Kardiologiese Ondersoeke in. Kerngeneeskunde by Universitas Akademiese Hospitaal. Dr. unine snyman Departement Kerngeneeskunde

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1 Kardiologiese Ondersoeke in Kerngeneeskunde by Universitas Akademiese Hospitaal Dr. unine snyman Departement Kerngeneeskunde

2 1. Hart Vloei Studie 2. Heksein Bloedpoel Studie 3. Miokardiale Perfusie Beelding

3 1. Hart Vloei Studie interesseerd in eerste deurgang deur sentrale sirkulasie

4 1. Hart Vloei Studie Vloei van bloed /radio-aktiwiteit deur sentrale sirkulasie indien: Normaal ~ SVC ~ RA ~ LA ~ Longe ~ LA ~ LV ~ Alles na aorta Aftakking (bv VSD) ~ SVC ~ RA ~ RV ~ Longe ~ LA ~ LV ~ deel terug na RV en deel na aorta

5 1. Hart Vloei Studie Indikasies en inligting verkry uit studie -1 Kwantifisering van sentrale aftakkings (diagnosering van aftakking) as QP > 1.2 kan moontlike aftakking aandui maar PHT / verhoogde pulmonale weerstand vertraagde opruiming, onakkurate analise -2 bepaling van RVUF 52% -3 evaluering van growwe sentrale anatomiese abnormaliteite (bv. aorta-aneurisme, dekstro-kardie, dekstro-rotasion, ens.)

6 1. Hart Vloei Studie Studie word beïnvloed deur pulmonale hipertensie Metode (agtergrond inligting) Toegedien as n bolus in mediale kubitale vena / eksterne jugulêre vena Versamel eerste deurgang data vir 60 sekondes dinamiese opname van beelde Radio-aktiwiteit Tc-99m pertegnetaat ( 99m TcO 4- ) Draer Geen

7 2. Heksein Bloedpoel Studie Metode (agtergrond inligting) In vivo merking van pasiënt se eie RBS e met pirofosfaat in inspuitkamer Spuit ±30 minute later Tc-99m pertegnetaat (steeds in inspuitkamer) beelding nou gedoen met kamara in anterior posisie en links anterior skuins posisie

8 2. Heksein Bloedpoel Studie Metode (agtergrond inligting - vervolg) Opnames gelyktydig met EKG gedoen Gebruik R-golf uitwyking om volume veranderinge tydens n enkele hart siklus te bepaal ~ studie word beïnvloed deur AF (atriale fibrllasie) sodra gekombineerde beelde verkry is ( 10 minute) word dit dinamies op die rekenaarskerm vertoon om die kontrakterende hart te beoordeel

9 2. Heksein Bloedpoel Studie Radio-aktiwiteit Tc-99m pertegnetaat Draer pasiënt se eie RBS e (in vivo gemerk met pirofosfaat)

10 2. Heksein Bloedpoel Studie Indikasies en inligting verkry uit studie -1 LVUF 57 8 % met n gedilateerde, swak kontrakterende LV SV word gehandhaaf, maar EDVV verhoog UF neem af (hierdie is tipiese beeld van kongestief gedilateerde KMP) -2 LV grootte / hipertrofie -3 wand beweging belangrik in isgemiese hart siekte (affekteer normaalweg die hart regionaal) aantoon van LV aneurisme

11 2. Heksein Bloedpoel Studie Indikasies en inligting verkry uit studie (vervolg) -4 Diastoliese funksie -5 Perikardiale Effusie Hart sonar meer sensitief -6 RV grootte en funksie bevestig Cor Pulmonale (minder akkuraat)

12 3. Miokardiale Perfusie Beelding nie-indringend veilig goedkoper as angiogram inligting omtrent miokardiale perfusie funksie indien NIE atriale fibrillasie/disritmes opname afhanklik van bloedvoorsiening lewensvatbaarheid (metabolisme) van miokardiale weefsel

13 3. Miokardiale Perfusie Beelding Metode (agtergrond inligting): Verkieslik stres studie dag 1 Pasiënt gestres dmv fisiese- of farmakologiese stres Fisiese stres: trapmeul / roei Farmakologiese stres : Dobutrex in eenheid adenosien in verwysings kamer Vir betekenisvolle resultate moet polsspoed van ten minste 90% van verwagte polsspoed vir ouderdom verkry word (100% = 220 ouderdom van pasiënt) β-blokker beïnvloed die polsspoed!! (beïnvloed NIE opname van studie) - wel resultate verkry uit studie agv onvoeldoende inspanning

14 3. Miokardiale Perfusie Beelding Metode: (agtergrond inligting - vervolg) Indien koue area op stres beelde van perfusie studie gesien opgevolg deur rus studie vlg dag rus studie opgevolg volgens dieselfde protokol as die stres studie BEHALWE dat pasiënt gevra word om rond te loop om GIT se beweging aan te help Res v/d protokol mbt stres en rus studies: Onmiddelik ná IV toediening van radio-nuklied word 2 glase water gegee deurspoel van GIT Halfuur later word ten minste 4 blokkies wit sjokolade / 2 glase volroom melk gegee sametrekking van galblaas en verdere deurspoel van GIT Pasiënt word dan na nog n halfuur gebeeld (maw 1 uur ná inspuiting)

15 3. Miokardiale Perfusie Beelding Metode: (agtergrond inligting - vervolg) Beoordeling van perfusie Staties Beoordeling van ventrikulogram Dinamies Rekenaar werk ook uitwerpfraksie uit (LW: hart se spierwand word gebruik) Word gebruik om perfusie deel te bevestig

16 3. Miokardiale Perfusie Beelding Radio-aktiwiteit Tegnesium Draer Isonitriel samestelling word gebruik as spoorder nl. 99m Tc-sestamibi positiewe lading beweeg soos K + oor miokardiale membraan konsentreer IS (intra-sellulêr) in mitochondria

17 3. Miokardiale Perfusie Beelding Indikasies Isgemie Infarksie

18 3. Miokardiale Perfusie Beelding Inligting verkry uit die studie Herdistribusie Iskemie Gefikseerde defek Infarksie (NB Attenuasie defekte) Kombinasie Lewensvatbare weefsel Transmurale infarksie Litteken formasie Funksie (LVUF, regionale wandbeweging) Dilateerde ventrikel KMP (kardiomiopatie) RV hipertrofie Attenuasie Orgaan naasliggend tot die hart wat vals positiewe resultate of vals negatiewe defekte veroorsaak

19 Hartvloei Bloedpoel Miokardiale Perfusie Perfusie deel Ventrikulogram deel Radio-aktiwiteit Tc-99m pertegnetaat ( 99m TcO 4- ) Tc-99m pertegnetaat ( 99m TcO 4- ) Tegnesium Draer Geen RBS gemerkte 99m Tc 99m Tc-sestamibi Dinamiese toediening van radio-aktiwiteit? Ja Nee Nee Nee Dinamiese opname? Ja Ja Nee Ja Dinamiese vertoon op rekenaarskerm? Ja Ja Nee Ja Indikasies/Inligting verkry uit studie 1. Kwantifisering van sentrale aftakkings 2. Bepaling van RVUF 3. Evaluering van growwe sentrale anatomiese abnormaliteite 1. LVUF 2. LV grootte/hipertrofie 3. Wandbeweging (funksie) 4. Diastoliese funksie 5. Perikardiale Effusie 6. RV grootte 7. RV wandbeweging (funksie) 1. Isgemie 2. Infarksie 3. Lewensvatbare weefsel 4. Litteken formasie 5. Funksie 6. KMP 7. RV Hipertrofie Toestande/medikasie wat ondersoek/interpretering van ondersoek beïnvloed Pulmonale Hipertensie/ Pulmonale verhoogde weerstand Atriale fibrllasie (disritmieë) β-blokker Atriale fibrillasie (disritmieë)

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