division of Renal
More informationBrief communication (Original)
Asian Biomedicine Vol. 8 No. 1 February 2014; 67-73 DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0801.263 Brief communication (Original) Long-term clinical effects of treatment by daytime ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with
More informationIncremental Hemodialysis
The 25 th Budapest Nephrology School, 2018 Incremental Hemodialysis a story about Hemodialysis and the Residual Kidney Function - a fairy tale? Csaba Ambrus Szent Imre Teaching Hospital, Div. of Nephrology-Hypertension
More informationAnalysis of Factors Causing Hyperkalemia
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Analysis of Factors Causing Hyperkalemia Kenmei Takaichi 1, Fumi Takemoto 1, Yoshifumi Ubara 1 and Yasumichi Mori 2 Abstract Objective Patients with impaired renal function or diabetes
More informationManagement of early chronic kidney disease
Management of early chronic kidney disease GREENLANE SUMMER GP SYMPOSIUM 2018 Jonathan Hsiao Renal and General Physician Introduction A growing public health problem in NZ and throughout the world. Unknown
More informationYounger adults with a family history of premature artherosclerotic disease should have their cardiovascular risk factors measured.
Appendix 2A - Guidance on Management of Hypertension Measurement of blood pressure All adults from 40 years should have blood pressure measured as part of opportunistic cardiovascular risk assessment.
More informationDiabetes and Hypertension
Diabetes and Hypertension M.Nakhjvani,M.D Tehran University of Medical Sciences 20-8-96 Hypertension Common DM comorbidity Prevalence depends on diabetes type, age, BMI, ethnicity Major risk factor for
More informationHome Dialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis. Home Hemodialysis
Home Dialysis The information provided is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. A licensed healthcare professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and
More informationPeritoneal water transport characteristics of diabetic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: a longitudinal study
American Journal of Nephrology. 2017; 46(1): 47-54 Peritoneal water transport characteristics of diabetic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: a longitudinal study Ana Fernandes, a Roi Ribera-Sanchez,b
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment. Specific effects of calcium channel blockers in diabetic nephropathy GUIDELINES
Specific effects of calcium channel blockers in diabetic nephropathy Date written: September 2004 Final submission: September 2005 Author: Kathy Nicholls GUIDELINES a. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel
More informationCKD FOR INTERNISTS. Dr Ahmed Hossain Associate professor Medicine Sir Salimullah Medical College
CKD FOR INTERNISTS Dr Ahmed Hossain Associate professor Medicine Sir Salimullah Medical College INTRODUCTION In 2002, the National Kidney Foundation s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative(KDOQI)
More information