Human Body Systems. Human Body Project Notes

Transcription

1 Human Body Systems Human Body Project Notes

2 Human Body Organ Systems for the Project

3 Big Idea: Organ systems are composed of organs that are made of more than one type of tissue. Tissues are made of one type of cell.

4 Nervous System Functions

5 Big Idea: The nervous system controls all body functions.

6 For the Project: You will need to show the brain inside view.

7 For the Project: You will need to show the brain outside. This lifts up like a cover to reveal the brain inside view.

8 Skeletal System Functions Provides shape and support Enables movement Protects internal organs Produces blood cells Stores certain materials until the body needs them Bones are connected to bones by ligaments at the joints. Ends of bones have a cartilage padding at joints.

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10 Skull For the project Show the skull facing sideways Skull needs to lift up like a cover to reveal the brain Skull needs to show all the bones - doesn t need to be different colors, but all the bones need to be shown and labeled

11 Muscles Skeletal movement Smooth organ functions such as peristalsis during digestion Cardiac heart contractions for circulation of blood

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13 For the project, you will need to have one side showing muscles and one side showing the skeleton. Arm and leg muscles may be drawn onto the body. The spine and back of the rib cage may be drawn onto the body. The rib cage must open up. The ribs are a cage. The front should be made out of paper. The abdominal muscles must open up to reveal the ribs and organs of the chest. The skull must lift up to reveal the brain.

14 For the project, you will need to have one side showing muscles and one side showing the skeleton. Huge Tip: Turn the head facing sideways. You do not need to include facial muscles, just the skull.

15 Big idea: Muscles and bones work together to allow movement. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.

16 Circulatory System You need to know... heart- pumps blood veins- carry blood to the heart arteries- carry blood away from the heart capillaries- connect veins and arteries

17 For the project... The major blood vessels shown in the diagram must be in the body. They may be drawn, but could be made of paper.

18 For the project... The heart must open to show the inside view of the heart.

19 Know the flow... CO2 blood from the body returns to the heart through the vena cava. The right atrium is where the process begins when the CO2 blood enters the heart. Then it s through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle and out the pulmonary artery to the lungs.

20 Know the flow... O2 blood returns through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium of the heart. From the left atrium O2 blood flows through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Then it s through the aortic valve to the aorta and out to the capillaries and to the cells of the body.

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22 Circulatory System You need to know CO2 diffuses from cells into blood plasma triggering a chemical reaction. O2 diffuses from the hemoglobin of the red blood cell into the body cell.

23 Circulatory - Respiratory Connection

24 Respiratory What you need to know Oxygen leaves the lung alveoli and enters the capillary by diffusion. Carbon dioxide leaves the capillary and enters the alveoli by diffusion.

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26 Respiratory You need to know When the diaphragm contracts, the chest cavity becomes smaller. When the volume of the chest cavity is reduced, the pressure inside the cavity increases pushing air out of the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest cavity enlarges. When the volume increases, the pressure decreases allowing air to fill the lungs.

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28 For the project... You will need the structures shown in the diagram. One lung must open to show the bronchioles and one blow-up of the alveoli at the end of a bronchiole. Remember the left lung has two lobes and the right lung has three lobes.

29 For the project: Pay attention to the relationship of heart, lungs, and blood vessels.

30 For the project... The rib cage surrounds the heart and lungs. The diaphragm separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The rib cage will be covered on one side by a removable muscle. The rib cage opens to reveal the lungs and heart. Behind all of this there is an esophagus running to the stomach.

31 Big Idea... As the muscles work harder, they produce more CO2 waste. The heart beats faster to pump blood to deliver O2 to the muscle cells and carry away CO2 waste. Breathing rate increases to meet the demand for more O2. The heart and lung circulation needs to be coordinated to keep up with blood flow.

32 For the project pay attention to the relationships of the structures of digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems.

33 Digestive For the project pharynx epiglottis esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine pancreas gallbladder liver connecting ducts

34 Digestion You need to know what each structure does and where carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (lipids) are broken down.

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36 What you need to know... Transport- it s complicated, but villi increase the surface area of the small intestine and allow active and passive transport of products of digestion into the lymphatic system and the circulatory system. (We re skipping the lymphatic system, but you can do some independent research to learn more.)

37 Urinary For the project all the structures shown in the diagram pay attention to relationship of the urinary system structures to the digestive system structures urinary structures are behind the digestive system structures

38 Urinary For the project pay attention to the kidney location relative to the rib cage kidneys are not in the chest cavity, but are under the ribs behind the diaphragm

39 Urinary For the project pay attention to circulatory system connections

40 Urinary For the project one kidney needs to open to show the interior structures

41 Big idea... Kidneys filter waste from the blood and excrete the waste as urine. Kidneys also balance ions, water, and glucose concentrations.

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43 One more organ to include... One flap of skin that may be drawn to show the layers of skin or constructed as layers from paper. However, it is a flap over a muscle.

44 One more organ to include... Skin is considered and organ because it is composed of different tissue types that work together to carry out a function.

45 One more organ to include... Functions Protection from the environment including UV radiation Regulation of body temperature Regulation of fluids and circulatory flow at the surface of the body Synthesis of vitamin D Sensation through touch receptors

46 Summary Nervous system controls functions of the body. Digestive system provides nutrients to cells that make up tissues and organs. Respiratory system takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide waste produced by cells. Circulatory system moves nutrients from the digestive system to body cells, moves waste to the kidneys and lungs, and carries oxygen to cells. Urinary system balances water, nutrients, and ions while removing waste from blood and excreting urine. Muscles are found in the skeletal system, digestive system, excretory system, and circulatory system. Bones protect internal organs, allow movement, produce some blood cells, and store some nutrients. Skin provides protection, regulation, and sensation.

47 The project This is a big undertaking. You have 5 days to build the body. Work smart. Do your part to know the functions of the structures.

48 The project Grading components and timeline: Body structures (5 days) Group quiz on functions Group autopsy (1 day) Individual systems test

49 Human Body Project This model is not quite finished. It s missing the muscles of the chest and abdomen. The skin flap, a patch about 4 inches X 4 inches, still needs to be added over a muscle of the arm or leg. However, the model shows the general idea of what is expected. Notice that the head is turned to the side. The skull opens up to reveal the brain, nasal cavity, and throat. The rib cage opens to reveal the lungs and heart. The lungs and heart lift up to reveal the spine, back ribs, esophagus, and kidneys. The digestive system also llifts up.