Management of Heart Failure

Transcription

1 Management of Heart Failure

2 Management of Heart Failure Volume 1: Medical Edited by Ragavendra R. Baliga, MD, MBA, FRCP, FACC Chief, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital East, Professor of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Bertram Pitt, MD Professor of Internal Medicine,, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Michael M. Givertz, MD, FACC Medical Director, Heart Transplant Circulatory Assist Program, Brigham Women's Hospital, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

3 Ragavendra R. Baliga, MD, MBA, FRCP, FACC Chief, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine University Hospital East Professor of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA Michael M. Givertz, MD, FACC Medical Director, Heart Transplant Circulatory Assist Program Brigham Women's Hospital Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA Bertram Pitt, MD Professor of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, MI, USA ISBN: e-isbn: DOI: / British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws regulations therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science + Business Media springer.com

4 Preface It is believed that 20% of the global population suffers from diseases that predispose it to heart failure. The prevalence hospitalization rates for heart failure continue to increase, in part, because improved therapy has increased life expectancy. Heart failure, now, is the most common hospital discharge diagnosis, the Medicare budget spends more money for diagnosis treatment of heart failure than for any other diagnosis. The total indirect cost of heart failure approaches $30 billion annually in the USA alone. Although a great deal of progress has been made in the development of both pharmacological non-pharmacological therapies for this common but potentially fatal disorder, the number of available therapies has increased. But this increase has rendered clinical decision making far more complicated the timing sequence of initiating strategies for treatment the appropriateness of prescribing them in combination more complex. Despite these advances in treatment, the number of heart failure deaths continues to increase. Keeping this in mind we have assembled a group of experts in the field to put together a state of the art treatise on the management of heart failure. The advantage of this publication is that it is a multiauthor book which brings in perspectives from all around the globe. The other major strength of this publication is that the chapters are relevant to day-to-day clinical practice. In conjunction with volume 2, Surgical Management of Heart Failure, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the management of heart failure. This book is intended for health care providers involved in the prevention management of heart failure: nurses, physician assistants, house officers, general practitioners, internists, cardiovascular specialists. We hope that this book will therefore not only contribute to reducing the increasing burden of heart failure worldwide but also serve as a stimulus for new research in the field of heart failure. Ragavendra R. Baliga The Ohio State University Bertram Pitt University of Michigan Health System Michael Givertz Harvard Medical School & Brigham Women s Hospital v

5 Contents 1. Epidemiology of Heart Failure Robert Neil Doughty Harvey D. White 2. Mechanisms of Disease Douglas S. Lee Ramachran S. Vasan 3. Diagnostic Testing the Assessment of Heart Failure Savitri E. Fedson Allen S. Anderson 4. Nonpharmacologic Management of Heart Failure Jeffrey A. Spaeder Edward K. Kasper 5. Digoxin, Diuretics, Vasodilators in Patients with Heart Failure Grigorios Giamouzis, Syed A. Agha, Javed Butler 6. Neurohormonal Blockade in Heart Failure Ragavendra R. Baliga 7. Early Medical Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Nils P. Johnson, Alec J. Moorman, Peter S. Pang, Sean P. Collins, Micah J. Eimer, Mihai Gheorghiade 8. Management of Arrhythmias in Heart Failure Evan C. Adelstein Leonard I. Ganz 9. Device Therapy in Heart Failure J. Julia Shin, Andrew L. Smith, Angel R. Leon 10. Management of Comorbidities in Heart Failure Chim C. Lang Donna M. Mancini 11. Evaluation for Ventricular Assist Devices Cardiac Transplantation Katherine Lietz Leslie W. Miller Index vii

6 Contributors Evan C. Adelstein, MD Cardiovascular Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, PA, USA Syed A. Agha, MD Emory University Hospital Atlanta, Georgia Allen S. Anderson, MD Heart Failure Program Cardiac Transplant University of Chicago Hospitals Ragavendra R. Baliga, MD, MBA, FRCP (Edin), FACC Department of Cardiovascular Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA Javed Butler, MD, MPH Emory University Hospital Atlanta, Georgia Sean P. Collins, MD, MSc Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA Robert Neil Doughty, MD, FRACP, FRCP, FCSANZ Department of Medicine The University of Auckl Auckl, New Zeal Micah J. Eimer, MD Savitri E. Fedson, MD Section of Cardiology, Heart Failure & Transplantation University of Chicago Medical Center Leonard I. Ganz, MD Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology The Western Pennsylvania Hospital Pittsburgh, PA, USA Mihai Gheorghiade, MD Department of Medicine Grigorios Giamouzis Emory University Hospital Atlanta, Georgia Michael M. Givertz, MD Brigham Women s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA Nils P. Johnson, MD Edward K. Kasper, MD, FACC Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore, MD, USA ix

7 x Ghazanfar Khadim, MD Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA Chim C. Lang, MD, FRCP, FACC Department of Cardiology University of Dundee Nine Wells Hospital Medical School Dundee, Scotl, UK Douglas S. Lee, MD, PhD, FRCPC Department of Medicine (Cardiology) Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada Angel R. Leon, MD Cardiology Division Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Katherine Lietz, MD, PhD University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA Donna M. Mancini, MD Department of Medicine Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital New York, NY, USA Leslie W. Miller, MD University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA Alec J. Moorman, MD Contributors Peter S. Pang, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Bertram Pitt, MD University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, MI, USA Ramachran S. Vasan, MD, DM, FACC National Heart, Lung Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study Framingham, MA, USA Cardiology Section the Department of Preventive Medicine Epidemiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA J. Julia Shin, MD Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapy Cardiac Transplant Assist Device Program Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Andrew L. Smith, MD Department of Cardiology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Jeffrey A. Spaeder, MD Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA Harvey D. White, DSc, FRACP, FACC, FESC, FAHA, FCSANZ, FRSNZ Green Lane Cardiovascular Services Auckl City Hospital Auckl, New Zeal