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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type A Acute coronary syndrome, perioperative oxygen in, Acute lung injury (ALI). See Lung injury and Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), perioperative, pathophysiology of, diagnostic criteria, 574 differential diagnosis of ALI, 579 endothelial and epithelial injury in ARDS, imaging findings, mechanical ventilation and ALI, phases of ALI/ARDS, coagulopathy, 583 cytokines, 581 edema, 580 exudative, physiology, 584 proliferative, 584 pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary ARDS, resolution, 584 surfactant, 581 translation into the operating room, Alveolar-capillary permeability, fluid management to prevent increases in, Analgosedation, in therapy for acute lung injury, 635 Anesthetic agents, volatile, role in perioperative lung protection, Aneurysm, transesophageal echocardiography for interrogation of thoracic in, 665 Aorta, transesophageal echocardiography for interrogation of thoracic, Atelectasis, perioperative oxygen toxicity and, Atherosclerosis, transesophageal echocardiography for interrogation of thoracic in, B Breathing, spontaneous, in therapy for acute lung injury, 635 Bronchodilation, perioperative therapy to decrease lung injury on COPD with, Bronchoscopy, tracheal resection and stenosis, C Capillary hydrostatic pressure, fluid restriction to prevent acute lung injury, 646 Cardiac arrest, perioperative oxygen in care after, Cardiac evaluation, intraoperative during thoracic surgery with transesophageal echocardiography, Anesthesiology Clin 30 (2012) anesthesiology.theclinics.com /12/$ see front matter ª 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 786 Index Cardiac surgery pulmonary pathophysiology and lung mechanics in, effects on gas exchange, effects on respiratory mechanics, in patients with COPD, inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass, 769 lung histology after cardiopulmonary bypass, 768 lung management during cardiopulmonary bypass, mechanical ventilation during, preoxygenation and induction of anesthesia, 766 Cardiopulmonary bypass, strategies for lung protection during, 617 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, perioperative oxygen and, Carotid endarterectomy, perioperative hyperoxia during, 596 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbations due to perioperative hyperoxia, lung resection in a patient with, lung isolation methods, physiology, and mechanics, modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, modulation of lung isolation methods, physiology, and mechanics, regional thoracic anesthesia and lung mechanics, 765 risk stratification and prediction of postoperative function, perioperative lung protection in patients with, bullae, 610 dynamic hyperinflation, 610 nocturnal hypoxemia, 611 respiratory drive, 611 right ventricular dysfunction, 611 therapy to decrease lung injury, bronchodilation, physiotherapy, 611 smoking cessation, 611 Coagulopathy, in ARDS and ALI, 583 Colloid infusion, increasing oncotic pressure to prevent acute lung injury, Computed tomography (CT), findings in ARDS and ALI, 578 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), managing hypoxemia during thoracoscopy, D Dissection, transesophageal echocardiography for interrogation of thoracic in, 665 Double-lumen tube, how to choose, conundrum of size, left versus right, E Echocardiography, transesophageal. See Transesophageal echocardiography. Edema, in ARDS and ALI, 580 Endotracheal intubation, tracheal resection and stenosis, Esophageal cancer, esophageal resection for, Esophageal resection, anesthetic management for,

3 Index 787 anastomotic leak, cardiac arrhythmias, 739 esophagogastric anastomosis and gastric conduit perfusion, intraoperative fluid management, nutrition and gastrointestinal function, 740 other intrathoracic complications, pulmonary morbidity, 733 thoracic epidural analgesia, 734 vasopressor therapy, venous thromboembolism, ventilatory management, Esophagogastrectomy, robotic assisted Ivor Lewis procedure, 702 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in therapy for acute lung injury, cannulation, 632 complications associated with, 633 indications, 631 technical aspects, 632 ventilator settings during veno-venous, 632 weaning, 633 transesophageal echocardiography in initiation of, F Fluid management, in perioperative lung protection strategies, in thoracic surgery, avoiding acute lung injury, increasing oncotic pressure by colloid infusion, preventing increases in alveolar-capillary permeability, reducing capillary hydrostatic pressure with fluid restriction, 646 fluid balance in perioperative period, heart and, 650 individualized goal-directed, kidneys and, G Gene therapy, potential for, in ARDS and ALI, Glycocalyx, in perioperative lung protection strategies, H Heart, fluid management in thoracic surgery and, 650 Heart evaluation, intraoperative during thoracic surgery with transesophageal echocardiography, High-frequency jet ventilation, managing hypoxemia during thoracoscopy, 693 Hyperoxia, perioperative, clinical effects of, acute coronary syndrome management, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, COPD exacerbations, post-cardic arrest care,

4 788 Index Hyperoxia (continued ) stroke and transient ischemic attack management, 600 physiologic effects of, impaired HPV, 597 respiratory control, 597 V/Q relationships, 597 vascular effects, reasons for, anxiolysis for anesthetists, 595 carotid endarterectomy, 596 one-lung ventilation, postoperative nausea and vomiting, 596 surgical site infection, 596 Hypertension, transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis of acute pulmonary, 662 Hypoxemia, management during minimally invasive thoracic surgery, advanced interventions, with no impact on exposure, with potential impact on exposure, during one-lung ventilation, predictors for, 685 identify and treat common causes of, 688 preventive measures to avoid, risk of hypoxia, 693 thoracoscopy, treatment during thoracoscopy, I Imaging, findings in ARDS and ALI, Infection, surgical site, and perioperative hyperoxia, 596 Inflammation, in perioperative lung protection strategies, Interventional lung assist, for therapy for acute lung injury, indications, technical aspects, 634 weaning from, 634 Isolation, lung, how to choose the double-lumen tube for, Ivor Lewis esophagogastrectomy, robotic assisted, 702 K Kidney injury, acute, fluid management during thoracic surgery to prevent, L Lobectomy, robotic assisted, Lung cancer, lung resection in a patient with COPD, lung isolation methods, physiology, and mechanics, modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, modulation of lung isolation methods, physiology, and mechanics, regional thoracic anesthesia and lung mechanics, 765 risk stratification and prediction of postoperative function,

5 Lung injury, advances in therapy for acute, analgosedation, 635 complications associated with ECMO, 633 ECMO cannulation, 632 extracorporeal lung support, 631 indications for ECMO, 631 interventional lung assist, spontaneous breathing, 635 technical aspects of ECMO, 632 ventilator settings during veno-venous ECMO, 632 ventilator-induced lung injury, weaning ECMO, 633 perioperative, pathophysiology of, diagnostic criteria, 574 differential diagnosis of ALI, 579 endothelial and epithelial injury in ARDS, imaging findings, mechanical ventilation and ALI, phases of ALI/ARDS, coagulopathy, 583 cytokines, 581 edema, 580 exudative, physiology, 584 proliferative, 584 pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary ARDS, resolution, 584 surfactant, 581 transfusion-related, strategies for protection against, translation into the operating room, ventilator-induced, 609, strategies of fluid management to avoid acute perioperative, increasing oncotic pressure by colloid infusion, preventing increases in alveolar-capillary permeability, reducing capillary hydrostatic pressure with fluid restriction, 646 Lung isolation, how to choose the double-lumen tube for, Lung protection strategies, in cardiothoracic anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass, 617 fluids, inflammation, and the glycocalyx, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mechanical ventilation, one-lung ventilation, other therapies for, perioperative surgical environment factors, role of volatile anesthetic agents in, transfusion-related lung injury, ultraprotective lung ventilation, ventilator-induced lung injury, 609 Lung resection surgery, transesophageal echocardiography in, Lung transplantation, transesophageal echocardiography in, Index 789

6 790 Index M Mechanical ventilation, and acute lung injury, lung protection in cardiothoracic surgery, Mediastinal mass, anterior, in a pregnant patient, anesthetic management, airway evaluation, cardiovascular evaluation, case summary, perioperative management, symptoms, Monitoring, with transesophageal echocardiography in noncardiac thoracic surgery, N Nausea, postoperative, perioperative hyperoxia in prevention of, 596 O Oncotic pressure, colloid infusion to prevent acute lung injury, One-lung ventilation, managing hypoxemia during, perioperative lung protection strategies during, Oxygen toxicity, perioperative, clinical effects of hyperoxia, acute coronary syndrome management, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, COPD exacerbations, post-cardic arrest care, stroke and transient ischemic attack management, 600 direct toxic effects, indirect adverse effects, physiologic effects of hyperoxia, impaired HPV, 597 respiratory control, 597 V/Q relationships, 597 vascular effects, reasons for hyperoxia, anxiolysis for anesthetists, 595 carotid endarterectomy, 596 one-lung ventilation, postoperative nausea and vomiting, 596 surgical site infection, 596 P Pathophysiology, of perioperative lung injury, diagnostic criteria, 574 differential diagnosis of ALI, 579 endothelial and epithelial injury in ARDS, imaging findings, mechanical ventilation and ALI, phases of ALI/ARDS, coagulopathy, 583

7 Index 791 cytokines, 581 edema, 580 exudative, physiology, 584 proliferative, 584 pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary ARDS, resolution, 584 surfactant, 581 translation into the operating room, pulmonary, and lung mechanics in anesthesiology, in cardiac surgery patients, lung resection in patient with COPD, Physiotherapy, perioperative therapy to decrease lung injury on COPD with, 611 Pneumonectomy, transesophageal echocardiography in, Positron emission tomography, findings in ARDS and ALI, 579 Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), perioperative hyperoxia in prevention of, 596 Pregnancy, anterior mediastinal mass during, anesthetic management, airway evaluation, cardiovascular evaluation, case summary, perioperative management, symptoms, Pulmonary hypertension, transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis of acute, 662 Pulmonary pathophysiology, and lung mechanics in anesthesiology, in cardiac surgery patients, lung resection in patient with COPD, R Radiographs, chest, findings in ARDS and ALI, 578 Reconstruction, tracheal. See Tracheal resection and reconstruction. Resection, tracheal. See Tracheal resection. Respiratory control, effects of perioperative hyperoxia on, 597 Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery, anesthesia for, bladder catheterization, 706 drawbacks to, emergency planning, 706 operative approaches for, patient immobility, 705 positioning neuropathy, 705 prophylaxis considerations, single-lung ventilation, 706 temperature management, 706 venous return impairment, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, S Smoking cessation, perioperative therapy to decrease lung injury on COPD with, 611 Spontaneous breathing, in therapy for acute lung injury, 635

8 792 Index Stem cells, in potential therapy ARDS and ALI, 585 Stenosis, tracheal resection and stenosis for, Stroke, perioperative oxygen and, 600 Surfactant, in ARDS and ALI, 581 T Thoracic anesthesia, acute lung injury, advances in therapy for, analgosedation, 635 complications associated with ECMO, 633 ECMO cannulation, 632 extracorporeal lung support, 631 indications for ECMO, 631 interventional lung assist, spontaneous breathing, 635 technical aspects of ECMO, 632 ventilator settings during veno-venous ECMO, 632 ventilator-induced lung injury, weaning ECMO, 633 choosing double-lumen tube, conundrum of size, left versus right, current monitoring practices in, fluid management, avoiding acute lung injury, fluid balance in perioperative period, heart and, 650 individualized goal-directed, kidneys and, for esophageal resection, for pregnant patients with anterior mediastinal mass, for robotic-assisted thoracic surgery, for tracheal resection and reconstruction, for transesophageal echocardiography, hypoxemia during minimally invasive thoracic surgery, advanced interventions, with no impact on exposure, with potential impact on exposure, during one-lung ventilation, predictors for, 685 identify and treat common causes of, 688 preventive measures to avoid, risk of hypoxia, 693 thoracoscopy, treatment during thoracoscopy, lung protection strategies in, cardiopulmonary bypass, 617 fluids, inflammation, and the glycocalyx, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mechanical ventilation, one-lung ventilation, other therapies for,

9 perioperative surgical environment factors, role of volatile anesthetic agents in, transfusion-related lung injury, ultraprotective lung ventilation, ventilator-induced lung injury, 609 pathophysiology of perioperative lung injury, diagnostic criteria, 574 differential diagnosis of ALI, 579 endothelial and epithelial injury in ARDS, imaging findings, mechanical ventilation and ALI, phases of ALI/ARDS, translation into the operating room, perioperative oxygen toxicity, clinical effects of hyperoxia, direct toxic effects, indirect adverse effects, physiologic effects of hyperoxia, reasons for hyperoxia, pulmonary pathophysiology and lung mechanics in, Thoracic aorta, transesophageal echocardiography for interrogation of, Thoracic artery, transesophageal echocardiography in surgery of, 664 Thoracoscopy, managing hypoxemia during, robotic-assisted, Thymectomy, approach for robotic-assisted, 702 Tracheal resection and reconstruction, anesthesia for, anatomy and physiology, complications, hemoptysis, 723 postextubation respiratory failure, recurrent aspiration, 724 vocal cord paralysis, 723 departures from the basic case, alternative ventilation strategies, 725 carinal resection, induction and intubation of critically obstructed airway, intraoperative managment, emergence and extubation, induction of anesthesia, intravenous access and monitors, 715 operating room setup, patient positioning, 715 surgical procedure, postoperative care, 721 preoperative evaluation, clinical evaluation, coexisting medical conditions, 714 imaging studies, 714 surgical indications, postintubation tracheal stenosis, 712 primary tracheal tumors, 713 Index 793

10 794 Index Transesophageal echocardiography, in noncardiac surgery, for initiation of ECMO, for interrogation of the thoracic aorta during thoracic surgery, for intraoperative right heart evaluation during thoracic surgery, in acute pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, 662 in lung resection surgery and pneumonectomy, in lung transplantation, in thoracic aortic surgery, 664 Transfusion-related lung injury, strategies for protection against, Transient ischemic attack, perioperative oxygen and, 600 Tube, double-lumen. See Double-lumen tube. Tumors, tracheal, tracheal resection and stenosis for, U Ultraprotective lung ventilation, strategies for perioperative lung protection, Ultrasound, findings in ARDS and ALI, V V/Q ratios, effects of perioperative hyperoxia on, 597 Vascular effects, of perioperative hyperoxia, Vasoconstrictors, in management of hypoxemia during thoracoscopy, Vasodilators, in management of hypoxemia during thoracoscopy, Ventilation, managing hypoxemia during thoracoscopy, mechanical, and acute lung injury, mechanical, lung protection in cardiothoracic surgery, one lung, perioperative lung protection strategies during, ultraprotective, for perioperative lung protection, Ventilator-induced lung injury, advances in therapy for, in cardiothoracic anesthesia, 609 Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, Volatile anesthetic agents, role in perioperative lung protection, Vomiting, postoperative, perioperative hyperoxia in prevention of, 596

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