Index. interventional.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A ACAS (Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study), ACST (Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial), 6 7, 65, 75 Age factors, in carotid interventions, 53 54, 69 Anesthesia, for carotid endarterectomy, 77 Angiography, carotid. See Carotid angiography. Anterior communicating artery, anomalies of, 132 Anterior spinal artery, 130 Antiplatelet therapy, for stroke prevention, 4 Aortic arches anomalies of, atheroma of, carotid interventions with, 55 difficult anatomy of in carotid interventions, 54 stenting, normal anatomy of, 123 ARMOUR trial, for embolic protection, 43 Arteria lusoria, 124 Arterial sheath, radial, management of, 32 Artery of cervical enlargement, 130 Aspiration, in stroke reperfusion, 158 Aspirin for stroke prevention, 4 for vertebral artery stenting, 119 Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS), 7, Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST), 6 7, 65, 75 Atherosclerosis. See Carotid artery disease. Azygous anterior cerebral artery, 132 B Balloon, for embolic protection, in transfemoral carotid angiography and stenting, BEACH trial, 53 Biomarkers, for carotid artery disease, 5 6 Biphemispheric anterior cerebral artery, 132 Bivalirudin for transfemoral carotid angiography and stenting, 40, 43 for vertebral artery stenting, Blood pressure, control of, for stroke prevention, 5 Bovine arch, 124 Brachiocephalic trunk, anomalies of, 124 Bruits, in carotid artery stenosis, 1 2 Intervent Cardiol Clin 3 (2014) /14/$ see front matter Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C Calcification, 55 CAPTURE (Carotid RX Acculink/Accunet Post- Approval Trial to Uncover Unanticipated or Rare Events) trial, 53 54, 67, 93 CARE (Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy) registry, 86 CAROS (Carotid Angioplasty and Risk of Stoke) registry, Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS), 82 86, 120 Carotid angiography, 14 16, 18 19, 74 risk factors in, transfemoral approach to, transradial spproach to, Carotid Angioplasty and Risk of Stoke (CAROS) registry, Carotid artery(ies) aberrant, 127 anomalies of, common, cannulation of, congenital absence of some sections, congenital anastomoses of, injury of, in stenting, 109 malposition of some sections, normal anatomy of, Carotid artery disease, angiography for. See Carotid angiography. asymptomatic, interventions for, risk assessment in, 54 stroke prevention in, 1 11 contralateral, carotid interventions with, endarterectomy for, imaging for, 13 20, 76 lesions characteristics in, 55 medical therapy for, monitoring of, 2 3 natural history of, reperfusion strategies for, screening for, 2 severe, stenting for. See Stenting. stroke prevention in, 1 11 Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy (CARE) registry, 86 Carotid endarterectomy clinical trials of, 78 controversies in, 67 interventional.theclinics.com

2 170 Index Carotid (continued) evaluation for, 74 for stroke prevention, 6 history of, 75 literature review of, outcomes of, 83, 85 reimbursement for, 67 technique for, versus stenting, Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting (CREST) trial, 53 54, 56, 64, 69 70, 82 86, 97, 99, 105 Carotid RX Acculink/Accunet Post-Approval Trial to Uncover Unanticipated or Rare Events (CAPTURE) trial, 53 54, 67, 70, 93 Carotid stenting access site complications in, 109 anatomic abnormalities in, 54 aortic arch atheroma in, 55 calcification in, 55 clinical trials of, comorbidities and, complications of, cardiovascular, death, 109 device malfunction, 109 general, 109 late, local injury, 109 neurologic, contralateral stenosis or occlusion in, controversies in, 67 echolucent plaque in, embolic protection in, 68 evaluation for, 74 for stroke prevention, 6, 8 intracranial, learning curves for, lesion characteristics and, 55 neuroprotection in, outcomes of, 83, 85 procedural problems in, reimbursement for, 67 risk factors in, stent design in, 57, stent fracture in, 111 surveillance after, 17 techniques for, timing of, 57 transradial, vascular variants in, aortic arch, common carotid artery, 125 external carotid artery, 125 internal carotid artery, intracranial, persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses, vertebral artery, 130 versus endarterectomy, Carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses, persistent, CAVATAS (Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study), 82 86, 120 Cerebral artery anterior, normal variants of, 132 middle anomalies of, 132 stenosis of, interventions for, posterior, anomalies of, 132 Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, 141 Cervical aortic arch, 125 Cervical enlargement, artery of, 130 Choroidal artery, anterior, hyperplasia of, 132 Cilostazol, for stroke prevention, 4 Circle of Willis, normal variants of, Clinical trials, learning curve impact on, 97 Clopidogrel, for stroke prevention, 4 Cognitive dysfunction, after carotid stenting, Computed tomography, for stroke, Computed tomography angiography, 15 16, 18 19, 23 25, 76, 147 C-reactive protein, in carotid artery disease, 5 6 CREST (Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting) trial, 53 54, 56, 64, 69 70, 82 86, 97, 99, 105 D Death, in carotid stenting, 109, 111 Delphi Carotid Stenting Consensus Panel recommendations, 52 Digital subtraction angiography, 76, Dissection, in intracranial stenting, 141 Doppler studies, for stroke prevention interventions, 5 Double aortic arch, Duplex ultrasonography, 14 15, 18 19, 74, 76 Duplications, in circle of Willis, E Echolucent plaques, ECST (European Carotid Surgery Trial), 74, 78, Elderly persons, carotid interventions in, 53 54, 69 Embolic protection, 67, failure to use, stenting, outcomes with, 68 Embolism formation, in intracranial stenting, Emboshield and Xact Post Approval Carotid Stent Trial (EXACT), 67

3 Index 171 EMPIRE trial, for embolic protection, 43 Endarterectomy versus Angioplasty in Patients with Severe Carotid Stenosis (EVA-3S), European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST), 74, 78, EVA-3S (Endarterectomy versus Angioplasty in Patients with Severe Carotid Stenosis), 82 86, 99 EXACT (Emboshield and Xact Post Approval Carotid Stent Trial), 67 operator, randomized control trials and, 97 simulation training for, 101 Left-sided aortic arch, 124 Life expectancy, stroke prevention interventions and, 5 Lifestyle modifications, for stroke prevention, 3 4 Lipid-lowering therapy, for stroke prevention, 4 5 F Fenestrations, in circle of Willis, Flow restoration, for stroke reperfusion, G Gender, stroke prevention interventions and, 5 H Hemorrhage, intracranial, in carotid stenting, Heparin for transradial carotid angiography and stenting, 22 for vertebral artery stenting, 118 Hyperperfusion syndrome in carotid stenting, stenting, 43 Hypertension control of, for stroke prevention, 5 stenting, 43 Hypoglossal artery, persistent, 129 I ICSS (International Carotid Stenting Study), 56 57, 82 85, 99 Imaging, 13 20, 74. See also specific modalities. Institutional learning curves, for carotid stenting, 95 97, 100 International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS), 56 57, 82 85, 99 Intracerebral hemorrhage, in intracranial stenting, 141 Intracranial vasculature, Ischemic injury in carotid stenting, in intracranial stenting, L Learning curves, for carotid stenting, adequate volume derived from, institutional, 95 97, 100 observational studies of, 92 M Magnetic resonance angiography, 5, 16, 18 19, 74, 76 Magnetic resonance imaging, for stroke, 149 Merci device, for stroke reperfusion, Mo.Ma proximal protection device, for carotid angiography and stenting transfemoral, 44 transradial, 30 Myocardial infarction in carotid stenting, 109 periprocedural, N NASCET (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial), 74, 78, 82 83, 85 National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR), 86 Neosynephrine, in transfemoral carotid angiography and stenting, 43 Neurolink Stent, Neurologic disorders, in carotid stenting, Neurorescue, in transfemoral carotid angiography and stenting, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET), 74, 78, 82 83, 85 O Operator learning curve, for carotid stenting, Ostial common carotid/innominate lesions, in transfemoral carotid angiography and stenting, Otic artery, persistent, 129 P Patient education, for stroke prevention, 3 4 Penumbra system, for stroke reperfusion, Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses, Pharyngeal artery, carotid artery anomalies and, 127 Phospholipase A, in carotid artery disease, 5 6 Posterior communicating artery infundibulum, 132 Prasugrel, for stroke prevention, 4 Proatlantal intersegmental artery, 129 Pro-CAS study, 95

4 172 Index PROTECT study, 86 Proximal protection device, for transradial carotid angiography and stenting, 30 R Recanalization, in stroke reperfusion, Reimbursement, for carotid intervention, 67 Restenosis, after carotid stenting, Revascularization. See also specific procedures. imaging before, Right-sided aortic arch, 124 S SAMMPRIS (Stenting versus Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke), 139 SAPPHIRE (Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy) trial, 64, 82 85, 99 Sienna Risk Score, 54 Simmons catheter, for transradial carotid angiography and stenting, Simulation, in carotid stenting training, 101 Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Registry (SVSVR), 86 Solitaire AB Neurovascular Remodeling Device, SPACE (Stent-Protected Angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy) trial, 54, 82 85, 99 Spinal artery, anterior, 130 Stapedial artery, persistent, Statins, for stroke prevention, 4 5 Stenting carotid. See Carotid stenting. intracranial carotid, middle cerebral artery, vertebral artery, Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy (SAPPHIRE) trial, 64, 82 85, 99 Stenting versus Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke (SAMMPRIS), 139 Stent-Protected Angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy (SPACE) trial, 54, 82 85, 99 Stent-retriever, for thrombectomy, for stroke. See Stroke, reperfusion for. Stroke after carotid stenting, in carotid stenting, in intracranial stenting, in vertebral artery stenting, 120 medical therapy for, periprocedural, primary prevention of, 1 11 antiplatelet therapy for, 4 blood pressure lowering for, 5 lifestyle modifications for, 3 4 lipid-lowering therapy for, 4 5 pharmacologic therapy for, 4 revascularization for, 5 8 risk factors and, 1 2, 5 testing in, 2 3 reperfusion for, anatomic considerations in, complications of, 162 imaging for, indications for, optimized systems-based procedure for, outcomes of, patient selection for, planning for, procedure for, revascularization options during, secondary prevention of, Subclavian artery, aberrant, 124 SVSVR (Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Registry), 86 T TACIT (Transatlantic Asymptomatic Carotid Intervention Trial), 75 Thrombectomy, stent-retriever, for stroke. See Stroke, reperfusion for. Thrombolysis, for stroke. See Stroke, reperfusion for. Thrombolytic therapy, for stroke, 74 Thrombosis, in intracranial stenting, Ticagrelor, for stroke prevention, 4 Transatlantic Asymptomatic Carotid Intervention Trial (TACIT), 75 Transfemoral carotid angiography and stenting, angiography in, background of, distal embolic protection with, lack of access for, 57 medications during, 43 patient preparation for, 39 problems in, 45 procedure for, proximal embolic protection in, special situations in, stent selection for, versus transradial approach, 21 Transfemoral intracranial angiography and stenting, Transfemoral vertebral angiography and stenting, Transradial carotid angiography and stenting, access for, 22 23

5 Index 173 advantages of, 31 angiography in, arterial sheath management in, 31 bovine left internal stenting in, 28 common carotid artery cannulation in, disadvantages of, 31 limitations of, Mo.Ma proximal protection device in, 30 nonbovine left internal stenting in, right internal stenting in, versus transfemoral approach, 21 Trifurcation, of anterior cerebral artery, 132 Trigeminal artery, persistent, Tympanic artery, carotid artery anomalies and, 127 U Ultrasonography, 5, V Vasopressor reactions, in carotid stenting, Vasovagal reactions, in carotid stenting, Verapamil, in transradial carotid angiography and stenting, 22 Vertebral artery anomalies of, 124, 130 normal anatomy of, 130 Vertebral artery stenosis, angioplasty for, anatomic considerations in, complications of, 120 indications for, 116 outcomes of, patient selection for, 116 planning for, postprocedural care in, procedure for, 118 Veterans Administration Trial, 7, 65 Virtual reality training, for carotid stenting, 101 W WASID (Warfarin-Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Disease) trial, 135, 139 Wingspan stent,