INTOXICAŢIA ACUTĂ GRAVĂ CU PROPAFENONĂ ABORDARE DIAGNOSTICĂ ŞI TERAPEUTICĂ

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "INTOXICAŢIA ACUTĂ GRAVĂ CU PROPAFENONĂ ABORDARE DIAGNOSTICĂ ŞI TERAPEUTICĂ"

Transcription

1 10 PREZENTĂRI DE CAZ INTOXICAŢIA ACUTĂ GRAVĂ CU PROPAFENONĂ ABORDARE DIAGNOSTICĂ ŞI TERAPEUTICĂ Asist. Univ. Dr. Cristina Iolanda Vivisenco, Prof. Dr. Coriolan Emil Ulmeanu Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă pentru Copii Grigore Alexandrescu, Bucureşti Catedra Pediatrie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Carol Davila, Bucureşti REZUMAT Propafenona este un medicament antiaritmic ce are ca mecanism principal de acţiune blocarea canalelor de sodiu din miocard. Ingestia unei doze toxice de propafenonă determină prin intermediul efectului stabilizator de membrană un tablou clinic deosebit de grav cu răsunet cardiovascular, neurologic şi metabolic, uneori cu potenţial letal. Autorii prezintă cazul unei paciente în vârstă de 13 ani internată pentru tulburare de conducere cardiacă, convulsii şi comă, după ce a ingerat voluntar o doză toxică de propafenonă. Pacienta a fost tratată cu succes cu bicarbonat de sodiu administrat intravenos şi măsuri suportive. Autorii menţionează şi cele mai noi informaţii din literatură privind abordarea terapeutică a intoxicaţiei cu propafenonă. Cuvinte cheie: propafenonă, intoxicaţie, copil, efect stabilizator de membrană INTRODUCERE Propafenona este un medicament antiaritmic blocant al canalelor de sodiu, aparţinând clasei IC Vaughan-Williams, cu efecte slabe β-blocante şi calciu-blocante. În prezent, propafenona este utilizată îndeosebi în tratamentul tahiaritmiilor supraventriculare, atât la adult, cât şi la copil. (1) Deşi propafenona este un medicament disponibil în multe ţări, inclusiv în România, în literatură sunt raportate puţine cazuri de intoxicaţie acută la vârstă pediatrică. PREZENTARE DE CAZ O pacientă în vârstă de 13 ani a fost transferată în spitalul nostru dintr-o altă unitate medicală pentru tulburare de ritm cardiac, hipotensiune arterială, comă şi convulsii. Cu 2 ore anterior prezentării în prima unitate medicală, pacienta a ingerat în scop suicid 13 comprimate conţinând 150 mg propafenonă (doza totală 1950 mg), medicamente ce aparţineau unui membru al familiei. Pacienta era somnolentă cu scor Glasgow 11 şi următorii parametri vitali: temperatură 36,3 C, frecvenţă respiratorie 20 R/ min, saturaţie arterială în oxigen măsurată prin pulsoximetrie (SaO2) 86%, alură ventriculară 61 bpm, tensiune arterială 70/40 mmhg. Pe traseul de electrocardiogramă (EKG) se constată alternanţă de ritm sinusal şi joncţional, cu alură ventriculară cuprinsă între 55 şi 70 bpm, lărgirea complexelor QRS ( ms), bloc atrioventricular (BAV) gradul I (intervalul pr măsoară ms în perioadele de ritm sinusal) şi alungirea intervalului QT (durata intervalului QT corectat (QTc) ms) (Figura 1). S-au efectuat următoarele gesturi tera peutice: lavaj gastric, administrare de cărbune activat pe sondă nazogastrică, montarea a două linii venoase periferice, una pentru perfuzie cu ser fi ziologic şi una pentru perfuzie cu dopamină 5 μg/kgc/ min. Starea de conştienţă a pacientei s-a alterat progresiv şi a prezentat un episod de convulsii tonicoclonice generalizate care a fost cupat prin administrare de diazepam intravenos. S-a decis intubarea orotraheală şi ventilarea mecanică. S-a luat legătura telefonic cu personalul medical din secţia Toxicologie-Te rapie Intensivă a spitalului nostru, care a recomandat administrarea unui bolus de bicarbonat de sodiu în doză de 1 mmol/kgc şi transferul urgent interspita licesc. Pacienta a ajuns Adresa de corespondenţă: Asist. Univ. Dr. Iolanda Cristina Vivisenco, Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă pentru Copii Grigore Alexandrescu, Bd. Iancu de Hunedoara nr , sector 1, Bucureşti iolanda.vivisenco@gmail.com 298 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXII, NR. 3, AN 2013

2 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXII, NR. 3, AN în Unitatea Primiri Urgenţe (UPU) a spitalului nostru la 5 ore după ingestie în stare critică, in conştientă, hipotonă, intubată orotra heal şi ven tilată mecanic, cu pupile midriatice, slab reactive, cianoză perioronazală şi a extremităţilor. Evaluarea funcţiilor vitale arăta: temperatură 36,4 C, frecvenţă respiratorie 14 R/min, SaO2 75%, alură ventriculară 74bpm, tensiune arterială 75/50 mmhg. EKG înregistrată la sosirea în UPU evidenţia ritm joncţional accelerat cu alură ventriculară 85 bpm, complex QRS larg (140 ms) şi interval QT lung (QTc 530 ms) (Figura 2). Analizele de laborator efectuate în UPU au arătat acidoză metabolică; pro bele renale, hepatice precum şi troponina I, creatin kinaza-mb şi peptidul natriuretic cerebral erau în limite normale (Tabelul 1). S-a efectuat examen to xicologic rapid al urinii, care nu a detectat barbiturice, amfetamine, cocaină, metamfetamine, ecstasy, opi a- cee, antidepresive triciclice sau marijuana. Testul a fost pozitiv pentru benzodiazepine, utilizate pen tru cuparea crizei de convulsii. Pacienta a fost internată în secţia de Terapie Intensivă unde s-a continuat administrarea de soluţii cristaloide (soluţie Ringer, ser fiziologic) şi dopamină 5 μg/kgc/min pentru corectarea hipotensiunii. S-a repetat administrarea de bicarbonat de sodiu 1 mmol/kgc în bolus. La 4 ore de la internare starea generală s-a ameliorat, coma s-a superficializat, iar parametrii hemodinamici erau în limite normale: alura ventriculară 90 bpm, tensiunea arterială 109/60 mmhg. Analizele de la borator au obiectivat dispariţia acidozei (Tabelul 1), iar traseul EKG era normal. La 6 ore de la internare pacienta era prezentă în mediu, respira spontan şi s-a decis detubarea. La 20 de ore de la internare a fost transferată în secţia Toxicologie cu stare generală ameliorată, echilibrată respirator şi cardiovascular (alură ventriculară 90 bpm, tensiune arterială 100/50 mmhg). Pacienta a fost evaluată psihologic, primind recomandarea de a urma consiliere psihiatrică în ambulator. În ziua 5, parametrii biologici, EKG şi examenul ecocardiografic erau în limite normale, pacienta fiind externată în stare bună, fără sechele. DISCUŢII Propafenona, similar celorlalţi agenţi farmacologici din clasa I Vaughan-Williams, acţionează la nivelul miocardului prin blocarea canalelor de sodiu, interferând astfel cu faza 0 a potenţialului de FIGURA 1. Ritm sinusal alternând cu ritm joncţional, BAV gradul I, complexe QRS largi şi interval QT lung

3 300 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXII, NR. 3, AN 2013 FIGURA 2. Ritm joncţional accelerat cu complexe QRS largi şi interval QT lung TABELUL 1. Analize de laborator Interval de referinţă La internare La 4 ore de la internare La 24 de la internare ph 7,35-7,45 7,17 7,50 7,43 Exces de baze (mmol/l) ,5 3,5 1,5 Bicarbonat (mmol/l) Uree (mg/dl) Creatinină (mg/dl) 0,5-1, ,6 0,6 ALT (U/L) AST(U/L) CK-MB (ng/ml) 0-4, Troponina-I (ng/ml) 0-0,4 0, BNP(pg/ml) ,9 - - Sodiu (mmol/l) Potasiu (mmol/l) 3,5-5, ,5 3.0 Clor (mmol/l) ALT alanin aminotransferaza; AST aspartat aminotransferaza; CK-MB creatinkinaza-mb (miocardică); BNP peptidul natriuretic cerebral ac ţiune. Acest mecanism este cunoscut în literatură ca efect chinidin-like, efect stabilizator de membrană sau efect anestezic local. (2) Spre deosebire de medi camentele antiaritmice din clasele IA şi IB, propafenona nu influenţează durata potenţialului de acţiune şi nici faza de repolarizare. (2,3) În plus, propafenona are şi efecte slabe β-blocante şi calciublocante. (1,4) Intoxicaţia cu propafenonă a fost raportată în literatură în cazul ingestiei unor doze de mg. Nivelul seric terapeutic este ng/ml, în timp ce nivelul seric toxic este ng/ml. (4) În cazul pacientei noastre, cunoşteam doza ingerată pe baza anamnezei, dar nu am avut posibilitatea de a doza nivelul seric de propafenonă. Ingestia unei doze toxice de propafenonă afectează funcţia de conducere intracardiacă, ceea ce se traduce prin modificările traseului EKG: lărgirea complexului QRS, aplatizarea undelor T, alungirea intervalului pr şi a intervalului QTc. Aceste modificări pot precipita aritmii ventriculare grave (tahicardie ventriculară, torsada vârfurilor, fibrilaţie ven triculară) şi preced şocul cardiogenic şi stopul cardiac. (3,4,5) Coma şi convulsiile complică tabloul clinic al intoxicaţiei cu propafenonă. Nu este complet cunoscut mecanismul prin care propafenona produce afectare neurologică. Aceasta ar putea fi explicată prin hipotensiunea arterială ce apare secundar tulburării de conducere intracardiacă, cauzând hipoperfuzie cerebrală. Hipoxia şi acidoza secundare convulsiilor pot agrava manifestările cardiotoxice. (3,4,6,7) Pacienta noastră a prezentat un unic episod de convulsii tonicoclonice generalizate ce a fost cupat prin administrare de diazepam. Rar, în tabloul clinic al intoxicaţiei cu propafenonă au fost semnalate hemoliză, agranulocitoză, ataxie, afectare hepatică şi pulmonară. (6,8) Nu am

4 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXII, NR. 3, AN observat nici unul din aceste efecte în cazul prezentat. Nu există antidot specific în intoxicaţia cu propafenonă, măsurile suportive fiind prioritare: securizarea căilor aeriene, obţinerea unei linii venoase şi monitorizarea activităţii electrice cardiace. (2) Decontaminarea gastrointestinală prin lavaj gastric şi administrare de cărbune activat va fi luată în considerare în prima oră de la ingestie, doar dacă pacientul este asimptomatic, altfel existând risc de aspiraţie. (8,9) În cazul nostru, s-a efectuat lavaj gastric şi s-a administrat cărbune activat în momentul prezentării în prima unitate medicală, la 2 ore de la ingestie. Creşterea eliminării toxicului prin măsuri de epurare extrarenală este inutilă, deoarece pro pafenona are un volum mare de distribuţie şi se leagă puternic de proteinele plasmatice. (2,3) Administrarea de bicarbonat de sodiu este indicată dacă se constată lărgirea complexului QRS pe EKG, prezenţa tulburărilor de ritm sau de conducere şi/sau a hipotensiunii arteriale. Bolusuri de 1-2 mmol/kgc vor fi administrate repetat, până când pacientul devine stabil hemodinamic, cu dispariţia aritmiei şi a convulsiilor. Valoarea ţintă a ph-ului seric este 7,50-7,55. Alcalinizarea favorizează pasajul transmembranar al sodiului, contracarând efectul stabilizator de membrană al toxicului (2,3) Pacienta noastră a necesitat administrarea a 2 bolusuri de 1 mmol/kgc bicarbonat de sodiu, ulterior constatându-se ameliorarea tabloului clinic şi normalizarea traseului EKG. Hipotensiunea arterială care nu răspunde la perfuzarea iniţială de soluţii cristaloide beneficiază de administrarea de catecolamine intravenos. Instalarea şocului cardiogenic necesită măsuri suplimentare, invazive: balon de contrapulsaţie intraaortic sau asistenţă circulatorie periferică (bypass cardiopulmonar). (2,3) În cazul nostru, hipotensiunea s-a corectat cu perfuzie cu ser fiziologic şi soluţie Ringer şi perfuzie cu dopamină. În literatură sunt raportate mai multe tentative experimentale de tratament în intoxicaţia cu pro pafenonă. Perfuzia cu emulsii lipidice a fost propusă în cazurile refractare de intoxicaţie gravă cu medicamente liposolubile cu efect stabilizator de membrană. (3) Utilizarea acestora în intoxicaţia cu propafenonă a fost deja raportată, studii suplimentare fiind necesare pentru a stabili eficacitatea emulsiilor lipidice. (10,11) Datorită efectului β-blocant al propafenonei, s-a încercat utilizarea glucagonului, cunoscut antidot al intoxicaţiei cu medicamente antagoniste ale receptorilor β-adrenergici. (12,13) Efi - cacitatea administrării unor doze mari de insulină concomitent cu o perfuzie cu glucoză a fost demonstrată pentru intoxicaţia cu agenţi β-blocanţi şi blocanţi ai canalelor de calciu. Asemănarea de structură dintre propafenonă şi aceşti agenţi poate reprezenta un argument pentru utilizarea acestei terapii în intoxicaţia cu propafenonă. (8) CONCLUZII Intoxicaţia cu propafenonă, deşi rar raportată în literatură la vârstă pediatrică, este o situaţie gravă, ameninţătoare de viaţă. Diagnosticul precoce, monitorizarea cardiacă şi măsurile suportive sunt paşi esenţiali în gestionarea acestei intoxicaţii. În lipsa unui tratament specific, administrarea de bicarbonat de sodiu şi-a demonstrat eficacitatea în ameliorarea tulburărilor de conducere şi ritm cardiac, care semnează gravitatea intoxicaţiei. Menţiune: Această lucrare este efectuată în cadrul Programului Operaţional Sectorial pentru Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane (POSDRU) , fi nanţat din Fondul Social European şi Guvernul României prin contractul nr. POSDRU/107/1.5/S/82839.

5 302 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXII, NR. 3, AN 2013 Severe acute propafenone poisoning diagnosis and therapeutic approaches Cristina Iolanda Vivisenco, Coriolan Emil Ulmeanu Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Children s Hospital, Bucharest Pediatrics Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest ABSTRACT Propafenone is an antiarrhythmic drug which blocks myocardial sodium channels as the main mechanism of action. Ingestion of a toxic dose of propafenone induces through the membrane stabilizing effect a clinical presentation with cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic expression, sometimes life-threatening. The authors present the case of a 13 year old female patient admitted for cardiac conduction abnormalities, seizures and coma after intentional ingestion of a toxic dose of propafenone. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy and supportive measures. The authors mention also the latest information from the literature regarding the management of propafenone poisoning. Key words: propafenone, poisoning, child, membrane stabilizing effect INTRODUCTION Propafenone is a sodium channel-blocking antiarrhythmic drug, belonging to Vaughan-Williams class IC, with a weak β- and calcium channelblocking effect. Currently, propafenone is used mainly in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, in both adults and children. (1) Although propafenone is a medicine available in many countries, including Romania, few cases of acute poisoning in pediatric age group are reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 13 year old female patient was transferred to our hospital from another medical facility for dysrhythmia, hypotension, coma and seizures. 2 hours prior to her presentation in the first medical facility, the patient ingested 13 tablets containing propafenone 150 mg (total dose 1950 mg) in a suicide attempt, drugs belonging to a family member. The patient was drowsy with Glasgow coma score of 11 and the following vital parameters: temperature 36.3 C, respiratory rate 20 R/min, arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SaO2) 86%, heart rate 61 bpm, blood pressure 70/40 mmhg. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus rhythm alternating with junctional rhythm and heart rate between 55 and 70 bpm, QRS complexes widening ( ms), 1 st degree atrioventricular (AV) block (PR interval measures ms in the periods of sinus rhythm) and QT interval prolongation (corrected QT interval (QTc) duration ms) (Figure 1). The following therapeutic gestures were performed: gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal via nasogastric tube, placement of two peripheral venous lines, one for normal saline infusion and one for dopamine infusion 5 μg/kg/ min. The patient had progressive impairment of consciousness and a generalized tonic-clonic seizure that was stopped with intravenous diazepam. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were decided. A telephone call was made to get in contact with the medical staff from the Toxicology-Intensive Care Department of our hospital, which recommended one bolus of intravenous sodium bicarbonate 1mmol/kg and urgent interhospital transfer. The patient arrived in our hospital emergency unit (EU) 5 hours after ingestion in critical condition, unconscious, hypotonic, intubated and mechanically ventilated, with mydriatic and minimally reactive pupils, perioral and limbs cyanosis. Assessment of vital functions showed: temperature 36.4 C, respiratory rate 14 R/min, SaO2 75%, heart rate 74 bpm, blood pressure 75/50 mmhg. The ECG recorded on arrival in EU highlighted accelerated junctional rhythm with heart rate 85bpm, wide QRS complex (140 ms) and long QT interval (QTc 530 ms) (Figure 2). Laboratory tests performed in EU showed metabolic acidosis; kidney and liver function tests were within normal ranges, so were troponin I, creatine kinase MB and brain natriuretic peptide (Table 1). The urine toxicology screening did not detect barbiturates, amphetamines, cocaine, methamphetamines, ecstasy, opiates, tricyclic antidepressants or marijuana. The test was positive for benzodiazepines, used to stop the seizures. The pa-

6 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXII, NR. 3, AN tient was admitted in the Intensive Care Unit where the administration of crystalloid solutions (Ringer s solution, normal saline) and dopamine 5μg/kg/ min was continued to correct hypotension. A bolus of sodium bicarbonate 1 mmol/kg was repeated. 4 hours after admission, the general condition improved, coma became superficial and hemodynamic parameters were in the normal ranges: heart rate 90bpm, blood pressure 109/60 mmhg. The laboratory tests objectified the resolution of acidosis (Table 1), and the ECG was normal. 6 hours after admission, the patient was conscious and spontaneously breathing, so she was extubated. 20 hours after admission she was transferred to the Toxicology Department in fair condition, with balanced respiratory and cardiovascular parameters (heart rate 90 bpm, blood pressure 100/50 mmhg). A psychological evaluation was performed and counseling in an outpatient psychiatric service was recommended. On day 5, the biological parameters, ECG and echocardiography were normal, the patient being discharged in good condition without sequelae. FIGURE 1. Sinus rhythm alternating with junctional rhythm, 1st degree AV block, wide QRS complexes and long QT interval FIGURE 2. Accelerated junctional rhythm with wide QRS complexes and long QT interval

7 304 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXII, NR. 3, AN 2013 TABLE 1. Laboratory tests Reference ranges At admission 4 hours after admission 24 hours after admission ph 7,35-7,45 7,17 7,50 7,43 Base excess (mmol/l) ,5 3,5 1,5 Bicarbonate (mmol/l) BUN (mg/dl) Creatinine (mg/dl) 0,5-1, ,6 0,6 ALT (U/L) AST (U/L) CK-MB (ng/ml) 0-4, Troponina-I (ng/ml) 0-0,4 0, BNP (pg/ml) ,9 - - Sodium (mmol/l) Potassium (mmol/l) 3,5-5, ,5 3.0 Chloride (mmol/l) BUN blood urea nitrogen, ALT alanine aminotransferase; AST aspartate aminotransferase; CK-MB creatine kinase MB (miocardial); BNP brain natriuretic peptide. DISCUSSION Propafenone, similar to other pharmacological agents in Vaughan-Williams class I, acts in the myocardium by blocking sodium channels, thereby interfering with the phase 0 of the action potential. This mechanism is known in the literature as quinidine-like effect, membrane stabilizing effect or local anesthetic effect. (2) Unlike antiarrhythmic drugs of class IA and IB, propafenone does not influence the action potential duration and the repolarization phase. (2,3) In addition, propafenone has also weak β- and calcium blocking effects. (1,4) Propafenone poisoning has been reported in the literature in case of ingested doses of 1,800-9,000 mg. Therapeutic serum ranges are 400-1,100 ng/ml, while toxic serum ranges are 1,100-2,000 ng/ml. (4) In our patient, we knew the dose ingested by medical history, but we couldn t determine serum concentration of propafenone. Ingestion of a toxic dose of propafenone affects the cardiac conduction function, which is expressed by changes in the ECG pattern: QRS complexes widening, T wave flattening, prolongation of the PR interval and QTc interval. These changes can precipitate severe ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes, ventricular fibrillation) which are prior to cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. (3,4,5) Coma and seizures complicate the clinical presentation of propafenone poisoning. Is not well understood the mechanism by which propafenone causes neurologic injury. This could be explained by arterial hypotension occurring after cardiac conduction disturbances, causing cerebral hypoperfusion. Hypoxia and acidosis secondary to seizures may worsen cardiotoxic manifestations. (3,4,6,7) Our patient experienced a single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, which has been stopped by diazepam administration. Occasionally, in the clinical presentation of propafenone poisoning have been reported hemolysis, agranulocytosis, ataxia, liver and lung injury. (6,8) We did not notice any of these effects in this case. There is no specific antidote for propafenone poisoning, supportive measures having priority: securing the airway, establishing a venous line and monitoring cardiac electrical activity. (2) Gastrointestinal decontamination by gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal will be considered in the first hour after ingestion, only if the patient is asymptomatic, otherwise there is risk of aspiration. (8.9) In our case, the gastric lavage and the administration of activated charcoal were performed when the patient arrived in the first medical facility, 2 hours after ingestion. Enhancement of drug elimination by extrarenal epuration techniques is useless because propafenone has a large volume of distribution and strong plasma protein binding. (2,3) Administration of sodium bicarbonate is indicated if QRS complex widening is noticed on ECG, rhythm or conduction disturbances and/or hypotension occur. Boluses of 1-2 mmol/kg will be administered repeatedly until the patient is hemodynamically stable, with the disappearance of arrhythmias and seizures. Target range for serum ph is between

8 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXII, NR. 3, AN and Alkalinization induces the transmembrane passage of sodium, counteracting toxic membrane stabilizing effect. (2,3) Our patient required 2 boluses of 1 mmol/kg sodium bicarbonate, afterwards clinical improvement and normalization of ECG were noticed. Arterial hypotension unresponsive to initial infusion of crystalloid solution benefits from intravenous administration of catecholamines. In case of cardiogenic shock additional invasive measures are required: intraaortic balloon counterpulsation or peripheral circulatory support (cardiopulmonary bypass). (2.3) In our case, hypotension was corrected with normal saline and Ringer s solution infusion and dopamine infusion. In literature several attempts of experimental treatment in propafenone poisoning are reported. Intravenous fat emulsion therapy has been proposed in refractory cases of severe poisoning with liposoluble drugs with membrane stabilizing effect. (3) Their use in propafenone poisoning has already been reported, further studies are needed to establish the efficacy of fat emulsions. (10,11) Due to propafenone β-blocking effect, glucagon known antidote for β-adrenergic receptor antagonists poisoning, has been used. (12,13) Efficacy of an insulin overdose associated with glucose infusion has been demonstrated for β- and calcium channel blockers poisoning. The similarity in structure between propafenone and these agents may be an argument for using this therapy in propafenone poisoning. (8) CONCLUSION Propafenone poisoning, although rarely reported in literature in pediatric age group, is a serious and life-threatening condition. Early diagnosis, cardiac monitoring and supportive measures are essential steps in the management of this poisoning. In the absence of a specific treatment, administration of sodium bicarbonate has demonstrated effectiveness in improving cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances, which sign the severity of the poisoning. Acknowledgement: This paper is supported by the Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development (SOP HRD) , fi nanced from the European Social Fund and by the Romanian Government under the contract number POSDRU/107/1.5/S/ REFERENCES 1. Ravi Kishore AG, John Camm A. Guidelines for the Use of Propafenone in Treating Supraventricular Arrhythmias. Drugs, 1995; 50: Kolecki P. Sodium Channel-Blocking Antidysrhythmics. In Brent J, Wallace KL, Burkhart KK et al. Critical Care Toxicology Diagnosis and Management of the Critically Poisoned Patient, 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby, 2005: Mégarbane B. Intoxications par les stabilisants de membrane. In Baud F, Hantson P, Thabet H. Intoxications aiguës. Paris: Springer- Verlag, 2013; Clarot F, Goullé JP, Horst M et al. Case report: fatal propafenone overdoses. Case reports and a review of the literature. J Analyt Toxicol, 2003; 27: Acar E, Duran L, Sahin Y et al. Malign Arrhytmia Development Due to Propafenone Over Dose: a Case Report. Tr J Emerg Med 2012; 12(4): Arslan ED, Solakoglu GA, Yilmaz F et al. Acute Propafenone Toxicity Discovered after Unknown Onset of Symptoms. Br J Med Med Res, 2013; 3(4): Saz EU, Ucar SK, Ulger Z et al Successful treatment of suicidal mega dose of propafenone intoxication a case report. Kardiol Pol, 2010; 68(11): Bayram B, Dedeoglu E, Hocaoglu N et al. Propafenone-induced cardiac arrest: full recovery with insulin, is it possible? Am J Emerg Med, 2013; 31(2):457.e5-457.e7 9. Koppel C, Oberdisse U, Heinemeyer G. Clinical Course and Outcome in Class IC Antiarrhythmic Overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 1990; 28(4): Ten Tusscher BL, Beishuizen A, Girbes AR et al. Intravenous fat emulsion therapy for intentional propafenone intoxication. Clin Toxicol (Phila), 2011; 49(7): Jacob J, Heard K. Second case of the use of intravenous fat emulsion therapy for propafenone toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011; 49(10): Wożakowska-Kapłon B, Stępień-Walek A. Propafenone overdose: cardiac arrest and full recovery. Cardiol J, 2010; 17: Ovaska H, Ludman A, Spencer EP et al. Propafenone poisoning a case report with plasma propafenone concentrations. J Med Toxicol, 2010; 6(1):37-40

Electroencephalography (EEG) alteration in Autism Spectum Disorder (ASD)

Electroencephalography (EEG) alteration in Autism Spectum Disorder (ASD) Electroencephalography (EEG) alteration in Autism Spectum Disorder (ASD) FLORINA RAD 1, CAMELIA CIOBANU 2, GIANINA ANGHEL 3, IULIANA DOBRESCU 4 ABSTRACT There is a controversial relationship between Autism

More information

Clinical Pathway: Management Of The Life-Threatening Overdose

Clinical Pathway: Management Of The Life-Threatening Overdose Clinical Pathway: Management Of The Life-Threatening Overdose Intravenous access Oxygen Pulse oximetry n-invasive blood pressure monitoring Accu-Check ECG monitoring and ECG Chest x-ray Respiratory depression?

More information

The Hypotensive Poisoned Patient. Robert S. Hoffman, MD Director, NYC PCC

The Hypotensive Poisoned Patient. Robert S. Hoffman, MD Director, NYC PCC The Hypotensive Poisoned Patient Robert S. Hoffman, MD Director, NYC PCC Some Definitions Hypotension = Low blood pressure Failure of macrocirculation Shock = Poor tissue perfusion Failure of microcirculation

More information

EM Cases Course 2017 Toxicology Module

EM Cases Course 2017 Toxicology Module EM Cases Course 2017 Toxicology Module quick IV access and diazepam is administered. The seizure stops. The first set of vitals show: HR 30bpm, BP 70/40. His ECG is shown below. Margaret Thompson & JP

More information

Chapter 13. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives 9/11/2012. Poisonings, Overdoses, and Intoxications

Chapter 13. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives 9/11/2012. Poisonings, Overdoses, and Intoxications Chapter 13 Poisonings, Overdoses, and Intoxications Learning Objectives Discuss use of activated charcoal in treatment of poisonings List treatment options for acetaminophen overdose List clinical manifestations

More information

ECMO for treatment of cardiotoxic intoxications

ECMO for treatment of cardiotoxic intoxications ECMO for treatment of cardiotoxic intoxications Bruno Mégarbane, MD, PhD Medical and Toxicological Critical Care Department Lariboisiere Hospital, INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris-Diderot University Paris France

More information

PHYSICAL EXERCISES FOR DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY

PHYSICAL EXERCISES FOR DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY STUDIA UBB EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMN., LIX, 4, 2014, pp. 101-106 (RECOMMENDED CITATION) PHYSICAL EXERCISES FOR DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY DOCU AXELERAD ANY 1*, DOCU AXELERAD DANIEL 2 ABSTRACT. Introduction: Chronic

More information

Intraoperative and Postoperative Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Treatment

Intraoperative and Postoperative Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Treatment Intraoperative and Postoperative Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Treatment Karen L. Booth, MD, Lucile Packard Children s Hospital Arrhythmias are common after congenital heart surgery [1]. Postoperative electrolyte

More information

ALS MODULE 7 Pharmacology

ALS MODULE 7 Pharmacology ALS MODULE 7 Pharmacology Relates to HLT404C Apply Advanced Resuscitation Techniques Introduction There are no studies that addressed the order of drug administration. There is inadequate evidence to define

More information

Episode 90 Low and Slow Poisoning

Episode 90 Low and Slow Poisoning Hyperkalemia Myxedema coma Spinal cord injury Hypothermia Episode 90 Low and Slow Poisoning With Drs. Margaret Thompson & Emily Austin Prepared by Dr. Keerat Grewal, edited by Dr. Anton Helman, Jan 2017

More information

The correlation between burn size and serum albumin level in the first 48 hours after burn injury

The correlation between burn size and serum albumin level in the first 48 hours after burn injury STUDII CLINICE The correlation between burn size and serum albumin level in the first 48 hours after burn injury Jurnalul Român de Anestezie Terapie Intensivă 2013 Vol.20 Nr.1, 5-9 The correlation between

More information

1/29/2014. Objectives. The unstable overdose patient. Unstable overdose case #1. Outline

1/29/2014. Objectives. The unstable overdose patient. Unstable overdose case #1. Outline Objectives The unstable overdose patient Craig Smollin MD Associate Medical Director California Poison Control Center, SF Division Discuss clinical scenarios unique to the acutely poisoned patient and

More information

The pill-in-the-pocket strategy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

The pill-in-the-pocket strategy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation The pill-in-the-pocket strategy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation KONSTANTINOS P. LETSAS, MD, FEHRA LABORATORY OF CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY EVANGELISMOS GENERAL HOSPITAL OF ATHENS ARRHYTHMIAS UPDATE,

More information

Cardiotoxic Medications

Cardiotoxic Medications Cardiotoxic Medications Dean Olsen, DO Faculty, New York City Poison Control Center Director Emergency Medicine Residency Nassau University Medical Center Assistant Professor Pharmacology, Toxicology New

More information

Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Antiarrhythmic Drugs Antiarrhythmic Drugs DR ATIF ALQUBBANY A S S I S T A N T P R O F E S S O R O F M E D I C I N E / C A R D I O L O G Y C O N S U L T A N T C A R D I O L O G Y & I N T E R V E N T I O N A L E P A C H D /

More information

Chemistry Reference Ranges and Critical Values

Chemistry Reference Ranges and Critical Values Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) 3-9 years 9-18 years 1-9 years 9-18 years 10-25 U/L 10-35 U/L 10-30 U/L 10-25 U/L 10-30 U/L 10-35 U/L 10-25 U/L 10-35 U/L 10-25 U/L 10-20 U/L 10-35 U/L Albumin 0-6

More information

Chemistry Reference Ranges and Critical Values

Chemistry Reference Ranges and Critical Values Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) 3-9 years 9-18 years 1-9 years 9-18 years 10-30 U/L 10-30 U/L 10-20 U/L Albumin 0-6 days 6 days - 37 months 37 months - 7 years 7-20 years 2.6-3.6 g/dl 3.4-4.2 g/dl

More information

Prevention and Treatment Patrick Levelle, MD

Prevention and Treatment Patrick Levelle, MD Prevention and Treatment Patrick Levelle, MD LOCAL ANESTHETIC TOXICITY 1. PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS 2. ROLE OF THE PERIANESTHESIA RN 3. LOCAL ANESTHETIC TOXICITY Use of Lipid Emulsion Regional and Peripheral

More information

2/1/2013. Poisoning pitfalls. The original pitfall

2/1/2013. Poisoning pitfalls. The original pitfall The original pitfall Poisoning pitfalls Craig Smollin MD Associate Medical Director, California Poison Control System - SF Division Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, UCSF What will we talk about?

More information

Arrhythmic Complications of MI. Teferi Mitiku, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California Irvine

Arrhythmic Complications of MI. Teferi Mitiku, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California Irvine Arrhythmic Complications of MI Teferi Mitiku, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California Irvine Objectives Brief overview -Pathophysiology of Arrhythmia ECG review of typical

More information

Epilepsy CASE 1 Localization Differential Diagnosis

Epilepsy CASE 1 Localization Differential Diagnosis 2 Epilepsy CASE 1 A 32-year-old man was observed to suddenly become unresponsive followed by four episodes of generalized tonic-clonic convulsions of the upper and lower extremities while at work. Each

More information

Chapter 9. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives 9/11/2012. Cardiac Arrhythmias. Define electrical therapy

Chapter 9. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives 9/11/2012. Cardiac Arrhythmias. Define electrical therapy Chapter 9 Cardiac Arrhythmias Learning Objectives Define electrical therapy Explain why electrical therapy is preferred initial therapy over drug administration for cardiac arrest and some arrhythmias

More information

Radiant warming table with servo-control Incubator Skin temperature C Temperature with 1.5 C > child temperature

Radiant warming table with servo-control Incubator Skin temperature C Temperature with 1.5 C > child temperature Figure no. 1. Pre-transport thermo-equilibration (post-resuscitated) Newborn Central temperature 36.5-37.5 C < 36.5 C Normal Hypothermia Radiant warming table with servo-control Incubator Skin temperature

More information

MWLCEMS SYSTEM Continuing Education Packet Management of the Acute MI Patient

MWLCEMS SYSTEM Continuing Education Packet Management of the Acute MI Patient MWLCEMS SYSTEM Continuing Education Packet Management of the Acute MI Patient In this CE we will discuss the patient presenting with an acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Definition: Myocardial

More information

Yolo County Health & Human Services Agency

Yolo County Health & Human Services Agency Yolo County Health & Human Services Agency Kristin Weivoda EMS Administrator John S. Rose, MD, FACEP Medical Director DATE: December 28, 2017 TO: Yolo County Providers and Agencies FROM: Yolo County EMS

More information

INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL SIMULATION & EDUCATION ACLS PRACTICAL SCENARIOS

INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL SIMULATION & EDUCATION ACLS PRACTICAL SCENARIOS Practical Teaching for Respiratory Arrest with a Pulse (Case 1) You are a medical officer doing a pre-operative round when 60-year old patient started coughing violently and becomes unconscious. Fortunately

More information

FARMACIA, 2013, Vol. 61, 1

FARMACIA, 2013, Vol. 61, 1 170 FARMACIA, 2013, Vol. 61, 1 EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF TIANEPTINE IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS WITH CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES MARIA LADEA *, MIHAELA CRISTINA SINCA, DAN PRELIPCEANU Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry

More information

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Diabetic Ketoacidosis Definition: Diabetic Ketoacidosis is one of the most serious acute complications of diabetes. It s more common in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It s usually characterized

More information

DYSRHYTHMIAS. D. Assess whether or not it is the arrhythmia that is making the patient unstable or symptomatic

DYSRHYTHMIAS. D. Assess whether or not it is the arrhythmia that is making the patient unstable or symptomatic DYSRHYTHMIAS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS A. The 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines were referred to for this protocol development. Evidence-based science was implemented in those areas where the AHA

More information

Salicylates commonly cause tinnitus, deafness, nausea and vomiting (salicylism). Hyperventilation results from stimulation of respiratory centre.

Salicylates commonly cause tinnitus, deafness, nausea and vomiting (salicylism). Hyperventilation results from stimulation of respiratory centre. Aspirin poisoning CLINICAL FEATURES Salicylates commonly cause tinnitus, deafness, nausea and vomiting (salicylism). Hyperventilation results from stimulation of respiratory centre. Severe poisoning causes

More information

Dysrhythmias. Dysrythmias & Anti-Dysrhythmics. EKG Parameters. Dysrhythmias. Components of an ECG Wave. Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias. Dysrythmias & Anti-Dysrhythmics. EKG Parameters. Dysrhythmias. Components of an ECG Wave. Dysrhythmias Dysrhythmias Dysrythmias & Anti-Dysrhythmics Rhythm bad in the heart: Whitewater rafting Electrical impulses coordinate heart Reduction in Cardiac Output PEA Asystole Components of an ECG Wave EKG Parameters

More information

Refractoriness of drug-induced hypotension: Prediction and management Bruno Mégarbane

Refractoriness of drug-induced hypotension: Prediction and management Bruno Mégarbane Refractoriness of drug-induced hypotension: Prediction and management Bruno Mégarbane Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, INSERM, U1144, Paris Diderot University Lariboisière Hospital,

More information

Atrial Fibrillation 10/2/2018. Depolarization & ECG. Atrial Fibrillation. Hemodynamic Consequences

Atrial Fibrillation 10/2/2018. Depolarization & ECG. Atrial Fibrillation. Hemodynamic Consequences Depolarization & ECG Atrial Fibrillation How to make ORDER out of CHAOS Julia Shih, VMD, DACVIM (Cardiology) October 27, 2018 Depolarization & ECG Depolarization & ECG Atrial Fibrillation Hemodynamic Consequences

More information

PEDIATRIC CARDIAC RHYTHM DISTURBANCES. -Jason Haag, CCEMT-P

PEDIATRIC CARDIAC RHYTHM DISTURBANCES. -Jason Haag, CCEMT-P PEDIATRIC CARDIAC RHYTHM DISTURBANCES -Jason Haag, CCEMT-P General: CARDIAC RHYTHM DISTURBANCES - More often the result and not the cause of acute cardiovascular emergencies - Typically the end result

More information

Neither activated charcoal nor whole bowel irrigation (WBI) is indicated in the routine management of acute or chronic lithium toxicity.

Neither activated charcoal nor whole bowel irrigation (WBI) is indicated in the routine management of acute or chronic lithium toxicity. CRACKCast E160 Lithium Key concepts; The clinical pattern of acute and chronic toxicity is different. Gastrointestinal symptoms occur early and neurological toxicity manifest late in acute toxicity. Neurological

More information

Life Threatening EKG s In the Toxicology Patient

Life Threatening EKG s In the Toxicology Patient Life Threatening EKG s In the Toxicology Patient Dean Olsen, DO Faculty, New York City Poison Control Center Director Emergency Medicine Residency Nassau University Medical Center Assistant Professor Pharmacology,

More information

INTOXICATION DEATH: A TEN YEARS SURVEY

INTOXICATION DEATH: A TEN YEARS SURVEY THE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ; (): - INTOXICATION DEATH: A TEN YEARS SURVEY Emilia Alexandru Muntianu Institute of Public Health Iasi Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency

More information

Poison (Toxicant): any substance or agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological system or living organism.

Poison (Toxicant): any substance or agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological system or living organism. Poison (Toxicant): any substance or agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological system or living organism. Poisoning= overdose toxicity intoxication= toxicity due to foreign substance

More information

Michigan Pediatric Cardiac Protocols. Date: November 15, 2012 Page 1 of 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Michigan Pediatric Cardiac Protocols. Date: November 15, 2012 Page 1 of 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Date: November 15, 2012 Page 1 of 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pediatric Asystole Section 4-1 Pediatric Bradycardia Section 4-2 Pediatric Cardiac Arrest General Section 4-3 Pediatric Narrow Complex Tachycardia

More information

Amiodarone Prescribing and Monitoring: Back to the Future

Amiodarone Prescribing and Monitoring: Back to the Future Amiodarone Prescribing and Monitoring: Back to the Future Subha L. Varahan, MD, FHRS, CCDS Electrophysiologist Oklahoma Heart Hospital Oklahoma City, OK Friday, February, 8 th, 2019 Iodinated benzofuran

More information

a lecture series by SWESEMJR

a lecture series by SWESEMJR Electrolyte disturbances Hypokalaemia Decreased extracellular potassium increases excitability in the myocardial cells and consequently the effect of very severe hypokalaemia is ventricular arrhythmia.

More information

LIVER FUNCTION TESTS ANOMALIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

LIVER FUNCTION TESTS ANOMALIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE : 145-149 Original Paper Copyright Celsius LIVER FUNCTION TESTS ANOMALIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE Camelia C. Diaconu 1, Alice Bãlãceanu 2, Daniela Bartoæ 1 1 Carol Davila University of Medicine

More information

MICHIGAN. State Protocols. Pediatric Cardiac Table of Contents 6.1 General Pediatric Cardiac Arrest 6.2 Bradycardia 6.

MICHIGAN. State Protocols. Pediatric Cardiac Table of Contents 6.1 General Pediatric Cardiac Arrest 6.2 Bradycardia 6. MICHIGAN State Protocols Protocol Number Protocol Name Pediatric Cardiac Table of Contents 6.1 General Pediatric Cardiac Arrest 6.2 Bradycardia 6.3 Tachycardia PEDIATRIC CARDIAC PEDIATRIC CARDIAC ARREST

More information

Acute heart failure: ECMO Cardiology & Vascular Medicine 2012

Acute heart failure: ECMO Cardiology & Vascular Medicine 2012 Acute heart failure: ECMO Cardiology & Vascular Medicine 2012 Lucia Jewbali cardiologist-intensivist 14 beds/8 ICU beds Acute coronary syndromes Heart failure/ Cardiogenic shock Post cardiotomy Heart

More information

ACLS Prep. Preparation is key to a successful ACLS experience. Please complete the ACLS Pretest and Please complete this ACLS Prep.

ACLS Prep. Preparation is key to a successful ACLS experience. Please complete the ACLS Pretest and Please complete this ACLS Prep. November, 2013 ACLS Prep Preparation is key to a successful ACLS experience. Please complete the ACLS Pretest and Please complete this ACLS Prep. ACLS Prep Preparation is key to a successful ACLS experience.

More information

Basic Fluid and Electrolytes

Basic Fluid and Electrolytes Basic Fluid and Electrolytes Chapter 22 Basic Fluid and Electrolytes Introduction Infants and young children have a greater need for water and are more vulnerable to alterations in fluid and electrolyte

More information

Rhythm Control: Is There a Role for the PCP? Blake Norris, MD, FACC BHHI Primary Care Symposium February 28, 2014

Rhythm Control: Is There a Role for the PCP? Blake Norris, MD, FACC BHHI Primary Care Symposium February 28, 2014 Rhythm Control: Is There a Role for the PCP? Blake Norris, MD, FACC BHHI Primary Care Symposium February 28, 2014 Financial disclosures Consultant Medtronic 3 reasons to evaluate and treat arrhythmias

More information

Target Audience: Emergency Medicine Residents (junior and senior level postgraduate learners), Medical Students

Target Audience: Emergency Medicine Residents (junior and senior level postgraduate learners), Medical Students Cocaine Overdose Authors: Andrew Stolbach Reviewer: Tammi Schaeffer Target Audience: Emergency Medicine Residents (junior and senior level postgraduate learners), Medical Students Primary Learning Objectives:

More information

ANZCOR Guideline 12.4 Medications and Fluids in Paediatric Advanced Life Support

ANZCOR Guideline 12.4 Medications and Fluids in Paediatric Advanced Life Support ANZCOR Guideline 12. Medications and Fluids in Paediatric Advanced Life Support Who does this guideline apply to? This guideline applies to infants and children. Summary Who is the audience for this guideline?

More information

ICU Referral For Common Medical Disorders. Prof. M A Jalil Chowdhury

ICU Referral For Common Medical Disorders. Prof. M A Jalil Chowdhury ICU Referral For Common Medical Disorders Prof. M A Jalil Chowdhury Intensive Care Unit (ICU) An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital

More information

CHANGES INDUCED BY THE ADDED FAT IN THE BROILERS FODDER ON THE SERIQUE LEVELS OF THE GALL PIGMENTS

CHANGES INDUCED BY THE ADDED FAT IN THE BROILERS FODDER ON THE SERIQUE LEVELS OF THE GALL PIGMENTS Lucrări ştiinţifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, vol. 40(1) (2007), Timişoara CHANGES INDUCED BY THE ADDED FAT IN THE BROILERS FODDER ON THE SERIQUE LEVELS OF THE GALL PIGMENTS MODIFICARI INDUSE DE ADAOSUL

More information

Updated Policies and Procedures # s 606, 607, 610, 611, 612, 613, 625, 628, 630, 631, and 633 (ACLS Protocols and Policies)

Updated Policies and Procedures # s 606, 607, 610, 611, 612, 613, 625, 628, 630, 631, and 633 (ACLS Protocols and Policies) SLO County Emergency Medical Services Agency Bulletin 2012-09 PLEASE POST Updated Policies and Procedures # s 606, 607, 610, 611, 612, 613, 625, 628, 630, 631, and 633 (ACLS Protocols and Policies) July

More information

Subjects with Elevated CRP Levels and Asymptomatic PAD Prone to Develop Cognitive Impairment

Subjects with Elevated CRP Levels and Asymptomatic PAD Prone to Develop Cognitive Impairment Subjects with Elevated CRP Levels and Asymptomatic PAD Prone to Develop Cognitive Impairment Pavel Dan Nanu 1, Sanda Maria Deme 1, Ramona Maria Chendereş 1 Abstract: The CRP is an independent predictor

More information

Pheochromocytoma Crisis Presenting as Fulminant Cardiopulmonary Failure: A Case Report

Pheochromocytoma Crisis Presenting as Fulminant Cardiopulmonary Failure: A Case Report 170 Pheochromocytoma Crisis Presenting as Fulminant Cardiopulmonary Failure: A Case Report Chun-Wen Chiu 1, Cheng-Hsiung Chen 2 Fulminant cardiopulmonary failure in a patient with pheochromocytoma is a

More information

Update in Poison Management. Update in Poison Management. Antidote Use. Fomepizole. Pediatric Ingestions 1. No financial disclosures

Update in Poison Management. Update in Poison Management. Antidote Use. Fomepizole. Pediatric Ingestions 1. No financial disclosures Update in Poison Management No financial disclosures Robert J. Hoffman, MD,MS FACMT, FACEP, FAAEM, FAAP Department of Emergency Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, New York Update in

More information

Advice for healthcare professionals in any setting

Advice for healthcare professionals in any setting Advice for healthcare professionals in any setting General principles Always treat people with care and respect Ensure privacy for service user Take full account of the likely distress associated with

More information

PEDIATRIC TREATMENT GUIDELINES - CARDIAC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION - PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (SJ-PO1) effective 05/01/02

PEDIATRIC TREATMENT GUIDELINES - CARDIAC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION - PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (SJ-PO1) effective 05/01/02 PEDIATRIC TREATMENT GUIDELINES - CARDIAC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION - PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (SJ-PO1) effective 05/01/02 Revision #5 04/19/02 Identify Dysrhythmia DEFIBRILLATE: 2 J/kg, 4 J/kg,

More information

Michigan Pediatric Cardiac Protocols. Date: November 15, 2012 Page 1 of 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Michigan Pediatric Cardiac Protocols. Date: November 15, 2012 Page 1 of 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Date: November 15, 2012 Page 1 of 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pediatric Asystole Section 4-1 Pediatric Bradycardia Section 4-2 Pediatric Cardiac Arrest General Section 4-3 Pediatric Narrow Complex Tachycardia

More information

Chapter 26. Media Directory. Dysrhythmias. Diagnosis/Treatment of Dysrhythmias. Frequency in Population Difficult to Predict

Chapter 26. Media Directory. Dysrhythmias. Diagnosis/Treatment of Dysrhythmias. Frequency in Population Difficult to Predict Chapter 26 Drugs for Dysrythmias Slide 33 Slide 35 Media Directory Propranolol Animation Amiodarone Animation Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Dysrhythmias Abnormalities of electrical

More information

Instruct patient and caregivers: Need for constant monitoring Potential complications of drug therapy

Instruct patient and caregivers: Need for constant monitoring Potential complications of drug therapy Assessment Prior to administration: Assess patient for chest pain, dysrhythmias, and vital signs (initially and throughout therapy) Obtain complete medical history, including allergies, especially heart

More information

Electrolyte Imbalance and Resuscitation. Dr. Mehmet Okumuş Sütçü Imam University Faculty of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine

Electrolyte Imbalance and Resuscitation. Dr. Mehmet Okumuş Sütçü Imam University Faculty of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Electrolyte Imbalance and Resuscitation Dr. Mehmet Okumuş Sütçü Imam University Faculty of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Presentation plan Definition of the electrolyte disturbances Conditions

More information

Cardiac arrhythmias. Janusz Witowski. Department of Pathophysiology Poznan University of Medical Sciences. J. Witowski

Cardiac arrhythmias. Janusz Witowski. Department of Pathophysiology Poznan University of Medical Sciences. J. Witowski Cardiac arrhythmias Janusz Witowski Department of Pathophysiology Poznan University of Medical Sciences A 68-year old man presents to the emergency department late one evening complaining of increasing

More information

Post Resuscitation Care

Post Resuscitation Care Princess Margaret Hospital f Children PAEDIATRIC ACUTE CARE GUIDELINE Post Resuscitation Care Scope (Staff): Scope (Area): All Emergency Department Clinicians Emergency Department This document should

More information

CalvertHealth Medical Center s Moderate Sedation Competency Examination

CalvertHealth Medical Center s Moderate Sedation Competency Examination Medical Staff Office Use Only: Congratulations! You passed the Moderate Sedation Competency Examination. Enclosed is the test for your follow-up review. Test Results: % ( of 35 correct) Your test result

More information

Chapter 14. Agents used in Cardiac Arrhythmias

Chapter 14. Agents used in Cardiac Arrhythmias Chapter 14 Agents used in Cardiac Arrhythmias Cardiac arrhythmia Approximately 50% of post-myocardial infarction fatalities result from ventricular tachycarida (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). These

More information

Emergency Medical Training Services Emergency Medical Technician Paramedic Program Outlines Outline Topic: WPW Revised: 11/2013

Emergency Medical Training Services Emergency Medical Technician Paramedic Program Outlines Outline Topic: WPW Revised: 11/2013 Emergency Medical Training Services Emergency Medical Technician Paramedic Program Outlines Outline Topic: WPW Revised: 11/2013 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is a syndrome of pre-excitation of the

More information

Cardiovascular Nursing Practice: A Comprehensive Resource Manual and Study Guide for Clinical Nurses 2 nd Edition

Cardiovascular Nursing Practice: A Comprehensive Resource Manual and Study Guide for Clinical Nurses 2 nd Edition Cardiovascular Nursing Practice: A Comprehensive Resource Manual and Study Guide for Clinical Nurses 2 nd Edition Table of Contents Volume 1 Chapter 1: Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology Basic Cardiac

More information

Cardiac Arrhythmias & Drugs used in Advanced Life Support and Cardiac Emergencies

Cardiac Arrhythmias & Drugs used in Advanced Life Support and Cardiac Emergencies Cardiac Arrhythmias & Drugs used in Advanced Life Support and Cardiac Emergencies CNHE Ballarat Health Services Valid from 1 st March 2016 to 31 st June 2018 1 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) An atrial

More information

Final Written Exam ASHI ACLS

Final Written Exam ASHI ACLS Final Written Exam ASHI ACLS Instructions: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Questions 1 and 2 pertain to the following scenario: A 54-year-old man has experienced

More information

Antiarrhythmic Drugs 1/31/2018 1

Antiarrhythmic Drugs 1/31/2018 1 Antiarrhythmic Drugs 1/31/2018 1 Normal conduction pathway: 1- SA node generates action potential and delivers it to the atria and the AV node 2- The AV node delivers the impulse to purkinje fibers Other

More information

BINE ATI VENIT LA CATEDRA DE FIZIOPATOLOGIE! Asist. Dr. ORASAN MEDA SANDRA

BINE ATI VENIT LA CATEDRA DE FIZIOPATOLOGIE! Asist. Dr. ORASAN MEDA SANDRA BINE ATI VENIT LA CATEDRA DE FIZIOPATOLOGIE! Asist. Dr. ORASAN MEDA SANDRA Vom parcurge in acest semestru 14 lucrari practice: 20% din ele.. 3 absente posibile, dar care a) trebuie recuperate! b) trebuie

More information

Supplementary Online Content

Supplementary Online Content Supplementary Online Content Dhabangi A, Ainomugisha B, Cserti-Gazdewich C, et al. Effect of transfusion of red blood cells with longer vs shorter storage duration on elevated blood lactate levels in children

More information

PEDIATRIC SVT MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRIC SVT MANAGEMENT PEDIATRIC SVT MANAGEMENT 1 INTRODUCTION Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) can be defined as an abnormally rapid heart rhythm originating above the ventricles, often (but not always) with a narrow QRS

More information

Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation and ICD

Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation and ICD EKG Conference Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation and ICD Samsung Medical Center CCU D.I. Hur Ji Won 2006.05.20 Ventricular tachyarrhythmia ventricular tachycardia ventricular fibrillation

More information

Dancing with Death: MDMA, PMMA and other 4 letter words

Dancing with Death: MDMA, PMMA and other 4 letter words Dancing with Death: MDMA, PMMA and other 4 letter words Mark Yarema, MD FRCPC Poison and Drug Information Service Alberta Health Services AARC Community Intervention Series March 15, 2016 Objectives At

More information

Utilizare ecard in aplicaţie de raportare pentru medicii de Dializa

Utilizare ecard in aplicaţie de raportare pentru medicii de Dializa Utilizare ecard in aplicaţie de raportare pentru medicii de Dializa Cuprins ACTIVARE CARD... 3 AUTENTIFICARE TERMINAL... 5 ADAUGARE PACIENT... 5 ADAUGARE FISA PACIENT... 7 VIZUALIZARE RAPORTARE IN SIUI...

More information

ΚΟΛΠΙΚΗ ΜΑΡΜΑΡΥΓΗ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΤΑΞΗ. ΣΠΥΡΟΜΗΤΡΟΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ Καρδιολόγος, Ε/Α, Γ.Ν.Κατερίνης. F.E.S.C

ΚΟΛΠΙΚΗ ΜΑΡΜΑΡΥΓΗ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΤΑΞΗ. ΣΠΥΡΟΜΗΤΡΟΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ Καρδιολόγος, Ε/Α, Γ.Ν.Κατερίνης. F.E.S.C ΚΟΛΠΙΚΗ ΜΑΡΜΑΡΥΓΗ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΤΑΞΗ ΣΠΥΡΟΜΗΤΡΟΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ Καρδιολόγος, Ε/Α, Γ.Ν.Κατερίνης. F.E.S.C Definitions of AF: A Simplified Scheme Term Definition Paroxysmal AF AF that terminates

More information

Severe Coronary Vasospasm Complicated with Ventricular Tachycardia

Severe Coronary Vasospasm Complicated with Ventricular Tachycardia Severe Coronary Vasospasm Complicated with Ventricular Tachycardia Göksel Acar, Serdar Fidan, Servet İzci and Anıl Avcı Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Department,

More information

Acute Chloroform Ingestion Successfully Treated with Intravenously Administered N-acetylcysteine

Acute Chloroform Ingestion Successfully Treated with Intravenously Administered N-acetylcysteine Acute Chloroform Ingestion Successfully Treated with Intravenously Administered N-acetylcysteine Damon M. Dell'Aglio, Emory University Mark E. Sutter, Emory University Michael D. Schwartz, Emory University

More information

4/14/15 HTEC 91. Topics for Today. Guess That Rhythm. Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) Ventricular Rhythms

4/14/15 HTEC 91. Topics for Today. Guess That Rhythm. Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) Ventricular Rhythms 4/14/15 Topics for Today HTEC 91 Medical Office Diagnostic Tests Week 5 Ventricular Rhythms PVCs: Premature Ventricular Contractions VT: Ventricular Tachycardia VF: Ventricular Fibrillation Asystole Study

More information

Opioid Overdose Best Practices Guideline. Table of Contents. A. General description: B: Typical signs and symptoms:

Opioid Overdose Best Practices Guideline. Table of Contents. A. General description: B: Typical signs and symptoms: Opioid Overdose Best Practices Guideline Table of Contents A. General description B. Typical signs and symptoms C. Expected course D. Making the diagnosis E. Recommended treatment F. Criteria for hospital

More information

A case of severe hyperkalaemia presenting with cardiac arrythmias: An uncommon initial manifestation of chronic kidney disease

A case of severe hyperkalaemia presenting with cardiac arrythmias: An uncommon initial manifestation of chronic kidney disease Case Report A case of severe hyperkalaemia presenting with cardiac arrythmias: An uncommon initial manifestation of chronic kidney disease D H Sudusinghe 1, J indrakumar 2 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty

More information

1 Recognition. 2 Immediate management. 3 Treatment. 4 Follow-up. AAGBI Safety Guideline. Management of Severe Local Anaesthetic Toxicity

1 Recognition. 2 Immediate management. 3 Treatment. 4 Follow-up. AAGBI Safety Guideline. Management of Severe Local Anaesthetic Toxicity AAGBI Safety Guideline Management of Severe Local Anaesthetic Toxicity 1 Recognition 2 Immediate management 3 Treatment Signs of severe toxicity: Sudden alteration in mental status, severe agitation or

More information

Supplementary material 1. Definitions of study endpoints (extracted from the Endpoint Validation Committee Charter) 1.

Supplementary material 1. Definitions of study endpoints (extracted from the Endpoint Validation Committee Charter) 1. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the SIGNIFY trial: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ivabradine in patients with stable coronary artery disease without clinical

More information

CRACKCast Episode Hydrocarbons (Ch th )

CRACKCast Episode Hydrocarbons (Ch th ) CRACKCast Episode Hydrocarbons (Ch. 152 9 th ) Episode Overview Key Concepts: Aspiration is the major toxic risk of hydrocarbon poisoning. Hydrocarbons may cause systemic toxicity, burns, seizures, cardiac

More information

The ARREST Trial: Amiodarone for Resuscitation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Fibrillation

The ARREST Trial: Amiodarone for Resuscitation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Fibrillation The ARREST Trial: Amiodarone for Resuscitation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Fibrillation Introduction The ARREST (Amiodarone in out-of-hospital Resuscitation of REfractory Sustained

More information

Adult Basic Life Support

Adult Basic Life Support Adult Basic Life Support UNRESPONSIVE? Shout for help Open airway NOT BREATHING NORMALLY? Call 112* 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths 30 compressions *or national emergency number Fig 1.2_Adult BLS

More information

Clinical Significance of Plasma Ammonia in Patients with Generalized Convulsion

Clinical Significance of Plasma Ammonia in Patients with Generalized Convulsion ORIGINAL ARTICLE Clinical Significance of Plasma Ammonia in Patients with Generalized Convulsion Kouichi Tomita 1,NorioOtani 2,FumioOmata 3,4 and Shinichi Ishimatsu 1,2 Abstract Background Plasma ammonia

More information

Drug overdoses requiring temporary cardiac pacing;

Drug overdoses requiring temporary cardiac pacing; The Ulster Medical Journal, Volume 67, No. 1, pp. 13-18, May 1998. Drug overdoses requiring temporary cardiac pacing; A study of six cases treated at Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry P G McGlinchey, A

More information

Case Report WenckebachBlockduetoHyperkalemia:ACaseReport

Case Report WenckebachBlockduetoHyperkalemia:ACaseReport Emergency Medicine International Volume 2010, Article ID 879751, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2010/879751 Case Report WenckebachBlockduetoHyperkalemia:ACaseReport Aparajita Sohoni, Berenice Perez, and Amandeep

More information

Medical Management of Acute Heart Failure

Medical Management of Acute Heart Failure Critical Care Medicine and Trauma Medical Management of Acute Heart Failure Mary O. Gray, MD, FAHA Associate Professor of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Staff Cardiologist and Training

More information

METFORMIN IN PREVENTIA

METFORMIN IN PREVENTIA METFORMIN IN PREVENTIA CRESTERII IN GREUTATE INDUSE DE TRATAMENTUL ANTIPSIHOTIC: O REVIZUIRE SISTEMATICA SI META-ANALIZA BMC Psyhiatry de Silva et al. BMC Psychiatry (2016) 16:341 DOI 10.1186/s12888-016-1049-5

More information

Emergency Cardiovascular Care: EMT-Intermediate Treatment Algorithms. Introduction to the Algorithms

Emergency Cardiovascular Care: EMT-Intermediate Treatment Algorithms. Introduction to the Algorithms Emergency Cardiovascular Care: EMT-Intermediate Treatment Algorithms Introduction to the Algorithms Cardiac Arrest Algorithms Prehospital Medication Profiles Perspective regarding the EMT- Intermediate

More information

STUDIES REGARDING THE CRIOPROTECTIVE PROPRIETIES OF THE VITRIFICATION MEDIA, WITH GLYCEROL, SUCROSE AND FICOLL 70 USED IN EMBRYO CRYOPRESERVATION

STUDIES REGARDING THE CRIOPROTECTIVE PROPRIETIES OF THE VITRIFICATION MEDIA, WITH GLYCEROL, SUCROSE AND FICOLL 70 USED IN EMBRYO CRYOPRESERVATION Lucrări ştiinţifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, vol. 40 (1), (2007), Timişoara STUDIES REGARDING THE CRIOPROTECTIVE PROPRIETIES OF THE VITRIFICATION MEDIA, WITH GLYCEROL, SUCROSE AND FICOLL 70 USED IN

More information

Chapter 16: Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances

Chapter 16: Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances Complete the following. Chapter 16: Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 1. Cardiac arrhythmias result from abnormal impulse, abnormal impulse, or both mechanisms together. 2. is the ability of certain

More information

Review Packet EKG Competency This packet is a review of the information you will need to know for the proctored EKG competency test.

Review Packet EKG Competency This packet is a review of the information you will need to know for the proctored EKG competency test. Review Packet EKG Competency 2015 This packet is a review of the information you will need to know for the proctored EKG competency test. Normal Sinus Rhythm Rhythm: Regular Ventricular Rate: 60-100 bpm

More information

ECG Changes in Patients Treated with Mild Hypothermia after Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest

ECG Changes in Patients Treated with Mild Hypothermia after Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest ECG Changes in Patients Treated with Mild Hypothermia after Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest R. Schneider, S. Zimmermann, W.G. Daniel, S. Achenbach Department of Internal

More information

Tall P waves associated with severe combined electrolyte depletion. Citation Journal of electrocardiology (2014)

Tall P waves associated with severe combined electrolyte depletion. Citation Journal of electrocardiology (2014) Title Tall P waves associated with severe combined electrolyte depletion. Author(s) Kishimoto, Chiharu; Tamaru, Kosaku; Citation Journal of electrocardiology (2014) Issue Date 2014-01 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180299

More information

Nassau Regional Emergency Medical Services. Advanced Life Support Pediatric Protocol Manual

Nassau Regional Emergency Medical Services. Advanced Life Support Pediatric Protocol Manual Nassau Regional Emergency Medical Services Advanced Life Support Pediatric Protocol Manual 2014 PEDIATRIC ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT PROTOCOLS TABLE OF CONTENTS Approved Effective Newborn Resuscitation P 1

More information

SARASOTA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL NURSING DEPARTMENT POLICY

SARASOTA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL NURSING DEPARTMENT POLICY PS1070 SARASOTA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL NURSING DEPARTMENT POLICY TITLE: ADMISSION/DISCHARGE CRITERIA: CARDIOVASCULAR INTENSIVE Job Title of Reviewer: Director, CVICU EFFECTIVE DATE: REVIEWED/REVISED DATE: POLICY

More information